Vitalik 正亲手「拆掉」以太坊基金会

marsbitPublished on 2026-05-26Last updated on 2026-05-26

Abstract

以太坊联合创始人Vitalik Buterin近日发表长文,回应社区对以太坊发展速度的质疑,并重新阐述了以太坊基金会的定位与以太坊的长期发展方向。 Vitalik强调,以太坊基金会并非其个人“一言堂”,内部由多人共同决策。基金会不应成为以太坊生态的中心,而应定位于生态中的一个“节点”,其核心任务是专注于长期、底层且难以商业化的领域,即CROPS原则:抗审查、抗控制、开源、隐私和安全。 他明确指出,以太坊的竞争优势不应仅仅追求更高的交易速度和更低的费用(如TPS),否则将走向平庸。虽然性能提升(如L2扩容)仍会继续,但以太坊真正的独特价值在于坚守上述原则,即便在恶劣网络环境下也能保持稳定运行,并减少用户对中介服务的依赖。 为此,Vitalik指出了三个关键技术方向: 1. **形式化验证**:利用AI等技术,更严格地验证协议与代码,实现“可证明无Bug的以太坊”。 2. **共识安全**:增强共识机制,确保网络在部分节点故障时无需依赖人为协调即可恢复,保持去中心化。 3. **减少中介依赖**:通过技术方案让用户更直接地与链交互,降低对RPC、中继等中间服务的依赖,提升抗审查性和隐私。 Vitalik承认以太坊最重要的资产是ETH,其安全性等核心价值支撑着ETH的长期价格。然而,市场推广、生态增长等与资产价值相关的工作应交由生态中的其他团队承担,EF不会成为“拉盘组织”。 总之,Vitalik的核心理念是:以太坊基金会将缩小权力边界,更加聚焦于守护底层价值观;而以太坊生态的发展,需要更广泛的社区与团队共同推动。以太坊的目标不仅是成为更快的链,更是成为更抗审查、更安全、更去中心化和更开放的公共基础设施。

撰文:Changan,Biteye 内容团队

过去一年,以太坊的日子并不好过。一边被高性能公链追着打,一边被社区反复质疑:动作太慢。

今天凌晨,Vitalik 发了一篇长文,正面回应了整个 Web3 行业的终极焦虑,重新回答了一个决定以太坊生死存亡的问题:

以太坊到底要靠什么赢?

是更高 TPS、更快交易、更强市场推广,还是去中心化、隐私、抗审查和安全这些更难讲、但更长期的东西?

一、EF 不是 Vitalik 「一言堂」

在很多用户和机构眼里,EF 听起来就像是「官方」。再加上 V 神个人的光环太盛,外界极易把 EF、Vitalik 和以太坊本身划上等号。但这恰恰与以太坊尊崇的「去中心化」信仰背道而驰。

在这篇长文中,Vitalik 明确表示,EF 董事会不是他一个人说了算,他在内部并没有任何特权。目前大量的转型工作由 Aya Miyaguchi 执行,他本人则更纯粹地回归到技术本身。

EF 董事会不止 Vitalik 一人,他在里面也没有比其他成员更特殊的权力。很多转型工作由 Aya Miyaguchi 负责执行,他主要参与技术问题。

所以 EF 接下来不是要把自己做成更大的以太坊中心,而是要反过来缩小自己的权力边界:该自己做的事情做深,不该自己包办的事情交给生态里的其他人。

二、如果活成谷歌,那才是真的输了

Vitalik 表示 2025 年以来 EF 在执行力、效率和目标聚焦上做了很多改善。

过去一段时间,外界对 EF 的批评主要集中在「动作太慢」「执行力不够」「不够重视应用和商业合作」。所以 2025 年之后,EF 开始变得更有效率,也更关注具体目标。

但 Vitalik 说,到了今年,他感受到的问题变了。

他经常看到有人提出质疑:Vitalik 和 EF 一直强调,以太坊要去中心化、要保护隐私、要抗审查,但 EF 实际做的事情完全没体现这些价值。

过去大家担心的是 EF 做得不够快,而 Vitalik 现在更担心的是:如果 EF 只是变快、变会做市场、变得更像一家普通科技公司,那以太坊最后可能会把最初的价值观放在次要位置。

为了说明这一点,Vitalik 用 Google 做了一个类比。

Google 早期也有很强的理想主义色彩,比如「Don『t be evil」。但随着公司变大,它也越来越像一家标准的大型科技公司:要考虑商业利益、监管压力、平台权力和用户数据。

三、EF 的新定位:不是以太坊中心,而是生态里的一个节点

Vitalik 重新梳理了 EF 的定位:EF 不是以太坊的中心,而是以太坊生态里的一个节点。

过去很多人其实是把 EF 当成以太坊核心来看待的。以太坊生态哪里出了问题,大家会问 EF 为什么不解决。

但 Vitalik 这次想强调的是:EF 做不了所有事情,也不应该做所有事情。

Vitalik 还提到:EF 目前只持有大约 0.16% 的 ETH,甚至比很多 ETH 大户持有的还少。相比之下,很多其他区块链的基金会,可能掌握着 10% 到 50% 的代币。

