以太坊正酝酿一场以 ZK 技术为主导深层次的技术变革

深潮TechFlowPublished on 2025-04-21Last updated on 2025-04-21

Abstract

以太坊试图构建的并非仅是更高效的执行层,而是一个能够兼容多种虚拟机的模块化架构。


撰文:Haotian
有朋友问我如何看 @VitalikButerin 提出用开源的 RISC-V 指令集架构替换以太坊虚拟机 EVM 字节码的激进方案?本质上,就是以太坊正酝酿一场以 ZK 技术为主导深层次的技术变革。来,我来梳理下背后的战略逻辑:
1)首先,Vitalik 提出将 EVM 替换为 RISC-V 的观点其实并不新鲜。早在提出 Rollup-Centric 扩容战略时,他就已经暗示过类似思路:让符合条件的 layer2 都可以成为主网的执行层,而 EVM 从协议层降级为「编内」Rollup 执行客户端功能层,成为众多 AltVM 之一。
这一转变的实现关键在于 RISC-V 作为更底层、更通用的指令集架构,能够为 zkVM 提供统一的「硬件」基础,从而使各种不同的执行环境能在同一框架下高效运行。而这一架构变革必须建立在以太坊完成底层 SNARKs 化部署的基础上,因为只有当 ZK 技术能够大规模应用于状态验证时,这种模块化的执行层架构才能在保证安全性的同时实现效率提升。
2)老实说,以太坊的这一战略调整乍看有「破釜沉舟、回炉再造」的魄力,但深层次剖析,执行层的可替代性其实是以太坊这类老牌强共识公链的必经之路。面对 Solana、Sui 等新锐公链凭借极致 TPS 形成的技术冲击,以及大量 EVM 兼容链的市场分流,以太坊选择与其被动挨打,不如主动出击。
因为,纯技术指标对比下,以太坊的 TPS 确实难以与 Solana、Sui 等新公链抗衡,但在三难困境中,以太坊始终坚守安全性和去中心化这两大核心价值,同时维系着无可匹敌的生态繁荣度和开发者群体。
若以太坊尝试用 RISC-V 这一开源指令集架构来提升执行层效率,特别是在 ZK 证明方面预期可带来 50-100 倍的性能飞跃,这种在不牺牲根基的前提下迭代执行层的策略,既保留了以太坊的核心优势,又直面解决其主要短板,何乐而不为?
3)不过为新提案兴奋喝彩之余要明白,EVM 向 RISC-V 的转型绝非一蹴而就的工程。从技术实现路径看,这一变革很可能需要等到 ZK-SNARKs 技术实现规模化部署后才能全面推进。
相较于过去几年以太坊核心层面的重大升级(如从 PoW 到 PoS 的共识层升级),理想情况下,整个过程需要严谨设计,广泛测试和强大社区支持,估计至少需要 2-3 年的周期。
然而,Vitalik 在提案中强调了向后兼容性,或许现有 EVM 合约将通过 RISC-V 解释器运行或并行支持机制继续存在,这对于减轻开发者和用户的过渡成本至关重要。这种渐进式变革策略,也是以太坊作为安全去中心化老公链必然要具备的稳健战略迭代风格。
在我看来,Vitalik 提出 RISC-V 替换 EVM 的提案,不仅是简单的技术架构调整,而是以太坊面对高性能公链竞争的主动应对革新策略。这一提案与以太坊路线图中的 Verge、Purge 等升级紧密相关,本质都是围绕底层 SNARKs 化展开,目标是建立更高效、更灵活的执行环境,以支撑未来多元化的应用场景。
之前, @drakefjustin 透露以太坊基金会将向 zkVMs 项目投资数千万美元,毫无疑问,zkVM 确实是以太坊未来的核心叙事之一,以太坊试图构建的并非仅是更高效的执行层,而是一个能够兼容多种虚拟机的模块化架构。这次 RISC-V 替换 EVM 的讨论可能只是一个开始。

