伊朗开枪,打了一艘向骗子交比特币过路费的油轮

marsbitPublished on 2026-04-22Last updated on 2026-04-22

Abstract

伊朗宣布在霍尔木兹海峡收取比特币过路费后,骗子冒充伊朗官员向滞留油轮发送虚假消息,要求以BTC或USDT支付费用以换取通行。至少一艘信以为真并付款的油轮在试图通过时遭伊朗革命卫队开火袭击。链上分析公司TRM Labs和Chainalysis均表示,未发现大规模加密货币收费的链上证据。事件暴露了在战争和制裁背景下,加密货币支付的不可逆性从优点转为风险,船东即使被骗也可能因“意图向受制裁方付款”而面临法律追究。整起事件荒诞地展示了国家政策叙事被骗子利用,并导致实际冲突与经济损失的案例。

作者:深潮 TechFlow

深潮导读:伊朗宣布霍尔木兹海峡收取比特币过路费后不到两周,骗子便冒充伊朗官员向滞留油轮发送假消息索要 BTC 和 USDT。

至少一艘付了假过路费的油轮在试图通行时遭到伊朗革命卫队开火。链上分析公司 TRM Labs 和 Chainalysis 均表示,至今未发现大规模加密货币收费的链上证据。

伊朗宣布用比特币收过路费,骗子两周内就把这套叙事变成了武器。

据路透社 4 月 21 日报道,希腊海事风险管理公司 MARISKS 发出警告:不明身份者冒充伊朗当局,向滞留在霍尔木兹海峡西侧的船只发送虚假消息,要求以 BTC 或 USDT 支付「过路费」以换取安全通行。MARISKS 认为,4 月 18 日伊朗短暂开放海峡时遭到伊朗革命卫队炮艇开火的至少一艘船只,正是这场骗局的受害者。

事件的荒诞在于整条因果链:一个主权国家宣布收比特币过路费,骗子抄了这套话术去行骗,船东信以为真付了钱,然后被真正的伊朗军队开了枪。

从「国家级结算工具」到骗子的攻击面

故事要从 4 月初说起。

伊朗议会 3 月 30 日至 31 日通过了「霍尔木兹海峡管理计划」,将伊斯兰革命卫队自 3 月中旬起已在执行的过路费制度正式写入法律。据《金融时报》报道,伊朗石油、天然气和石化产品出口商联盟发言人 Hamid Hosseini 确认,满载油轮需按每桶 1 美元的标准缴费,支付方式包括比特币、USDT 或人民币。一艘装满 200 万桶原油的超级油轮,单次过路费可达 200 万美元。

消息一出,比特币价格跳涨 5%,一度突破 7.27 万美元。加密社区迅速将其解读为比特币作为「国际贸易中性结算层」的里程碑式验证。Bitwise 等机构甚至将其与比特币突破 100 万美元的预测挂钩。

但怀疑者也不少。

Bitcoin Policy Institute 的 Sam Lyman 在 4 月 15 日的报告中指出,以现有技术大规模收取比特币过路费「几乎不可能实现」。TRM Labs 全球政策主管 Ari Redbord 对《财富》杂志表示,链上数据并未显示过路费支付正在大规模发生。Chainalysis 则在分析报告中指出,伊朗关联实体的链上活动主要依赖 Tron 上的 USDT,而非比特币。

骗子不关心这些技术争论。他们只需要一个可信的叙事,而伊朗政府已经替他们写好了剧本。

付了假钱的船,挨了真枪

据路透社和 DL News 报道,诈骗消息的措辞高度模仿官方口径。骗子要求船东提交船舶文件,声称将由「伊朗安全部门」进行评估,评估通过后需以 BTC 或 USDT 支付费用,之后船只可在「预定时间安全通过海峡」。

