600亿美元资产自主托管,“稳定币第一股”Circle申请联邦信托银行牌照

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-07-01Last updated on 2025-07-01

Abstract

Circle申请设立美国首家“国家数字货币银行”,抢占稳定币合规制高点。

原创 | Odaily星球日报(@OdailyChina

作者 | Ethan(@ethanzhang_web3

600亿美元资产自主托管,“稳定币第一股”Circle申请联邦信托银行牌照

美东时间 6 月 30 日,稳定币 USDC 发行商、“稳定币第一股”Circle(CRCL)宣布,已正式向美国货币监理署(OCC)提交申请,拟设立一家名为 “第一国家数字货币银行(First National Digital Currency Bank, N.A.)” 的联邦信托银行。

根据 Circle 官网公告,一旦获批,该银行将成为 Circle 首个受联邦监管的托管实体,不仅可自主管理其超过 600 亿美元的 USDC 储备资产,还将为机构客户提供数字资产(尤其是代币化债券、股票)托管服务。

与传统银行不同,该牌照不允许吸收现金存款或发放贷款,更接近“联邦信托公司”模式。目前美国仅有 Anchorage Digital 一家获得同类牌照,Circle 或将成为稳定币发行领域首个自有托管牌照持有者。

为何申请?Circle 的“新金融架构”野心逐步显形

这并非一次短期业务调整,而是 Circle 作为“稳定币基建提供者”的全盘战略推进。

6 月中旬通过的《GENIUS 法案》正推动稳定币走入“受监管、合规公开”的时代,其中对托管资产隔离、透明披露、监管金融机构资格提出明确要求。(详情推荐:《重塑全球金融“水电煤”:《GENIUS 法案》如何点燃 Circle 与稳定币“监管牛市”?》

Circle 若获准设立联邦信托银行,不仅能够跳过传统银行托管(如现阶段的纽约梅隆银行),还能绕开外部监管盲点,把核心资产掌控权拿回手中,大大提升业务韧性。

与其说 Circle 是在申请牌照,不如说是在搭建未来的“数字美元操作系统”。无论是 USDC 发行、RWA 托管,还是与 Visa、Stripe 等的支付结算合作,都需要稳定币底层架构具备更强的自控性与合规属性。

Circle 此举不仅是托管权变更,更是其作为“美元链上化执行器”的地位自我确立。

市场评论

此消息公布后,业内普遍认为 Circle 此举是与美国监管的“深度融合”,甚至可视作“稳定币国家化”进程的重要一步。

加密投资人、外汇交易员 Mr.Man 认为,如果这张牌照获批,Circle 将作为受联邦监管的信托银行,直接接入美联储支付系统。USDC 将能够像传统清算行的资金一样,在美联储金融管道中自由进出,不再依赖中间银行。

技术分析师、加密内容创作者 ALLINCRYPTO 表示,一旦获批,Circle 可直接为机构提供数字资产托管,让主流企业更便捷地集成 USDC。

一些机构投资者认为,Circle 在合规赛道已遥遥领先,特别是在已获得欧盟 MiCA 授权、阿布扎比 MSB 原则性许可后,“OCC+GENIUS”体系下的联邦牌照将为其打开全球央行级客户的大门。

不过也有部分声音持谨慎态度,花旗分析师表示:“虽然长期趋势看涨,但稳定币的商业模型还未跑通,Circle 当前市值溢价已较为激进。”根据数据机构 S3 Partners 统计数据,Circle 自上市以来空头仓位逐日递增,目前已成为美股区块链板块中空头最集中的标的之一。

结语:Circle 不是要做银行,是要重新定义“美元的银行”

Circle 想申请的,不是我们理解中的商业银行,而是新型美元数字金融载体的架构设计者。

它不做放贷、不吸储、不插手利率市场,而是专注于链上美元、链上资产、链上结算的基础服务。这与 Tether 主打交易性不同,Circle 押注的,是未来十年稳定币如何被国家、机构乃至清算系统纳入的基建级战场。(详情推荐:《Circle 和 Tether 或许不是同一物种的竞争,稳定币价值实现层级模型如是说》

IPO 是融资节点,持牌是合规基石,能否成为“链上美元主权代理人”,现在就看这张牌照批不批了。

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