Visa、万事达好日子到头了?稳定币正在抢生意…

比推Published on 2025-07-01Last updated on 2025-07-01

数字支付领域正上演一场激烈的地盘争夺战,曾占据主导地位的支付巨头Visa万事达卡,正受到新兴稳定币浪潮的正面冲击。这不仅是一场技术革新,更是一场关于支付未来主导权的攻防战。

image.png

稳定币:新兴支付方式的威胁

长期以来,Visa和万事达卡凭借其庞大的网络和强大的品牌,在数字支付领域占据着无可争议的地位。然而,一种新型数字货币——稳定币——的崛起,正以前所未有的优势挑战着它们的传统业务模式。

核心威胁点在于:

  1. 成本优势: 稳定币允许消费者直接从加密钱包向商家付款,绕过了传统银行和卡网络的层层路由。这意味着可以显著降低甚至消除商家每年支付给卡网络的巨额“刷卡费”(去年美国企业为此支付了约1870亿美元)。

  2. 效率提升: 稳定币承诺更快的结算速度,尤其对于跨境支付,其即时性和低成本优势更为突出,而这正是稳定币最受欢迎的用例之一。

  3. 绕开巨头: 稳定币提供了一种无需依赖Visa和万事达卡网络即可完成交易的途径,这从根本上可能动摇两大巨头在支付生态系统中的核心地位。

image.png

稳定币市场的爆发式增长进一步加剧了这一威胁。目前,稳定币市值已达2530亿美元,据美国财政部长斯科特·贝森特(Scott Bessent)预测,未来数年有望增至超过3万亿美元。

Stablecoins May Help Cut U.S. Debt, Says Treasury Sec. Bessent

这种巨大的市场潜力吸引了包括科技公司、加密初创企业、甚至大型零售商(如沃尔玛正考虑稳定币试点)纷纷入局,共同推动稳定币支付生态的发展。

在加密行业内部,稳定币的地位已从单纯的加密资产锚定物,演变为数字经济的底层基础设施,其应用场景和生态建设日益成熟,进一步加速了对传统支付体系的冲击:

  • DeFi(去中心化金融)核心支柱: 稳定币是DeFi生态系统的核心,在借贷、抵押、流动性挖矿和去中心化交易所(DEX)中扮演着不可或缺的角色。巨量的稳定币资金在DeFi协议中流动,证明了其作为数字美元的高效性和广泛接受度。

  • 跨链互操作性增强: 随着跨链技术(如LayerZero等)的进步,USDTUSDC等主流稳定币已实现多链部署,并可通过桥接技术在不同区块链之间无缝流转。例如,Bitfinex支持的Layer 1区块链Stable,就将Tether的USDT作为其原生Gas代币,并集成LayerZero的去中心化USDT0代币,旨在打造一个更高效、低成本的稳定币原生支付网络。

  • 企业级和机构级应用深化: 越来越多的加密机构和Web3企业将稳定币作为其资金管理、支付结算的内部标准。机构投资者也开始利用稳定币进行大额、快速的场外交易(OTC)和跨境结算,大幅降低了传统银行渠道的费用和时间成本。

  • 现实世界资产(RWA)代币化浪潮: 稳定币是RWA与区块链世界连接的桥梁。随着更多现实世界资产被代币化并搬上链,稳定币作为主要的计价和结算工具,其使用场景将进一步扩展至传统金融资产的交易和清算。

  • 新支付轨道建设: 除了Shopify与Stripe、Coinbase的合作,Coinbase自身也推出了支付平台,旨在支持更多电子商务提供商直接接受稳定币支付,并提供1%的USDC返现激励,直接在商家和消费者之间建立新的支付链路,完全绕过传统卡网络。此外,银行技术提供商Fiserv也推出了自己的法币支持代币,帮助小型金融机构跟上支付创新。

这些行业内的密集动作,共同构建了一个日益成熟、功能强大的稳定币支付网络,直接对Visa和万事达卡所依赖的传统支付路由构成了强劲的竞争。

Visa与万事达卡的“反击”与策略

面对稳定币的冲击,Visa和万事达卡正在积极调整战略,试图从“老式的收费者”转变为“各类数字交易的骨干”,即便这些交易最初旨在绕开它们。

主要应对策略包括:

  1. 融合与共存: 两大巨头不再将稳定币视为纯粹的对手,而是试图将其“吸收”到自身网络中。它们历史上有通过整合竞争对手来保持定价权的先例,此次亦是如此。

  2. 技术升级与服务拓展:

