La Banque de Russie limite la part des cryptomonnaies dans le portefeuille des courtiers de marché à 25 %

cryptonews.ruPublished on 2026-08-18Last updated on 2026-08-18

Abstract

La Banque centrale de Russie (Banque de Russie) a publié un nouveau projet de règlement qui limite la part des crypto-actifs dans les portefeuilles des intermédiaires de marché professionnels. Selon cette réglementation, les courtiers, gestionnaires fiduciaires, négociants sur le marché des changes et plateformes d'échange de crypto-monnaies devront inclure ces actifs dans le calcul de leurs fonds propres. Leur valeur ne pourra pas dépasser 25% de la valeur totale des fonds propres déclarés de l'entreprise. Pour être comptabilisés, les crypto-actifs doivent être négociés sur des bourses et enregistrés dans des dépôts cryptographiques agréés, permettant ainsi à l'État d'en vérifier l'existence. L'objectif de ces règles est de mieux prendre en compte les risques de crédit et de marché liés aux cryptomonnaies et de garantir la capacité financière des entreprises à couvrir d'éventuelles pertes. La Banque de Russie estime que cette approche renforcera la stabilité financière des intermédiaires opérant avec ces actifs. Cette initiative s'inscrit dans un processus plus large de légalisation encadrée des cryptomonnaies en Russie. Elle fait suite à l'adoption par la Douma d'une réglementation globale autorisant les investisseurs, qualifiés et non qualifiés, à négocier des cryptomonnaies, avec toutefois une limite annuelle d'environ 3 800 dollars pour ces derniers. L'utilisation des cryptomonnaies pour les paiements domestiques reste interdite, tandis que leur emploi pour les règleme...

La Banque de Russie a publié un nouveau projet de règlement définissant les exigences que les participants professionnels du marché doivent suivre pour inclure des actifs cryptographiques dans leurs bilans.

Selon le nouveau règlement, les participants professionnels du marché, tels que les courtiers, les gestionnaires de patrimoine, les dealers sur le marché des changes et les plateformes d'échange de cryptomonnaies, devront prendre en compte les actifs cryptographiques dans le calcul de leurs fonds propres. Ces crypto-actifs, qui peuvent être inclus au bilan s'ils sont admis à la négociation sur les bourses, peuvent atteindre une limite prudentielle de 25 % de la valeur totale déclarée des fonds propres.

En outre, pour être inclus dans ces calculs, les actifs cryptographiques doivent être enregistrés dans des dépositaires de cryptomonnaies, ce qui permettra à l'État de confirmer leur existence.

Concernant l'objectif de cet ensemble de règles, la banque a expliqué que ce ratio sera pris en compte dans l'évaluation des risques de crédit et de marché et garantira la capacité de ces entreprises à couvrir les pertes potentielles.

« Grâce à cette nouvelle approche, ces ratios prendront en compte les risques liés aux cryptomonnaies et aideront à assurer la résilience financière des intermédiaires lors de la conduite d'opérations avec des cryptomonnaies », a conclu la banque.

Cette mesure est considérée comme une continuation du processus de légalisation des cryptomonnaies en Russie, offrant aux utilisateurs la possibilité d'évaluer la fiabilité des participants réglementés du marché sur la base de leurs actifs cryptographiques, mais marque également le début d'une ère de surveillance étatique plus approfondie, renforçant le contrôle sur les opérations cryptographiques internes des opérateurs et maintenant une participation limitée des actifs cryptographiques dans l'économie russe.

Ce projet de règlement fait suite à l'approbation par la Douma d'État d'une réglementation globale des cryptomonnaies, autorisant à la fois les investisseurs qualifiés et non qualifiés à négocier des cryptomonnaies dans le pays, mais limitant ces derniers à des achats d'une valeur maximale de 300 000 roubles (environ 3 800 dollars) par an.

Néanmoins, l'utilisation des cryptomonnaies comme moyen de règlement interne est interdite, tandis que les exportateurs et importateurs peuvent toujours les utiliser sans restriction dans les règlements transfrontaliers, ce qui leur permet d'utiliser légalement des stablecoins et d'autres actifs numériques pour contourner les risques de sanctions secondaires.

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