Trending Cryptos

Related Reads

A Year Consumes a Solid-State Drive: Codex Log Bug Slammed as 'Slopware'

OpenAI's flagship AI coding tool, Codex, was found to have a critical bug causing its feedback logging system to silently and rapidly wear out users' SSDs. A developer reported that Codex was writing approximately 640 TB of data per year to a local SQLite database (`logs_2.sqlite`) through a constant cycle of inserting and immediately deleting log entries, primarily at the verbose TRACE level. While the database file itself remained around 1 GB, the underlying write-amplification from SQLite's WAL mechanism meant the physical SSD endured the full write load. This was enough to exceed the typical 600 TBW endurance rating of a consumer SSD within a year. The root cause was a hardcoded default logging level (`Level::TRACE`) in the configuration, which overrode any user attempts to reduce logging via environment variables. Analysis showed that over 96% of the logged data—including noisy WebSocket packet dumps and repeated system file events—was useless debug information. The issue, which had at least nine related bug reports in the Codex repository, remained latent because it didn't visibly consume disk space, only silently accumulated write cycles. After the report gained traction on Hacker News, OpenAI merged fixes estimated to reduce writes by about 85%. However, even post-fix, the tool would still write an estimated 96 TB annually. The incident sparked broader criticism of "slopware" in AI-assisted development tools, highlighting a lack of resource budgeting for disk, CPU, and memory in always-on agent software, and a reliance on modern hardware to mask inefficient code. Competing tools like Claude Code were noted to have similar issues.

marsbit7m ago

A Year Consumes a Solid-State Drive: Codex Log Bug Slammed as 'Slopware'

marsbit7m ago

Robinhood Chain Mainnet Launch Ignites Industry Shockwaves: Rally of Top Protocols, but Leaves dYdX in a Deep Pit

Robinhood's launch of its Layer 2 blockchain, Robinhood Chain, and a suite of new crypto products has significantly impacted the market. The announcement, made ahead of its Q2 earnings, caused the company's stock to rise 8.35%. The chain, built on Arbitrum Orbit, aims to be an institutional-grade, AI-native infrastructure optimized for Real World Assets (RWA). Key product launches include tokenized stocks available globally via various DEXs, perpetual contracts with fee incentives, and a decentralized lending product called Robinhood Earn offering yields on USDG stablecoin. The company is also expanding its AI trading tools to crypto. The move has attracted major protocols like Uniswap and Chainlink to its ecosystem. However, a partnership with dYdX to launch a new DEX called Arcus on Robinhood Chain sparked controversy. The dYdX community expressed concerns that the core team's focus on this new, independent platform could divert resources and liquidity away from the existing dYdX Chain, potentially diluting the value of the DYDX token. Despite assurances from dYdX's founder about shared interests and potential future token allocations for the dYdX community, the DYDX token price dropped roughly 40.7% following the news. Amidst slowing crypto revenue growth, Robinhood is leveraging its large user base and financial expertise to expand globally and transform from an internet broker into a broader financial gateway through its new blockchain initiative.

链捕手8m ago

Robinhood Chain Mainnet Launch Ignites Industry Shockwaves: Rally of Top Protocols, but Leaves dYdX in a Deep Pit

链捕手8m ago

The Trillion-Dollar Credit Market Leveraged by Stablecoins, Stuck in Off-Chain Risk Control