    1. 稳定币结算与加密卡: 大力推广其在稳定币结算和加密关联卡方面的能力。

    2. 跨境支付: 强调在跨境支付方面的优势,这与稳定币的流行用例重叠。

    3. 代币化技术: 利用其已有的代币化技术(例如,模糊账户信息以保护消费者),并将其扩展到加密资产。Visa 首席产品和战略官杰克·福雷斯特尔(Jack Forestell)表示,虽然目前代币化主要基于银行账户或信用额度,但“绝对没有理由不能是稳定币或其他加密货币”。

    4. 投资与合作: Visa Ventures 投资了稳定币基础设施提供商 BVNK。万事达卡加入了 Paxos 全球美元网络,支持机构铸造和赎回 USDG 等稳定币,并支持 Fiserv 的 FIUSD、PayPal 的 PYUSD 和 Circle 的 USDC。

    5. 灵活的支付路由: 万事达卡正在探索更精细的支付路由控制,例如小额交易走支票账户,大额交易走信用额度,特定商家的交易可能从加密钱包中扣款——所有这些都与一个单一的支付身份绑定。

万事达卡首席产品官乔恩·兰伯特(Jorn Lambert)认为,稳定币的出现更多是关于“新的用例和新的机会”,而非“取代现有系统”,尤其是在汇款、支付和企业对企业支付领域。

稳定币普及面临的挑战

尽管稳定币前景广阔,但要完全颠覆传统卡网络,尤其是在美国,仍面临诸多挑战:

  1. 消费者习惯与福利: 美国消费者习惯了信用卡提供的奖励、欺诈保护和便捷的信用获取,这些是稳定币目前难以完全替代的优势。

  2. 认知与信任: 对于许多普通消费者而言,加密货币仍然陌生甚至可疑,稳定币余额目前也未享受FDIC保险等传统金融保护。

  3. 商家风险与合规: 采用新支付技术可能给商家带来合规、税务和运营风险,这需要时间和教育来克服。

  4. 监管框架的完善: 尽管美国国会正推进《GENIUS 法案》等稳定币监管立法,这代表着朝着监管迈出了重要一步。然而,一个完整的、全球统一的监管框架仍在建设和完善之中,这给稳定币的大规模普及带来了显著的不确定性。

    1. 缺乏全球共识: 各国和地区在稳定币的定义、发行、储备金要求、反洗钱(AML)和了解你的客户(KYC)标准等方面存在巨大差异。例如,欧盟的MiCA(加密资产市场)法规已相对成熟,而美国则仍在联邦和州层面探索不同的路径。这种碎片化和缺乏全球协调的现状,使得稳定币发行方和使用方难以在全球范围内无缝运作。

    2. 合规成本与风险: 对于跨国运营的稳定币发行方来说,要同时遵守多国不同且有时相互冲突的法规,其合规成本将极其高昂且复杂。这种不确定性也增加了潜在的法律和监管风险,可能导致未来的罚款或业务受限。

    3. 机构顾虑: 传统金融机构、大型企业以及更广泛的投资者,在缺乏明确、稳定的法律和监管指引下,往往会保持观望态度。他们担心未来政策的变动会影响其资产安全或操作合法性,从而限制了稳定币在主流金融体系中的大规模集成和应用。

    4. 消费者保护疑虑: 尽管一些法案致力于保护消费者,但与传统银行存款的联邦保险相比,稳定币的消费者保护机制尚未完全明确和统一,这可能会影响普通用户对其安全性的信心。

    image.png

稳定币能否完全颠覆传统支付体系?

那么,Visa和万事达卡是否会被稳定币颠覆?从目前来看,更可能是一种“演变”而非“彻底颠覆”。

历史表明,无论是移动钱包还是“先买后付”等新型支付方式的出现,都曾引发“颠覆”的警告,但最终都演变成了现有巨头的适应和整合。Visa的福雷斯特尔指出,虽然加密原生用户可以来回发送资金,但若要实现日常用途的广泛普及,就需要“超大规模的连接性”,而这正是Visa和万事达卡能够提供的最佳“入口”。

支付巨头们正利用其庞大的用户基础、全球商家网络、强大的风控能力和品牌信任,将稳定币这种新工具吸纳进其现有生态系统,并为此积极投资和调整技术架构。它们的目标是,让稳定币成为其现有“管道”中的一种新“价值”形式,而非完全替代。

因此,短期内稳定币“一夜之间”完全取代现有卡网络的情景不太可能发生。然而,稳定币带来的压力将持续迫使Visa和万事达卡进行深刻的战略调整和技术创新。未来的支付格局,很可能是一个融合了传统基础设施与区块链技术的混合生态,而 Visa 和万事达卡正积极争取在其中继续扮演核心角色,但它们必须适应并整合这些新的“加密管道”,以保持其在数字支付领域的领导地位。


Twitter:https://twitter.com/BitpushNewsCN

比推 TG 交流群:https://t.me/BitPushCommunity

比推 TG 订阅: https://t.me/bitpush

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

Related Reads

Meta Follows the Trend into Prediction Markets: Can It Avoid Repeating the Failure of the Metaverse?

