Vitalik Buterin提议用ZK证明技术审计X算法和排名系统

cointelegraphPublished on 2025-12-15Last updated on 2025-12-15

Abstract

以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin呼吁社交媒体平台使用密码学和区块链工具,以提高其内容排名系统的透明度和可验证性。他建议X平台采用零知识证明(ZK-proofs)和区块链技术来证明内容推荐算法的公平性,确保平台无法篡改或隐瞒时间戳数据,并提议将完整算法代码延迟1-2年公开。Buterin批评埃隆·马斯克的领导方式损害了言论自由,认为平台不应用作协调仇恨攻击的工具。此外,去中心化社交平台(SocialFi)虽未主流化,但已引起传统中心化平台的警惕,如Meta曾封禁竞争对手Pixelfed的链接。欧盟《数字服务法》也要求平台提高算法透明度,X近期因违反该法规被处以1.2亿欧元罚款。

以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin呼吁社交媒体平台使用密码学和区块链工具,使其内容排名系统更加透明和可验证。

在周一发布的X推文中,Buterin主张X平台应使用零知识证明(ZK-proofs)和区块链技术,以证明其内容推荐算法的公平性。他在12月9日就X的运营方式提出质疑,认为其所有者埃隆·马斯克的领导方式具有危害性:

“埃隆·马斯克,我认为你应该意识到,将X打造成自由言论的全球图腾柱,然后将其变成协调仇恨会议的死亡之星激光,实际上对自由事业是有害的。”

以太坊基金会AI负责人Davide Crapis对此回应称:“如果要宣称X是自由言论平台,就应该公开算法优化目标。”他补充说“算法应该对用户清晰可读,并且可调整”。

Buterin建议建立一个可验证系统:对算法的每个决策使用ZK证明,将所有内容、点赞和转推时间戳记录在区块链上,“这样服务器就无法审查或篡改时间”。平台还应“承诺在1-2年后公布完整算法代码”。

来源:Vitalik Buterin

零知识证明是一种密码学方法,可以在不泄露底层数据的情况下证明某件事的真实性——例如证明自己年满18岁而无需提供全名。Buterin未详细说明其方案中证明的具体内容,但这些证明很可能用于展示算法决策遵循特定约束条件,同时不泄露敏感细节。

相关阅读:阳光比审查更有效

加密货币界对社交媒体的尝试

Buterin的帖子呼应了某些去中心化社交媒体平台(称为SocialFi)的理念。尽管尚未有任何此类项目获得主流采用,传统中心化平台似乎已认真对待这些尝试。

2025年初,Facebook和Instagram的母公司Meta封锁了去中心化Instagram竞争对手Pixelfed的链接。所有指向该平台的链接都被标记为“垃圾信息”并立即删除。另有消息称包括Mastodon在内的其他竞争对手也遭到同样对待。

加密货币社区——因其对中心化控制的警惕性——长期以来一直关注社交媒体平台领导层决策的潜在影响。当马斯克在1月初宣布X将优先推广被视为具有信息性或教育意义的内容时,许多人对此表示怀疑。

批评者质疑由谁来决定内容标准,以及该政策是否会成为压制某些观点的工具。马斯克还被批评者指控限制与其意见相左的用户使用高级功能。

Buterin当时也曾发声,敦促马斯克坚守平台上的言论自由承诺,不要因意见分歧或表达观点而封禁用户。

相关阅读:Buterin称X新定位功能‘有风险’,加密用户提出隐私担忧

社交媒体对社会的影响

研究长期表明社交媒体对社会和民主进程运作具有巨大影响。2024年发表的一篇论文指出“使用Facebook可能会增加对错误信息的信任”。

路透社上月报道称,最新法庭文件显示,Meta在发现其产品损害用户心理健康的因果证据后,关闭了针对Facebook心理健康影响的内部研究。该研究发现“停止使用Facebook一周的人报告称抑郁、焦虑、孤独和社交比较心理有所减轻”。

欧盟试图通过《数字服务法》解决这个问题,该法案要求公开主要算法参数,并强制平台评估风险并披露其运营可能产生的负面影响。明确考虑的负面影响包括“对公民 discourse、选举过程和公共安全的负面影响”。

《数字服务法》还要求向经审查的研究人员开放平台数据,以便独立研究系统性风险。X未能遵守这一具体要求是欧盟委员会本月早些时候处以1.2亿欧元罚款的原因之一。

其他原因包括X广告库缺乏透明度,以及平台的蓝V认证被指误导用户,因为“任何人都可以付费获得‘认证’状态,而公司并未实质验证账户背后的使用者身份”。

Related Questions

QVitalik Buterin 建议使用什么技术来提升社交媒体平台内容排名系统的透明度和可验证性?

AVitalik Buterin 建议使用零知识证明(ZK-proofs)和区块链技术,通过密码学和分布式账本工具来证明平台内容推荐算法的公平性,并确保时间戳和用户交互数据的不可篡改性。

QButerin 对 Elon Musk 领导下的 X 平台主要提出了哪些批评?

AButerin 批评 Elon Musk 将 X 平台标榜为全球言论自由的象征,却将其转变为‘协调仇恨会话的死亡之星激光’,认为这种行为实际上损害了言论自由的事业。

QButerin 提出的可验证系统具体包含哪些技术措施?

A他提出的系统包括:使用 ZK-proofs 验证算法每一项决策的合理性;将所有内容、点赞和转推的时间戳记录在区块链上以防止平台篡改或隐瞒;并承诺在1-2年后公开完整的算法代码。

Q欧盟通过什么法规来应对社交媒体平台缺乏透明度的问题?

A欧盟通过《数字服务法》(Digital Services Act)要求平台公开主要算法参数,评估其运营对社会的潜在负面影响(如公民 discourse 和选举过程的危害),并向经审查的研究人员提供数据访问权限以进行独立研究。

QX 平台近期因哪些原因被欧盟委员会处以1.2亿欧元的罚款?

A罚款原因包括:未遵守《数字服务法》中关于向研究人员提供数据访问的要求;广告库缺乏透明度;以及蓝色验证标记系统涉嫌误导用户(因付费即可获得验证状态而无需真实身份核验)。

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