从「贵族链」回归到「白菜价」:由矿工费引发的币圈往事回忆

marsbitPublished on 2025-08-24Last updated on 2025-08-25

最近,无论是比特币还是以太坊,其网络矿工费都屡创新低。

曾几何时,这两条链因其高昂的交易成本而被誉为「贵族链」,是整个行业消耗用户手续费最多的地方。但最近几个月,比特币的矿工费基本上回到了历史最低点 1sat/vbyte,以太坊的 Gas 费也回落到零点几 Gwei 的水平。

又到了回忆杀时刻,分享点币圈往事。回忆几件比特币上「离谱又真实」的关于矿工费的故事。


交易所提币矿工费曾经上天

大约在 2017 年,我亲身经历了一次由矿工费引发的「危机」。

当时我正准备从某交易所提取一笔比特币,提交申请后却发现这笔交易迟迟无法上链确认。我上区块链浏览器查看这笔交易的细节后,发现交易包含了数量巨大、面额极小的交易输入(UTXO)。

一笔交易的大小(in bytes)取决于其输入和输出的数量。输入越多,交易体积就越大,所需的矿工费也就越高。

然而,当时的这个交易所采取了固定手续费的提币策略,并未根据交易的实际「体积」动态调整费用。这就导致我的这笔交易因矿工费严重不足,矿池是认钱不认人的,我这笔交易被全网矿工无情地抛弃了。

按照当时的网络拥堵状况和这笔交易的庞大体积计算,它实际需要的矿工费高达 0.5+ 个比特币——以今天的价格来看,这真 TMD 的是一笔巨款。

小小地解释一下技术原理:

就像之前有新闻说,某公交公司拉了几车硬币去银行存钱,银行需要调动数十名员工,花费数天时间来清点。这个过程消耗的人力物力成本,可能比收到的硬币总额要高呢。

同样,在比特币网络中,将大量零散的 UTXO 汇集成一笔大额资金,也需要付出巨大的矿工费成本。

我联系交易所客服,希望他们能帮忙加速交易,但得到的回复却是「这是区块链的特性,请耐心等待」之类的官方辞令。客服只想赖账。

我追溯这笔交易的源头。通过分析链上数据,我拼凑出了一个惊人的推论:这个交易所的热钱包系统很可能遭遇了「粉尘攻击」。

攻击者在一段时间内,持续不断地向交易所的热钱包的充值地址发送了成千上万笔金额极小的比特币(例如,略高于粉尘交易门槛 546 聪的 UTXO)。

当普通用户发起提币时,交易所的钱包系统便会自动抓取这些零碎的 UTXO 作为交易输入,从而构建出一笔「臃肿」无比的交易。但矿工费又给的是固定值,这些提币交易就被卡死了。

我猜测,这或许是当时行业内部的一种恶意竞争手段。

事实上,行业早早期这种拿 offchain 钱包当成是整理零碎币的「攻击」事件是非常常见的。到现在各个交易所已经在技术上禁止这种攻击了,比如都不允许矿工提币直接提到交易所。现在交易所的提币系统也支持动态依交易尺寸调整矿工费了。

最终,因为急用这笔资金,我不得不自掏腰包,联系了一家矿池,支付了高昂的费用才将这笔交易「捞」了出来。回想起来,那真好多钱啊,妈的。


「善良的文化」与「精巧的阳谋」

比特币矿池社区有一个不成文的「善良文化」:当他们打包的区块中包含一笔支付了异常高额手续费的交易时,大多数矿池往往会选择将这笔「意外之财」返还给发送者。

这种事情在币圈历史上屡见不鲜。我印象中最早的案例可以追溯到 2013 年左右,当时著名的「烤猫矿池」就曾将一笔巨额的异常矿工费退还给了用户。

此后,好像几乎每年都会有类似的新闻出现。矿池并没有将这笔飞来横财视为利润瓜分掉,而是主动联系失误的用户并归还资金。

币圈认钱不认人的世界里,比特币矿池圈还是挺善良的。

不过,这种看似「善良」的机制,也可能被别有用心的人利用,成为一种高明的「混币」策略。

一笔比特币交易的矿工费等于其总输入减去总输出。这笔费用最终会作为区块奖励的一部分,被打包进该区块的 Coinbase 交易中。Coinbase 交易是一个区块的第一笔交易,它没有常规的输入,是矿工「凭空」创造出来给自己发奖励的。这意味着,一旦你的资金通过矿工费的形式进入了 Coinbase 交易,它之前所有的历史记录就此被切断了。

假设你有一个地址里的比特币被执法机构标记为「黑钱」,你该如何清洗它?你可以构建一笔特殊交易:输入是这个「黑钱」地址的 1 个 BTC,但输出地址只接收 0.001 个 BTC。那么,高达 0.999 个 BTC 的差额就全部变成了矿工费。当某个矿池打包了这笔交易后,这 0.999 个 BTC 就融入了该矿池的 Coinbase 奖励中,与它过去的历史彻底割裂。

