从zk.money终结到公测崛起,Aztec的隐私新生路

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-05-06Last updated on 2025-05-06

Abstract

对于社区用户而言,Aztec 能否将早期用户的贡献转化为实际激励,仍是核心关注点。

原创 | Odaily星球日报(@OdailyChina

作者 | 叮当(@XiaMiPP

从zk.money终结到公测崛起,Aztec的隐私新生路

5 月 2 日,基于 ZK Rollup 的隐私和扩容解决方案 Aztec 宣布,其公共测试网正式上线。该网络利用零知识证明技术,致力于实现高效的隐私交易,并为 DApp 开发者提供安全、匿名的去中心化应用开发环境,标志着 Aztec 在以太坊隐私生态中迈出了关键一步。

随后,以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik 就在 X 平台上积极与 Aztec 互动:“隐私一直是真正的 Alpha。”这一表态不仅是对 Aztec 技术的高度认可,也延续了他与 Aztec 长达五年的交流之谊,为公测网上线增添了重量级背书。

从zk.money终结到公测崛起,Aztec的隐私新生路

Vitalik 与 Aztec:技术共创与理念共鸣

Vitalk 与 Aztec 的渊源可追溯至 2020 年。彼时,他以首位参与者(Participant #0)的身份加入 Aztec 的“AZTEC CRS”(可信设置仪式),为零知识证明系统奠定了信任基石。Vitalik 不仅亲自参与,还开发了 Python 实现来运行仪式,展现出对 Aztec 技术的浓厚兴趣。同年 3 月,他在 X 平台盛赞 Aztec 的“ZK ZK Rollup”创新,认为其融合隐私保护与 Layer 2 扩展性的设计是以太坊生态的重大突破。

2021 年 10 月,Vitalik 进一步以个人投资者身份参与了 Aztec Labs 的 1700 万美元 A 轮融资,携手a16z、Paradigm 等顶级机构,为项目注入强劲资本动能。2025 年 4 月,Vitalik 发布以太坊隐私路线图,强调隐私支付和匿名链上活动的重要性,与 Aztec 的 StealthNote(匿名举报平台)等项目高度契合。

技术内核:PLONK 引领隐私赛道

Aztec 由 Aztec Labs 开发,成立于 2018 年,核心团队汇聚了来自以太坊基金会、ConsenSys 等加密先驱组织的顶尖人才。其技术核心在于隐私优先的 ZK-Rollup 架构,通过零知识证明实现数据加密,不仅保障交易隐私,还将 Gas 费用降低至传统以太坊交易的 1/80 至 1/100 。此外,Aztec 推出了 Noir 编程语言,大幅简化了隐私智能合约的开发流程,为 DApp 开发者提供了直观且强大的工具。

在技术创新中,Aztec 原创的 PLONK 证明系统尤为亮眼作为一种高效、灵活的零知识证明协议,PLONK 以其优越的计算性能和通用性,不仅支撑了 Aztec 的隐私交易,还被 StarkNet、zkSync 等主流 ZK 项目广泛采用,成为隐私赛道的标杆技术。相较传统 ZK-SNARKs,PLONK 在计算效率和开发者友好性上的突破显著降低了隐私应用的开发门槛,为以太坊生态的隐私扩展开辟了全新路径。PLONK 的通用可信设置(Trusted Setup)由 Vitalik Buterin 等社区领袖参与,进一步巩固了其安全性和公信力,使其被誉为隐私赛道的“技术基石”,影响力远超 Aztec 项目本身。

注:可信设置作为零知识证明方案中的固有“后门”,一直是技术优化的重点。传统可信设置依赖多方参与生成密钥,若设置不当,可能导致系统安全性受损。Aztec 通过 PLONK 的创新设计显著优化了这一环节,其通用可信设置允许单一设置支持多种电路,减少了对重复仪式的依赖,大幅提升了效率和安全性。

关停风波:突如其来的战略转向

自成立以来,Aztec 总计进行过四轮融资,B 轮融资更是筹集了 1 亿美金,融资总额高达 1.19 亿美元。而在 3 个月后,也就是 2023 年 3 月 13 日,在融资成功的余温尚未消退之际,Aztec 突然宣布将逐步关停隐私桥 Aztec Connect,并禁用 zk.money 等前端的资金存入功能,用户可在一年内免费提款。2024 年 5 月,Aztec 正式放弃 zk.money 的所有权。

在当时,隐私转账协议 zk.money 和隐私桥 Aztec Connect 是 Aztec 推出的两款旗舰产品。依靠 zk.money 和 Aztec Connect,用户可以在不暴露自身信息(地址、资金等等)的情况下自由转账,并安全地访问 Lido、Element、Aave、Compound、Uniswap 等多个主流 DeFi 协议,吸引了超过 10 万名交互用户。

关停公告的突然发布让许多用户措手不及,在加密社区内掀起密集讨论。虽然有人在探究 Aztec 转型的原因,推测认为监管压力才是背后的主因所在 ,但是 Aztec 官方否认了这一说法,强调是基于商业考量的战略调整。分析来看,Aztec 确实可能希望将资源集中于更具长期价值的方向——构建全栈隐私解决方案,而非局限于 DeFi 桥接服务。2024 年 8 月,Aztec 推出 Devnet 并启动早期开发者激励计划,吸引开发者部署隐私应用,显示出其向更广泛生态转型的决心。

但更广泛地讨论仍然集中在“羊毛党内”。作为 ZK 赛道的明星项目,再加之a16z、Paradigm 等顶级加密资本的加持,Aztec 一度是空投预期的热门标的,用户为参与交互支付了高昂的以太坊 Gas 费用(当时单笔交易成本有时高达几十甚至上百美元)。不少用户认为随着 zk.money 和 Aztec Connect 的关停,其过往为了埋伏该项目空投所付出的交互成本将付之东流。确实,尽管 Aztec 在公告中感谢了社区支持,但的确未明确如何量化用户贡献。

如今,Aztec Network 公测网上线,为开发者提供了一个测试 Noir 编程语言和隐私功能的理想平台,助力构建安全、匿名的 DApp。Aztec 同步推出 15 万美元资助计划,鼓励开发者探索与其他 Layer 2 网络的互操作性,展现了对开放生态的承诺。目前,公测网主要面向技术开发者,普通用户暂无直接参与机会,但关注 Aztec 的 X 账号、Discord 社区及官网是获取最新动态的最佳途径。

对于社区用户而言,Aztec 能否将早期用户(如 zk.money 和 Aztec Connect 交互者)的贡献转化为实际激励,仍是核心关注点。尽管官方尚未明确回应,但公测网的上线无疑为 Aztec 的去中心化愿景注入新动力,也为以太坊隐私生态的未来增添了无限可能。

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