华尔街大佬Tom Lee:加密市场调整可能接近尾声,比特币正在成为美股的领先指标

华尔街日报Published on 2025-11-21Last updated on 2025-11-21

华尔街资深策略师Tom Lee认为,自10月10日以来持续疲软的加密货币市场可能即将完成调整,并指出比特币和以太坊已成为美股的领先指标。这一判断基于加密市场做市商在2022年大规模清算事件中遭受重创后的资产负债表修复周期。

11月21日,BitMine董事长、前摩根大通首席股票策略师Tom Lee在接受CNBC采访时表示,10月10日发生的大规模清算事件"严重削弱了做市商",这些做市商在加密市场中扮演着"几乎相当于央行"的关键流动性提供者角色。

(图源:CNBC)

这位华尔街资深人士将当前情况与2022年的加密市场清算相比较。他表示,2022年类似事件耗时八周才完全消化,而目前仅过去六周。这意味着市场仍处于流动性受损和反射性疲软的状态。

他并指出,在近期市场波动中,比特币往往先于股市出现下跌,反映出加密市场流动性紧张对传统市场的预警作用。Tom Lee特别提到,10月10日当天比特币在美股下跌前率先转向,印证了加密货币对股市的领先性。

自10月10日以来,比特币价格重挫,已从10月初的12.5万美元高点跌至目前的8.2万美元左右。

10月清算事件重创做市商

Tom Lee详细解释了10月10日的市场冲击事件。当天一个交易所内的稳定币价格出现异常波动,从应保持的1美元跌至0.65美元。

这一价格偏离仅发生在该交易所内部,但触发了名为ADL(自动减仓)的自动清算机制。这种自动化流程类似于保证金追缴,当账户或抵押品价格下跌时会自动执行清算。

由于清算会跨交易所级联传导,最终导致约200万个加密账户被清算,即使这些账户在几分钟前仍处于盈利状态。

Tom Lee将此次事件的根源归结为"代码错误"。他指出,该交易所依赖内部报价而非跨交易所定价来设定稳定币价格,这一设计缺陷导致了系统性风险。

这次清算给做市商造成重大资本损失,迫使他们缩减资产负债表。

流动性枯竭的恶性循环

做市商资本受损后,市场陷入了反射性疲软的循环。

Tom Lee强调,做市商在加密市场中提供关键流动性,其作用"几乎相当于加密货币的央行"。当他们的资产负债表出现缺口需要补充资本时,就必须反射性地缩减资产负债表、减少交易。

随着加密货币价格下跌,做市商需要更多可用资本,这又迫使他们进一步收缩资产负债表,形成恶性循环。Tom Lee表示,过去几周加密市场的持续下跌正是反映了这种做市商功能受损的状态。

交易量下降进一步加剧了流动性问题。在这种环境下,即使没有新的负面消息,价格也会因流动性不足而继续承压。

历史经验提供时间框架:还需要两周

Tom Lee将当前情况与历史上的市场危机进行类比。他提到1987年的投资组合保险触发市场崩盘,以及2009年次贷抵押品问题导致金融危机,指出每次危机后行业都会吸取教训并调整机制。

关于加密货币市场的恢复时间,Tom Lee援引2022年的经验表示,当时的大规模清算用了八周时间才完全消化。目前距离10月10日事件仅过去六周,暗示调整即将结束。

Tom Lee强调,此次事件后ADL机制及定价方式"不会再发生",行业将从中吸取教训。他认为,相比传统金融危机后的过度监管,加密市场的优势在于"不会出现过度监管",但仍需应对清算的后续效应。

加密市场成为股市风向标

Tom Lee还指出,比特币和以太坊"在某种程度上成为股市的领先指标"。他的团队观察到,在当天市场下跌中,比特币先于美股转向下行,这印证了加密市场的领先性。

这种领先关系源于加密市场流动性解除的过程。

Tom Lee表示,当前股市的表现"很像10月10日发生事件的回声"。由于加密市场的自动化程度更高、流动性机制更敏感,其对系统性风险的反应往往快于传统市场。

 
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