接下来,你只需联系这家矿池,协商一个佣金比例,让他们将这笔「干净」的比特币奖励打到你指定的新地址。整个过程天衣无缝,完成了一次高明的洗钱。


历史的极端:那些令人瞠目结舌的交易

回顾比特币的历史长河,总有一些极端的交易记录让我们津津乐道:

史上最高矿工费:2011 年 12 月 12 日,一笔交易 txid:1d7749c65c90c32f5e2c036217a2574f3f4403da39174626b246eefa620b58d9 创造了历史。它将 207 个比特币发送出去,最终收款地址只收到了 35.77 个,其中高达 171.79869184BTC 个比特币被当作矿工费支付了出去。按今天的价格计算,这笔手续费的价值高达数近两千万美元。

史上最「抠门」的巨鲸:与之形成鲜明对比的是,历史上曾有一笔惊人的交易,一次性转移了超过 50 万枚比特币,但支付的矿工费却是零。txid:044e32f5e01d70333fb84b744cb936bf49acab518282c111894b18bcf3a63c12。

这位富可敌国的持有者,真可谓是一毛不拔。

币圈有趣的往事真是太多了,只可惜币没多少了,只剩下故事了。

明天再总结下 ETH 版的 gas 故事。

Related Reads

The Truth About Global Payments, Exposed by Airwallex

Airwallex's founder, Jack Zhang, outlines the three primary paths in the global payments industry and explains why the company chooses the most demanding one: building its own global financial infrastructure. The article begins by highlighting a common industry problem: payment platforms appear homogenized on the surface, offering similar features like global acquiring and multi-currency accounts. However, their underlying capabilities differ vastly. Customers truly care about payment stability, compliance robustness, and reliable market entry support. Zhang identifies three strategic paths: 1. **Bypassing Traditional Systems (Web3/Crypto):** This path promises efficiency via stablecoins and blockchain settlement but struggles with mainstream adoption, significant regulatory friction, and a lack of competitive edge against established players, often leaving it with niche or non-compliant markets. 2. **Packaging Existing Infrastructure:** The most common route, where companies layer a modern interface over legacy banking and partner networks. While enabling fast expansion, it fails to solve core issues like dependency on correspondent banks and intermediary risk, merely postponing the need for solid foundations. 3. **Building Own Global Infrastructure:** The path chosen by Airwallex, Ant International, and others. It involves obtaining local licenses, establishing direct regulatory relationships, building local teams, and controlling the full technology stack. This "heavy" approach is slow and capital-intensive but aims to internalize complexity, providing customers with a "lighter" experience. The core argument is that for business clients, the highest cost isn't transaction fees but hidden risks like frozen accounts, payment delays, and regulatory shocks. By investing heavily in its own infrastructure, Airwallex seeks to absorb these complexities, offering customers greater stability, cost savings (beyond fees), and long-term certainty. This foundational investment, though initially slow, enables compound growth, as evidenced by Airwallex's accelerated revenue scaling. In conclusion, while shortcuts enable faster growth, mastering the most difficult aspects—owning the underlying infrastructure—creates durable value for customers and sustainable advantage for the payment provider.

marsbit3h ago

The Truth About Global Payments, Exposed by Airwallex

marsbit3h ago

The Truth About Global Payments, Revealed by Airwallex

The article discusses Airwallex's approach to global payments, highlighting the key challenges and different strategic paths in the industry. It begins by addressing common user questions about platform reliability, cryptocurrency payments, and the necessity of Airwallex's "heavy" infrastructure model. The core argument is that while many payment platforms appear similar on the surface—offering features like global acquiring and multi-currency accounts—their underlying capabilities differ drastically. The piece identifies three primary paths for global payment providers: 1. **Bypassing Traditional Infrastructure (Web3/Crypto):** This path promises efficiency through stablecoins and on-chain settlements but faces significant regulatory hurdles and offers little advantage over established players for mainstream use, often serving only niche or non-compliant markets. 2. **Aggregating/Packaging Existing Infrastructure:** The most common route, where companies layer a better user experience over legacy banking and partner networks. While fast to market, this approach does not solve fundamental issues like dependency on intermediaries, correspondent banking risks, and compliance fragility. 3. **Building Proprietary Global Infrastructure:** The path chosen by Airwallex and similar firms. This involves obtaining local licenses, building direct regulatory relationships, establishing local teams, and controlling the compliance and technology stack. This is the most difficult and capital-intensive route but aims to internalize complexity. Airwallex's strategy of "heavy" investment in its own infrastructure is framed not as inefficiency, but as a long-term bet to provide clients with greater stability, cost savings beyond fees, and certainty. The platform's "heaviness" absorbs risk and operational complexity, aiming to deliver a "lighter" experience for business customers. The article concludes that in global payments, while shortcuts enable faster growth, mastering the most difficult aspects—the underlying infrastructure—is what creates durable value for clients and sustainable competitive advantage.

链捕手3h ago

The Truth About Global Payments, Revealed by Airwallex

链捕手3h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片