观点：WBTC该升级技术方案了

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-08-12Last updated on 2024-08-12

Abstract

基于比特币原生验证能力的wrapped技术方案是未来方向。

原文作者：Kevin He，BitlayerLabs 联合创始人

背景

近日关于  WBTC 项目控制权转移而引发了广泛的社区讨论和担忧。

作者在区块链基础设施方向建设多年，亲自建设了中心化 wrapped token 系统，和基于 MPC 的托管平台，当前正在建设比特币原生验证能力。

本文中，作者将会回顾事件的脉络，主要涵盖多方的实际举动和反馈，呈现事实本身。

作者基于实际系统建设经验，为 wrapped btc 的产品抽象了一个简单的架构和安全模型。

接下来作者根据免信任的程度来划分不同的产品的技术方案，指出基于比特币原生验证能力的 wrapped 技术方案是未来方向。

事件回顾

当事人

• WBTC

https://d1x7dwosqaosdj.cloudfront.net/images/2024-08-12/90ea7b1086b164a5818466f0535ff69d

实现了超过 150 K BTC（价值超过 9 B USD）的 wrap，网站上实现了 proof of reserve 展示。

• Bitgo（WBTC 的原控制方）

https://d1x7dwosqaosdj.cloudfront.net/images/2024-08-12/6a5c666ed10c9efc34c33e661f0b5001

https://blog.bitgo.com/bitgo-to-move-wbtc-to-multi-jurisdictional-custody-to-accelerate-global-expansion-plan-2ea0623fa2c 8 

宣告在未来 60 天内实现 WBTC 项目控制权转移，从 bitgo 转到 justinsun 相关的机构 BiT Global。

相关方

• Makerdao（DAI） 的风控团队（https://d1x7dwosqaosdj.cloudfront.net/images/2024-08-12/ac7befad082ce6d7ac5d3db24f398356）

https://d1x7dwosqaosdj.cloudfront.net/images/2024-08-12/8ed464989303cd07a9c80159a1eec605

表示对上述控制权的转移表示担忧，认为 WBTC 存在风险，将减少相关协议的敞口。

• Justinsun（WBTC 的新控制方）

https://d1x7dwosqaosdj.cloudfront.net/images/2024-08-12/3494e412583529087cb869b609c355e7

承诺不会动 bitgo 的储备

第三方

• Weidai （VC）

https://x.com/_weidai/status/1822338179640218081?s=46&t=d7GvsY4LzVKLbD34L3 431 w

认为 validating bridges 将会是更好的解决方案

• Liufeng （Media）

https://x.com/fishkiller/status/1822455929247498459?s=46&t= h 607 g 0 TWNMlmAGBrzTVpyw 

质疑 biT global 的资质

Wrapped BTC 的业务模型

Wrapped BTC 的业务模型其实非常简单，如下图：

观点：WBTC该升级技术方案了

wrap：

表示从 BTC 转换成 W-BTC。

wrap-house：

表示 wrap 的运作机制， 确保用户存入的 BTC 都有对应的 w-btc 在某一个账本（通常是一个区块链，例如 ETH）得到铸造，不多不少。

unwrap：

表示从 W-BTC 转换成 BTC。

unwrap-house：

表示 unwrap 的运作机制，确保用户在销毁 w-btc 之后，会有机制让他获得 Bitcoin 上的 BTC，不多不少。

对比 Trustless 程度

对比上述业务和技术模型的维度特别多，下面作者将从 wrap/unwrap 2 个方向的免信任水平来进行对比。

Non-Trustless

典型的就是 BitGO 的当前 WBTC，wrap-house 和 unwrap-house 的运作，都是由 bitgo custody 控制。

观点：WBTC该升级技术方案了

很明显，用户需要信任 BitGO custody 服务商始终能够正常工作。

Single Way Trustless

接下来再来看在 2020 年前后出现的两个有代表性的项目：tBTC/renBTC。

观点：WBTC该升级技术方案了

我们可以看到，在 x-chain（例如有完整验证能力的情况下，例如具备 evm），wrap-house 比较容易做较高水平的 trustless。

但 unwrap-house 由于受到当时技术条件的局限，只能通过阈值签名的方式来提高安全性，无论这个预支签名的做到哪种程度。

Dual Way Trustless

时间来到了 2024 年，得益于包括 BitVM/Starkware 的团队在比特币原生验证能力（包含 fraud proof 和 validity proof）的开创性尝试，随着 BitlayerLabs 等社区团队的实践落地，unwrap-house 将有望实现 trustless。

观点：WBTC该升级技术方案了

其中 fraud proof 的代表是 BitVM 及其衍生项目，指的是没有 OP_CAT 的情况下实现乐观验证，主流的实现方案是承诺和挑战 ZK 验证的过程。

Validity proof 则是在假设具备 OP_CAT 操作码的情况下，实现 ZK 的直接验证；有了 OP_CAT，锁定的 BTC 将由所谓的 covenant（类合约）来控制。

方案总结对比

横向对比上述提到的各种技术方案，可以发现基于比特币验证能力（validation）的技术方案，将会在 2 个方向上 trustless 水平有更好的表现。

观点：WBTC该升级技术方案了

总结

WBTC 在 2018 年的横空出世，拉开了将 BTC 流动性带入 DeFi 世界的序幕。后续 2020 年的 tBTC 等项目做了一部分的优化和改进，以比特币原生的验证能力为代表的 validation 技术方案，将会在双向免信任上有更好的表现。WBTC，是时候升级你的技术方案了！

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