Meta, the tech giant behind Facebook, has reportedly formed a team to develop "Arena," a new application focused on prediction markets. Users would use platform points to place bets on outcomes in politics, sports, and global events. This move follows Meta's massive, nearly $900 billion, losses from its heavily-invested metaverse division, Reality Labs. The prediction market industry is already showing strong demand, with leading platforms like Kalshi and Polymarket facilitating hundreds of billions in annual volume. Meta, with its 3.56 billion daily active users across its apps, possesses the unprecedented scale to bring this niche activity to a mainstream audience, similar to its past success in cloning features like Stories and Reels. However, Arena faces significant hurdles. Meta plans to start with a points-based system to avoid strict financial regulations, but this may dilute the core incentive of accurate prediction that real-money markets provide. More critically, Meta enters the space with a major trust deficit stemming from its past regulatory battles, notably the failed Libra/Diem stablecoin project, and its controversial history with political content and misinformation. The prediction market sector itself is under increasing regulatory scrutiny, with recent CFTC actions including fines and the first-ever insider trading case. While Meta's vast user base offers a unique opportunity to expand the market, its success hinges on navigating complex regulations and rebuilding the credibility necessary for a platform dealing with sensitive topics like elections. The outcome could range from Meta dramatically growing the industry to Arena becoming a high-profile regulatory target before it can scale.

Foresight News16m ago

Meta Follows the Trend into Prediction Markets: Can It Avoid Repeating the Failure of the Metaverse?

Foresight News16m ago

Stock Soars 1200% on First Day, 80s Sales Engineer's Reversal: From Selling FRP to a Fortune of 29 Billion

On its first day of listing, Zhenbao Technology (stock code "N Zhenbao") surged by 1207%, marking itself as the second "ten-bagger" new stock of the year on the STAR Market. The closing price of 585 yuan propelled it into the top 20 of the A-share market by stock price. Dubbed the "first share of semiconductor consumables," the company is backed by a comprehensive shareholder list including National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund Phase II, SMIC, BOE, and YMTC. Zhenbao's business model focuses on supplying critical consumable components like silicon rings and quartz parts to semiconductor fabs. Unlike expensive core equipment with low repurchase rates, these consumables require frequent replacement as long as production lines are running, generating stable recurring revenue—a key reason for its high market valuation. Founder Wang Bing, an 80s-born former sales engineer, built the company by identifying a supply chain vulnerability: foreign monopolies on high-purity materials led to high costs and unstable deliveries for domestic fabs. Zhenbao's strategy emphasized reliability and speed over absolute top-tier performance, offering products at about 50% of the price with 80% of the performance but 100% on delivery and responsiveness. To achieve this, the company vertically integrated its operations across "raw materials + components + surface treatment," ensuring supply chain control and cost reduction. Its clientele now spans major domestic fabs like BOE and Huahong, as well as international players like SK Hynix and Texas Instruments. However, risks accompany its rapid expansion. The IPO raised approximately 1.605 billion yuan primarily for capacity expansion, which will bring significant annual depreciation costs, potentially impacting future profitability. The company's growth is heavily reliant on sustained high levels of fab expansion, making it vulnerable to the semiconductor industry's cyclical downturns. Other concerns include high accounts receivable (70.83% of revenue at one point in 2025), heavy reliance on its top five customers (over 70% of sales), and questions about the stability and authenticity of its R&D investments, evidenced by volatile R&D headcount and unusual spikes in R&D energy consumption. While the "consumables story" commands a premium, long-term valuation will depend on maintaining high capacity utilization and healthy cash flow conversion.

marsbit22m ago

Stock Soars 1200% on First Day, 80s Sales Engineer's Reversal: From Selling FRP to a Fortune of 29 Billion

marsbit22m ago

Warsh Deals a Heavy Blow to the 'Dollar Devaluation Trade'! Gold Crashes, Bitcoin Slumps, How Long Can the Chip Frenzy Hold?

