降息来袭,加密货币能否金融风暴中崛起?

深潮Published on 2024-09-23Last updated on 2024-09-23

本次降息消息宣布后,BTC 以及其他的加密货币或将迎来回调,但后期利好因素不足,出于对经济衰退的担忧,市场可能很容易陷入动荡不安的状态中。

撰文:WOO

2024 年 9 月 19 日,美联储将利率下调了 50 个基点 (bps),将联邦基金利率降至 4.75% 至 5% 之间。而降息是美联储在经济放缓或衰退期间用来刺激经济的重要工具。一起来跟 WOO X Research 看看降息在下一阶段将会对机密货币带来哪些影响。

美联储降息意味着基准利率的降低,这通常会对经济产生一系列重要影响。如借贷成本的降低可以鼓励企业和消费者增加贷款,从而刺激投资和消费;或者说降息有助于推动经济增长,因为更容易获得信贷会促进市场需求的提升。降息可能会影响通货膨胀,因需求增加而推动物价上涨。同时,降息通常也会导致股票和房地产等资产价格上涨,投资者寻求更高的回报。此外,降息还可能导致本币贬值,因为投资者会转向更高收益的其他货币资产。总体而言,美联储当前下调 50 个基点(bps)的背后,体现出美联储对美国经济状况的担忧,可能已经有经济衰退的迹象。而对于加密货币市场来说,降息是自比特币减半后,市场最关注的利好消息之一了,利率下调,投资者可能会更愿意参与其他的资产投资。

背景(历史降息前后走势)

从各项经济指标来看,目前的经济状况显示出不少下行风险,需要降息来刺激增长。制造业 PMI 当前值为 47.9,处于收缩区间,表明制造业活动疲软;服务业 PMI 虽为 55.7,但相较历史平均有所下降。此外,失业率的当前值为 4.2,再加上 CPI 同比和 PCE 同比分别为 2.5 和 2.6,均低于历史平均,显示出需求疲软。更值得关注的是,10 年与 1 年美债信用利差为 -0.2,这通常是经济衰退的信号,而金融状况指数为 -0.56,则显示出金融条件趋紧,可能进一步抑制经济活动。在这样的数据背景下,美联储宣布降息 50 个基点(bps)。利率降低,鼓励投资者把资金投入到回报更高的投资活动中去,对投资市场有提振作用;但资金大量涌入市场就不得不面对通货膨胀的风险以及经济系统机构不稳定的可能。

数据走势

在降息的背景下,对抗降息可能带来的通货膨胀是需要人们认真考虑的问题。在以前人们往往会选择黄金作为对抗通货膨胀的硬通货。但随着加密货币市场走进越来越多投资者的视野,被称为「数字黄金」—— BTC 正在吸引越来越多的关注,尤其是在 BTC 现货 ETF 通过之后,给投资者提供了更安心的投资方式。

对比 BTC(数字黄金)价格走势以及黄金(传统避险资产)价格走势,可以发现两者走势具有强相关性,且 BTC 价格的变化相对于黄金价格变化走势在时间上具有一定的滞后性,通常比黄金价格的变化趋势晚 2-5 个月。

黄金与主要的股票指数(普通普尔指数、Nasdaq100 指数)主要呈现负相关关系,在经济市场动荡的时候,黄金可以做到避险保值。

而近半年比特币正呈现的类似黄金的避险趋势,即与主流股票市场指标存在弱相关、逆相关。且在具有相同避险属性的情况下,比特币可以为投资避险者达到更高收益。

未来可能走势?

美国是世界上规模最大的、发展程度最高的经济体,而美联储的降息决定不仅是美国的经济政策,还是其他国家的参考。美联储降息 50 个基点(bps)的背后,也在表达着目前的经济状况不容过于乐观。在前面的数据中可以看到,在降息前,黄金波动上涨的幅度较大,本次降息消息宣布后,BTC 以及其他的加密货币或将迎来回调,但后期利好因素不足,出于对经济衰退的担忧,市场可能很容易陷入动荡不安的状态中。

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