巨鲸游戏终结?DeFi 2.0必须解决的五大资本困局

marsbitPublished on 2025-04-22Last updated on 2025-04-22

超越激励:如何构建持久的DeFi

耶稣·罗德里格斯(Jesus Rodriguez)提出了DeFi项目吸引和留住用户的八种方法,这些方法不依赖于流动性挖矿。

随着BeraChain、TON、Plume、Sonic等新公链的涌现,DeFi正迎来新一轮增长。每条新链都伴随着大量激励措施,以高额收益吸引用户,让人想起2021年流动性挖矿的早期盛况。

但这一切可持续吗?每条新链都在努力建立势头,但它们都不可避免地面临同样的困境:如何构建可持续的生态系统,使其在激励计划结束后仍能存活?

激励措施仍然是加密领域最强大的冷启动工具之一,能有效解决吸引用户和流动性的问题。然而,激励只是一个起点。最终目标是在DeFi协议周围建立自给自足的经济活动。

尽管DeFi市场整体已大幅发展,但依赖激励的增长模式几乎没有改变。要让DeFi在新阶段蓬勃发展,这些策略必须适应当前的资本动态。

DeFi资本形成的关键挑战

尽管激励计划显然必要,但大多数最终失败或效果不佳。当前的DeFi市场结构与2021年大不相同,那时运行激励计划相对简单。如今市场已变,在考虑DeFi资本形成时,有几个关键问题值得关注:

1. 公链数量远超优质协议

在传统软件生态中,平台(Layer1)通常会催生更多样化的应用(Layer2及以上)。但今天的DeFi格局恰恰相反。Movement、Berachain、Sei、Monad(即将推出)等数十条新公链已经或即将上线,而真正具备吸引力的DeFi协议却寥寥无几,仅有Ether.fi、Kamino、Pendle等少数几个佼佼者。结果?碎片化的市场格局,公链争相争夺同一批优质协议。

2. 本周期未催生新“赌徒”

尽管公链数量激增,但活跃的DeFi投资者数量并未同步增长。用户体验摩擦、复杂的金融机制以及钱包/交易所分布不均,都限制了新用户的进入。正如我的一位朋友所说:“这个周期没铸造出多少新赌徒。” 结果就是资本分散,用户在各生态间追逐收益,而非深度参与单一生态。

3. TVL(总锁仓量)碎片化

这种资本碎片化正在TVL数据中显现。随着更多公链和协议争夺同一批有限的用户和资金,我们看到的是稀释而非增长。理想情况下,资本流入速度应快于公链和协议的增长速度。否则,资本只会越来越分散,削弱单个生态的潜在影响力。

4. 机构兴趣浓厚,但零售基础设施不足

尽管零售用户主导了DeFi的叙事,但实际上,机构推动了大部分交易量和流动性。讽刺的是,许多新公链生态缺乏机构所需的集成、托管支持和基础设施,导致难以吸引机构资金。没有机构通道,吸引大规模流动性将是一场艰苦的战斗。

5. 激励低效与市场配置不当

许多新DeFi协议上线时市场配置不佳,导致资金池失衡、滑点问题或激励错配。这些低效往往使内部人士和巨鲸 disproportionately 受益,而对长期价值创造贡献甚微。

超越激励的构建方式

激励计划的终极目标是催化有机活动,使其在奖励枯竭后仍能持续。虽然没有确保成功的蓝图,但以下几个基础要素可以提高构建持久DeFi生态的几率。

1. 真正的生态效用

最困难但最重要的目标是构建具备非金融实用性的生态。TON、Unichain和Hyperliquid等公链是早期范例,它们的代币效用超越了纯粹收益。然而,大多数新公链缺乏这种基础效用,只能严重依赖激励吸引关注。

2. 强大的稳定币基础

稳定币是任何功能性DeFi经济的基石。一个有效的方法通常包括两种主要稳定币,以锚定借贷市场并建立深度AMM(自动化做市商)流动性。设计合理的稳定币组合对解锁早期借贷和交易活动至关重要。