约 400 艘船和约 2 万名船员目前滞留在波斯湾内。美国封锁伊朗港口,伊朗则反复开放又关闭海峡通行,双重封锁之下,船东的焦虑可想而知。骗子精准利用了这种焦虑。

4 月 18 日,伊朗短暂开放海峡,部分船只尝试通过。据英国海上贸易行动中心(UKMTO)消息,两艘伊朗革命卫队炮艇向一艘试图驶出海峡的油轮开火,迫其折返。MARISKS 认为,这艘油轮此前已向骗子支付了加密货币「过路费」,以为自己获得了通行许可。

付了钱,但钱没到伊朗手里。船照样被打。

付给骗子也可能违反制裁法

更讽刺的是,即便船东意识到自己被骗了,法律风险也不会消失。

Chainalysis 调查策略主管 Xue Yin Peh 对 Decrypt 表示,无论收款方是否真的是伊朗当局,只要付款方意图向受制裁政权付款,就可能构成违反 OFAC、欧盟和英国制裁法规的行为。换句话说,你以为自己在向伊朗付费,即使钱进了骗子口袋,监管机构依然可以追究你的「主观意图」。

TRM Labs 欧洲、中东和非洲政策负责人 Isabella Chase 也警告称,与这类要求相关的任何钱包地址都应被视为「高风险」,加密货币支付在制裁合规层面不提供任何「安全港」。

这给船东制造了一个近乎无解的困境:付给伊朗是制裁违规,付给骗子也可能是制裁违规,而不付钱就只能继续在波斯湾漂着。

「比特币不可逆」从优点变成了缺陷

整件事最值得加密行业反思的,是比特币的核心特性在这个场景中的表现。

Benzinga 在报道中点出了关键问题:加密货币支付一旦发出就无法撤回。传统银行转账至少还有冻结和追回的可能性,但比特币和 USDT 一经转出,资金即告丢失。这一特性在正常商业语境中被称为「无需信任的结算」,在战争+骗局的叠加场景中则变成了「无处追讨的损失」。

这或许是 2026 年最荒诞的加密故事... 伊朗用比特币收过路费的计划可能从未真正落地,但骗子已经靠这个故事赚到了钱,而一艘油轮因此挨了枪。

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Related Questions

Q伊朗宣布在霍尔木兹海峡收取比特币过路费后,骗子是如何利用这一消息进行诈骗的?

A骗子冒充伊朗官员,向滞留在霍尔木兹海峡的船只发送虚假消息,要求以比特币或USDT支付'过路费'以换取安全通行。他们模仿官方口径,要求船东提交船舶文件进行评估,评估通过后支付加密货币,承诺船只可在预定时间安全通过海峡。

Q为什么一艘油轮在支付了'过路费'后仍然遭到伊朗革命卫队的开火?

A因为这艘油轮支付的是骗子的虚假要求,钱并没有进入伊朗官方账户。伊朗革命卫队并未收到付款,因此当该油轮试图通行时,被视为未缴费而遭到开火警告,被迫折返。

Q链上分析公司TRM Labs和Chainalysis对伊朗收取比特币过路费有何发现?

ATRM Labs和Chainalysis均表示,至今未发现大规模加密货币收费的链上证据。Chainalysis进一步指出,伊朗关联实体的链上活动主要依赖Tron上的USDT,而非比特币。

Q船东即使被骗向骗子支付加密货币,可能面临什么法律风险?

A无论收款方是否是伊朗当局,只要付款方意图向受制裁政权付款,就可能违反OFAC、欧盟和英国的制裁法规。监管机构可以追究其'主观意图',因此即使钱进了骗子口袋,船东仍可能面临法律制裁。

Q比特币的不可逆特性在这一事件中带来了什么负面影响?

A比特币支付一旦发出就无法撤回,这与传统银行转账可冻结追回不同。在这一骗局中,船东支付后资金即告丢失,无处追讨,这一'无需信任的结算'特性变成了'无处追讨的损失',加剧了受害者的风险。

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