【研报精选】牛市推手?比特币减半为何能带来币圈牛市?

投研第一线Published on 2023-05-15Last updated on 2026-06-17

Abstract

过去币圈周期中,当比特币减半发生时,即使比特币需求保持稳定,供应减少也会造成失衡,带动比特币的牛市热情。Bary Rahma则通过更全面的分析后认为:比特币的减半会通过1)减少供给;2)向加密市场外溢流动性;3)降低矿工的抛压等方式为整个加密市场注入信心,带动新一轮的牛市。我们应该为2024年的牛市做好准备。

近年来,围绕比特币 4 年周期的议论声越来越大,成为加密爱好者和市场分析师广泛讨论的话题。这一周期以加密货币市场的重大事件和趋势为标志,引起了经验丰富的参与者和新手的好奇心和兴趣。

然而,比特币 4 年周期的起因和影响常常被误解或过于简单化。检查影响它的因素,包括减半、宏观经济影响和人类行为,可能会使投资者受益。

比特币减半:决定性的催化剂还是自我实现的预言?

比特币行为最有趣的方面之一是“减半”。这是一个预先确定的事件,其中网络生成和分配的新BTC数量减少了一半。

目前,每天大约生产 900 个比特币。在即将到来的减半中,定于明年第一季度末或第二季度初,这个数字将减少到 450。之前 2012 年、2016 年和 2020 年的减半标志着比特币的重大转折点。

由于简单的供需原则,减半会影响比特币的价格。

比特币 4 年周期比特币发行。资料来源:宏微

当减半发生时,即使比特币需求保持稳定,供应减少也会造成失衡,从而推高价格。这种价格势头可能会引发比特币的多年牛市。

随着周期的推进,减半的最初推动力减弱,但势头仍在继续, 推动市场向前发展。

涟漪效应:加密市场的流动性分散

随着牛市的成熟, 流动性从比特币扩散到其他加密货币,例如以太坊,并最终扩散到风险更高的长尾资产。

这种分散一直持续到新资金流入加密货币市场无法维持由与主要加密货币和正在创建的新项目的相关性驱动的资产数量的增加。

比特币减半效应:比特币 4 年周期比特币减半效应。资料来源: Glassnode

当达到这个不可持续的点时,市场崩溃,流动性的分散逆转。资金从长尾资产流回比特币和以太坊,为流动性周期提供一个重置点。

这种流动性流动模式并非加密市场独有,而是传统金融市场的特征。

人为因素:行为动力学和市场心理学

除了减半和流动性周期之外,影响比特币市场行为的另一个重要因素是市场参与者的心理动态。为了更好地理解这一点,必须深入研究比特币的链上数据。

比特币的价格和活跃网络参与者的盈利能力显着影响市场动态。事实上,积累了大量未实现利润的市场参与者更有可能在市场低迷时卖出,担心失去这些收益。

比特币 NUPL比特币 NUPL。资料来源: LookIntoBitcoin

此外,在价格大幅上涨后进入市场的个人通常缺乏经验或不太相信资产的长期价值。这些因素导致持有者基础比熊市低点时的稳定基础更加不稳定。

盈利能力和持有人基础:背后的关键驱动因素

在讨论盈利能力时,人们通常会提到一系列按成本分类的指标。其中包括已实现价格、网络总成本基础的代理以及短期和长期持有人已实现价格。

这些指标有助于了解市场状况——是未实现的损失还是收益。

比特币 MVRV比特币 MVRV。资料来源: Santiment

市场价格和总成本基础之间的变化可以使用市场价值与实现价值 (MVRV) 比率来衡量。

MVRV 的高读数表明有大量未实现的利润,在历史上标志着比特币 4 年周期的峰值。

矿工影响力:比特币 4 年周期中的一种递减力量

从历史上看,比特币矿工作为顺周期力量对市场产生了重大影响。

矿工在牛市期间获利时增持比特币,并在熊市期间被迫出售。

比特币费用回报率比特币费用与奖励比率。资料来源: CryptoQuant

然而,术语资本化指标表明它们对市场的影响力已经下降。

全球宏观图景:影响力上升

从历史上看,比特币一直与全球宏观经济因素保持一定程度的隔离。然而,随着它更多地与传统金融系统整合并获得更多机构投资者的采用,它变得更容易受到这些影响。

例如,美元强弱的波动、货币政策的变化和地缘政治紧张局势现在可以直接影响比特币的市场行为。

美元指数表现比特币兑 DXY。资料来源: TradingView

人们通常将比特币视为经济危机或金融市场不稳定期间的避险资产,就像黄金一样。

因此,在全球经济风险或不确定性加剧期间,人们可能会看到对比特币的需求激增,这可能会推高其价格。

监管

监管因素在塑造比特币市场行为方面的作用是相当大的,而且往往是不可预测的。虽然一些国家已经接受了比特币和其他加密货币,但其他国家已经实施了严格的规定或彻底禁止。

正面的监管消息可以推动比特币价格上涨,而负面消息则可能引发大幅下跌。

全球加密监管全球加密监管。资料来源: Statista

例如,当日本和韩国等国家承认比特币为合法支付方式时,其价格产生了显着的积极影响。

相反,当 中国宣布整顿比特币挖矿和交易时,导致市场急剧下滑。

为下一个比特币 4 年周期做准备

多种因素的复杂相互作用塑造了比特币的市场行为。其中包括其内置的减半机制、流动性周期、市场参与者的心理和行为、矿工的影响、全球宏观经济因素和监管发展。

了解这些因素可以让投资者和市场参与者对比特币的潜在价格走势有宝贵的见解。

尽管如此,由于加密市场的高度波动性和不可预测性,人们不应将这些因素视为决定性的预测因素。相反,人们应该将它们用作评估概率和管理风险的工具。

随着比特币的不断发展和成熟,影响其市场行为的因素也可能发生变化。因此,了解比特币和更广泛的加密货币市场的最新发展至关重要。

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