**Stablecoins Fueling Trillion-Dollar Private Credit Market, Hampered by Off-Chain Risk Management** This article examines how interest-bearing stablecoins are replicating the business model of money market funds to democratize access to the $2 trillion private credit market, while highlighting the significant risks posed by inadequate off-chain risk controls. Historically, private credit investments had high minimums (e.g., $1 million+) due to costly due diligence and loan servicing. Stablecoins like Apollo's ACRED and Figure's YLDS are bridging this gap. They tokenize institutional credit funds, allowing small investors to gain exposure and enabling new functionalities like using these tokens as collateral in DeFi for leveraged yield. The on-chain private credit market has grown 15x in a year to $5.87 billion, yet remains a tiny fraction of the global total. However, the core challenge is not blockchain technology but managing the inherent risks of lending, which occur off-chain. The failure of Goldfinch, a pioneer in on-chain private credit, serves as a stark warning. It raised funds in crypto (USDC) to lend to small businesses in markets like Kenya and Nigeria. While smart contracts handled fund distribution, critical functions—local due diligence, monitoring loan use, and debt collection—relied on off-chain partners. A major breach, where a local partner misappropriated nearly 40% of funds, went undetected for months. When borrowers defaulted, crypto depositors had no effective legal recourse or means to seize assets, leaving $56 million trapped in non-performing loans with a projected 8-15 year recovery timeline. The article concludes that tokenization addresses only 10% of the credit business—the distribution. The remaining 90%—rigorous risk assessment and collection infrastructure—is expensive and localization-dependent. Without solving these fundamental off-chain challenges, the sector risks repeating Goldfinch's collapse.

Foresight News52m ago

The Trillion-Dollar Credit Market Leveraged by Stablecoins, Stuck in Off-Chain Risk Control

Foresight News52m ago

Solana Expands Validator Power With Launch of On-Chain Governance

Solana has formally launched its on-chain governance system, empowering token holders and validators with a more open and decentralized way to influence major protocol decisions. Governance debates and voting are now conducted entirely on-chain using the new Solana Governance Proposals (SGP) framework, supported by stake-weighted voting and cryptographic verification. Validators with at least 100,000 SOL in delegated stake can submit an SGP. To proceed to a formal vote, a proposal must first gain support from at least 15% of the network's total staked SOL, ensuring only ideas with significant backing move forward. SGPs serve a distinct purpose from the technical Solana Improvement Documents (SIMDs). While SIMDs focus on *how* to implement protocol upgrades, SGPs determine *whether* the broader ecosystem believes a proposal should proceed, via an on-chain, stake-weighted vote. This separation allows core developers to continue building effectively while reserving community-wide votes for impactful decisions. A key feature grants delegators greater control: they can now override their validator's governance vote. If a validator votes against a delegator's preference or abstains, the delegator can cast a vote directly using their own stake weight through Solana's governance portal. The voting process is secured using Merkle proofs to verify participant stakes against an on-chain consensus snapshot. With this implementation, Solana aims to broaden community participation in governance without hindering development, combining decentralized decision-making with efficient protocol evolution.

TheNewsCrypto1h ago

Solana Expands Validator Power With Launch of On-Chain Governance

TheNewsCrypto1h ago

Trading

Spot

Hot Articles

How to Buy ZK

Welcome to HTX.com! We've made purchasing ZKsync (ZK) simple and convenient. Follow our step-by-step guide to embark on your crypto journey.Step 1: Create Your HTX AccountUse your email or phone number to sign up for a free account on HTX. Experience a hassle-free registration journey and unlock all features.Get My AccountStep 2: Go to Buy Crypto and Choose Your Payment MethodCredit/Debit Card: Use your Visa or Mastercard to buy ZKsync (ZK) instantly.Balance: Use funds from your HTX account balance to trade seamlessly.Third Parties: We've added popular payment methods such as Google Pay and Apple Pay to enhance convenience.P2P: Trade directly with other users on HTX.Over-the-Counter (OTC): We offer tailor-made services and competitive exchange rates for traders.Step 3: Store Your ZKsync (ZK)After purchasing your ZKsync (ZK), store it in your HTX account. Alternatively, you can send it elsewhere via blockchain transfer or use it to trade other cryptocurrencies.Step 4: Trade ZKsync (ZK)Easily trade ZKsync (ZK) on HTX's spot market. Simply access your account, select your trading pair, execute your trades, and monitor in real-time. We offer a user-friendly experience for both beginners and seasoned traders.

3.3k Total ViewsPublished 2024.06.17Updated 2026.06.02

How to Buy ZK

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of ZK (ZK) are presented below.

活动图片