3. 主流资产流动性

除了稳定币,BTC和ETH等蓝筹资产的深度流动性降低了大型资本配置者的摩擦。这种流动性对吸引机构资金和实现资本高效的DeFi策略至关重要。

4. DEX流动性深度

AMM池的流动性常被忽视,但实际上,滑点风险可能破坏大额交易并抑制活动。建立深厚、稳健的DEX流动性是任何严肃DeFi生态的前提。

5. 借贷市场基础设施

借贷是DeFi的基础原语。一个深度的借贷市场(尤其是稳定币市场)能解锁各种有机金融策略。稳健的借贷市场自然能补充DEX流动性并提高资本效率。

6. 机构托管集成

Fireblocks或BitGo等托管基础设施持有加密领域的大部分机构资金。如果没有直接集成,资本配置者实际上被排除在新生态之外。尽管常被忽视,但这是机构参与的关键门槛。

7. 跨链桥基础设施

在当今碎片化的DeFi世界中,互操作性至关重要。LayerZero、Axelar和Wormhole等跨链桥是跨链转移价值的关键基础设施。具备无缝跨链支持的生态更有可能吸引和留住资本。

8. 无形因素

除了基础设施,还有一些微妙但关键的因素影响成功。与顶级预言机的集成、经验丰富的做市商的存在,以及吸引知名DeFi协议的能力,都有助于启动繁荣的生态。这些无形因素往往决定新公链的成败。

DeFi中的可持续资本形成

大多数激励计划未能兑现最初的承诺。过度乐观、激励错配和资本碎片化是常见原因。因此,新计划常被质疑是为内部人士谋利,这并不奇怪。然而,激励仍然必不可少。如果设计得当,它们能有效启动生态并创造持久价值。

成功生态的区别不在于激励计划的规模,而在于后续发展。 

稳定的稳定币基础、深厚的AMM和借贷流动性、机构通道以及精心设计的用户流程,才是可持续增长的基石。

激励不是终点,而是起点。 而在今天的DeFi中,激励挖矿之外,显然还有更广阔的生命力。

Related Reads

Robinhood Chain Mainnet Goes Live: Can Stocks Finally Be Moved Into Wallets?

Robinhood has officially launched its public mainnet, Robinhood Chain, along with stock-like tokens, the USDG yield product, and a DeFi lending portal. This marks a significant shift where a major online broker is integrating its user interface, regulatory compliance, self-custody wallet, and on-chain protocols into a single, streamlined experience. The goal is to simplify access to stock exposure, stablecoin yields, collateralized lending, and AMM trading for mainstream users. Eligible non-U.S. users can hold these "Stock Tokens"—structured as tokenized debt securities—in the Robinhood Wallet for 24/7 exposure to assets like U.S. stocks or ETFs. U.S. users can access an estimated ~7% APY on dollar-backed USDG through the Robinhood Earn program via self-custody wallets, with lending infrastructure powered by Morpho protocol. Built as a Layer 2 on Arbitrum, Robinhood Chain leverages existing DeFi protocols like Uniswap. The core strategy is not to reinvent DeFi but to channel Robinhood's large traditional finance user base (27.4 million funded customers as of Q1 2026) into on-chain finance, lowering the technical barriers. However, key limitations exist. The stock tokens are not direct equity ownership and are unavailable in the U.S. and some jurisdictions due to regulatory constraints. The ~7% yield is variable and carries inherent DeFi risks, not guaranteed principal protection. Furthermore, while AMMs enable trading, price discovery for major stocks will likely remain anchored in traditional markets like NASDAQ for the foreseeable future. Ultimately, Robinhood Chain is an early experiment in "on-chain brokerage." Its success will depend on real-world metrics like trading volume, sustained user migration to self-custody, stable yield performance, and regulatory feedback, rather than its launch narrative.

marsbit3m ago

Robinhood Chain Mainnet Goes Live: Can Stocks Finally Be Moved Into Wallets?

marsbit3m ago

Circle CEO Responds to OUSD Challenge: Stablecoin Market Is 'Winner-Takes-All', Consortium Model Doomed to Fail

Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire addresses market concerns following the announcement of the Open USD (OUSD) stablecoin project backed by 140 global companies. Allaire argues the stablecoin market exhibits "winner-takes-all" dynamics due to powerful network effects. He cites USDC's near-decade lead in three key areas: 1) **Application Integration & Protocol Development**: Thousands of integrated services and protocols (like CCTP) create utility and lock-in for developers and users. 2) **Liquidity Network Effects**: A deeply embedded, globally distributed liquidity infrastructure across primary and secondary markets, built over years. 3) **Regulatory Integration**: Extensive licensing and compliance groundwork ensuring USDC's acceptance in major markets like Europe and Japan. Allaire challenges OUSD's proposed advantages. He contends that promises of free redemption, while appealing, face market realities where such models can become exit routes for other stablecoins. He also questions the feasibility of fully distributing all revenue to an alliance, stating it would "starve" the critical infrastructure investments needed for scale and utility. Furthermore, he expresses skepticism about large alliance governance models, noting they often lead to slow decision-making and misaligned incentives. While welcoming OUSD to the ecosystem, Allaire reaffirms confidence in USDC's dominant position, backed by its long-term infrastructure investments and strong partnerships, including its ongoing collaboration with Coinbase.

marsbit5m ago

Circle CEO Responds to OUSD Challenge: Stablecoin Market Is 'Winner-Takes-All', Consortium Model Doomed to Fail

marsbit5m ago

Circle CEO Responds to OUSD Challenge: Alliance Model Doomed to Fail, It's a 'Winner-Takes-All' Game

Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire addresses the challenge posed by the new Open USD (OUSD) stablecoin project, backed by 140 global companies. He argues that the stablecoin market exhibits "winner-take-all" characteristics, where USDC's near-decade-long lead in application integrations, global liquidity, and regulatory compliance secures its dominant position. Allaire outlines three key network effects underpinning USDC's strength: 1) Extensive integration as an internet protocol layer, 2) Deep, globally distributed liquidity networks, and 3) Deep integration with global policy and regulatory frameworks. He cites data showing USDC facilitated 80% of on-chain USD stablecoin transaction volume in Q1 2026. He directly counters OUSD's proposed advantages: 1) "Free minting and redemption" may not be sustainable against market realities, which USDC addresses via contractual mechanisms. 2) "Sharing all revenue" risks starving the infrastructure of necessary investment for growth and reliability. 3) A "consortium model" often leads to slow innovation and poor coordination compared to focused, independent operators like Circle. Allaire reaffirms Circle's strong partnership with Coinbase and notes that Circle continues to collaborate with many OUSD founding members. He concludes by welcoming OUSD to the ecosystem while expressing confidence in USDC's entrenched network advantages and continued expansion.

Odaily星球日报8m ago

Circle CEO Responds to OUSD Challenge: Alliance Model Doomed to Fail, It's a 'Winner-Takes-All' Game

Odaily星球日报8m ago

dYdX Changes Tack and Starts Anew, This Time Partnering with Robinhood: Will It Succeed?

On July 1st, dYdX Labs, in partnership with Robinhood Crypto, launched the Beta version of Arcus, a new decentralized exchange (DEX). Deployed on the newly launched Robinhood Chain (an L2 built on Arbitrum), Arcus supports spot trading for 95 tokenized stocks and plans to introduce cross-asset perpetual contracts. This marks a separate, new product line for the dYdX team, distinct from the existing dYdX Chain. Arcus's core features promise 24/7 trading, self-custody, and institutional-grade liquidity. Initial offerings include zero-fee web-based spot trading and a perpetual contracts testnet. Future plans involve using tokenized stocks as collateral and providing access to Pre-IPO investments. The platform is not available to users in the US, Canada, the UK, and other restricted jurisdictions. This move follows dYdX's v4 upgrade, which, while achieving full decentralization, faced criticism over performance and tokenomics, leading to a loss of market share. Arcus represents a strategic pivot, leveraging Robinhood's vast user base to target the RWA (Real World Assets) sector and global 24/7 trading. The dYdX Foundation clarified that Arcus is a parallel product incubated by dYdX Labs, and the original dYdX Chain continues to operate independently. While no official token plans have been announced, market participants speculate about potential new tokens or airdrops from the Arcus project.

Foresight News15m ago

dYdX Changes Tack and Starts Anew, This Time Partnering with Robinhood: Will It Succeed?

Foresight News15m ago

Trading

Spot
活动图片