The "dollar devaluation trade" that dominated Wall Street this year is rapidly unraveling, driven by a hawkish pivot from Fed Chairman Kevin Warsh and a surging U.S. dollar. This double pressure has triggered a sharp sell-off in non-yielding assets. Gold broke below $4,000 an ounce, silver tumbled below $60, and Bitcoin fell under $60,000, with all retreating significantly from their earlier 2025 peaks. The dollar index hit a 14-month high. Warsh's emphasis on price stability has solidified market expectations for aggressive rate hikes, increasing the opportunity cost of holding assets like precious metals. Concurrently, massive fund flows are rotating out of metals and cryptocurrencies into the semiconductor sector, providing a temporary boost to stocks like Micron and SK Hynix. However, analysts warn this chip rally shows signs of a speculative top. Extreme volatility, with semiconductor stocks seeing trillion-dollar swings, is historically characteristic of major market turning points. Factors like month-end rebalancing, a flood of new equity issuance, and insider selling further signal potential exhaustion. While Micron's strong earnings briefly stemmed selling, it may offer a favorable exit point for remaining chip bulls. The sustainability of the semiconductor frenzy is now in serious doubt as the broader market reprices assets around a stronger dollar and tighter monetary policy.

华尔街日报30m ago

Warsh Deals a Heavy Blow to the 'Dollar Devaluation Trade'! Gold Crashes, Bitcoin Slumps, How Long Can the Chip Frenzy Hold?

华尔街日报30m ago

Micron Shuts Up the Bears, Makes India's 'Buffett' Regret: Sold Too Early, Missed Out on $2 Billion

Indian value investor Mohnish Pabrai, a disciple of Warren Buffett, revealed his costly mistake of selling shares in Micron Technology too early. He initially invested in 2017, holding it for six years and building a position as large as 77% of his portfolio, based on a thesis that the memory chip industry would consolidate into a stable oligopoly of Samsung, SK Hynix, and Micron. However, he sold his entire stake in September 2023, fearing oversupply after Samsung announced production expansion. Shortly after his exit, demand for high-bandwidth memory (HBM) surged with the rise of AI, and Micron's stock price skyrocketed over 15 times in two years. Pabrai estimates this premature sale cost him roughly $20 billion in potential gains. He expressed similar regret over selling his investment in SK Hynix too soon, stating he violated his own principle of holding companies forever. Reflecting on these errors, Pabrai emphasized his core investment checklist principles: avoiding leverage, focusing on the durability of a company's competitive moat, and assessing management's character. Despite these personal trading missteps, his long-term view on the remaining memory chip leaders remains bullish, advising current holders not to sell as "the party is just getting started." He concluded by sharing his philosophical outlook, prioritizing character over wealth, and his goal to donate his entire fortune before his passing.

marsbit1h ago

Micron Shuts Up the Bears, Makes India's 'Buffett' Regret: Sold Too Early, Missed Out on $2 Billion

marsbit1h ago

Mihoyo's Next Protagonist Is Her, Who Plays the Piano

Mihoyo, widely recognized for its hit game Genshin Impact, has long harbored a grander ambition: creating a virtual world where one billion people would want to live. While its character design is unparalleled, the company recognizes a fundamental limitation—these beloved virtual characters are not truly "alive." Their dialogue and actions are pre-scripted. This drive for authentic "living" characters has guided Mihoyo's strategic investments in cutting-edge fields like brain-computer interfaces, AI (including an early investment in MiniMax), and nuclear fusion. Following the release of ChatGPT in late 2022, co-founder Cai Haoyu stepped down from management to lead a new overseas AI venture, Anuttacon, focused on creating AI-driven virtual beings. Mihoyo's path has involved experimentation and iteration. Anuttacon's early project, *Whisper of the Stars*, showcased real-time AI conversation but revealed limitations in underlying language models. The team subsequently focused its resources on developing a sophisticated "emotional" large language model, distinct from purely utilitarian AI. Co-founder Liu Wei (Dawei) announced plans to invest up to 100 billion RMB in this AI pursuit. The first tangible product of this vision is *BSide: Olivia Lin*, a free Steam application featuring a piano-playing virtual companion. Unlike typical AI chatbots demanding constant interaction, Olivia Lin operates on a slower, more deliberate rhythm—responding to letters, playing user-submitted melodies, and serving as a desktop presence. This design emphasizes "lifelikeness" over exhaustive conversation, strategically working around current technological constraints while building a sense of authentic connection. The company's journey traces back to its name, "miHoYo," where "mi" pays homage to the virtual singer Hatsune Miku. For nearly two decades, fans have loved Miku, a character unaware of their devotion. Mihoyo's ultimate goal, now backed by massive investment and AI research, is to bridge that gap—to create virtual beings that can truly know they are loved.

marsbit2h ago

Mihoyo's Next Protagonist Is Her, Who Plays the Piano

marsbit2h ago

Trading

Spot
Futures
活动图片