这意味着 EF 没有那么多资金,也没有那么大的组织能力,更不应该成为以太坊永远的管理者。

所以 EF 接下来会更谨慎地使用手里的资源,把钱和人投向那些最底层、最长期、最难商业化,但又对以太坊非常重要的事情。

四、EF 的核心任务: CROPS

Vitalik 这篇文章里反复提到一个关键词:CROPS。

简单说,CROPS 指的是以太坊最看重的几件事:抗审查、抗控制、开源、隐私和安全。

这也是 EF 今年 Mandate 里已经明确过的方向:EF 的任务不是把自己做成更大的生态公司,也不是单纯追求更多用户、更高收入或更高币价,而是帮助以太坊守住这些底层承诺。

所以 Vitalik 这次其实是在进一步划清边界:EF 接下来不会围绕「所有对以太坊有利的事情」扩张,而是会更专注于 CROPS。

EF 负责守住最底层、最长期、最难被商业化的部分,而应用、市场、生态增长、资产支持、机构合作等其他任务,则需要更多外部团队、资本和社区组织来承担。

五、不能只追 TPS,否则会走向平庸

Vitalik 说,以太坊必须让人觉得牛。但他不认为这种突出只是 250ms 延迟、100 万 TPS,或者更快的交易确认。

很多新公链都在用更高 TPS、更低延迟、更便宜手续费来挑战以太坊。Solana、BNB Chain、Hyperliquid,以及一些新的 L1,主打的都是更快、更顺、更适合交易。

Vitalik 并不是否认扩容的重要性。以太坊当然也要提高性能,L2、状态扩容、更低 slot time 这些方向也都还会继续推进。

因为如果只比速度,以太坊很难永远是最极致的那一个。总会有链愿意牺牲更多去中心化,换来更高 TPS、更低延迟和更好的短期体验。

如果以太坊也沿着这条路走,最后可能只会变成「稍微更去中心化一点的高性能链」,这不是以太坊的目标。

Vitalik 更想强调的是,以太坊真正应该强的地方,是抗审查、抗控制、开源、隐私和安全。

速度当然重要,但速度不是以太坊的全部。

以太坊真正不可替代的地方,应该是:在性能继续提升的同时,仍然守住这些更难、更长期的底层能力。

六、Vitalik 钦点三个技术方向

在讲完以太坊不能只追 TPS 之后,Vitalik 也给出了几个他认为更重要的技术方向。

1. 可证明没有 Bug 的 Ethereum

第一个方向是形式化验证。

简单说,就是用更严格、更接近数学证明的方式,去验证以太坊协议、客户端和相关代码的正确性。

过去,「证明以太坊没有 Bug」听起来几乎是不可能的。因为区块链系统太复杂,代码、客户端、共识机制、智能合约之间都有大量交互。

但 Vitalik 认为,随着 AI 辅助形式化验证的发展,这件事正在变得更现实。

这也说明,他不是把 AI 当成一个应用层热点,而是更关注 AI 能不能帮助以太坊把底层安全做得更强。

2. Available chain consensus

第二个方向是共识安全。

Vitalik 提到,以太坊想要具备一种比较特殊的能力:即使网络环境很差,或者有一部分节点出问题,以太坊也不能轻易依赖人为协调、社会共识或硬分叉来解决。

他认为,有些链如果出现大规模节点离线,靠项目方、验证者、社区协调来恢复,可能还能接受。但对以太坊、比特币、Zcash 这种更强调抗审查和中立性的系统来说,这种依赖就很危险。

因为一旦系统需要靠少数人协调才能恢复,它就会暴露出中心化风险。

3. 减少中介依赖

第三个方向是减少中介依赖。

现在很多智能合约钱包、隐私协议,想把交易发到链上时,仍然需要依赖一些中间服务,比如 RPC、第三方服务器、交易中继、打包服务等。

这些中间服务可以让用户体验更顺,但也会带来问题。

比如,如果某个中间服务不愿意处理你的交易,你的交易就可能发不出去。如果钱包需要把数据发给第三方服务器,你的隐私就可能被暴露。

Vitalik 认为,这种状态不符合以太坊想要的方向。

所以他提到 FOCIL、EIP-8141、7701、Kohaku 等工作,本质上都是在解决同一个问题:让用户更接近直接使用以太坊,而不是必须依赖一堆中间服务。

七、资产被重新放到台前,但不会变成 ETH 拉盘组织

Vitalik 还罕见地把 ETH 资产放到了很重要的位置。

他说,从财务角度看,以太坊最有价值的产品就是 ETH。以太坊现在保护着约 2500 亿美元的 ETH。

他还提到,他自己接近 90% 的净资产都在 ETH 里,剩下大部分是链上法币,并且已经被分配给开源生物技术、软件和硬件项目。

他承认,ETH 是以太坊最重要的资产。以太坊的安全性、抗审查、隐私和开放性,最终都会影响 ETH 的长期价值。

但和 ETH 价值相关的事,如:市场推广、机构沟通、资产叙事、生态增长,这些事情更适合由 EF 之外的团队和组织承担。

写在最后

Vitalik 这篇长文最值得注意的地方,不是 EF 要变小,也不是 EF 会少卖 ETH,而是他重新回答了一个更底层的问题:

以太坊到底要成为什么?

他给出的方向是:EF 更小,以太坊更聚焦,生态里的其他人承担更多角色。

这条路听起来不够性感,也不一定最讨好短期市场。但它也重新解释了以太坊为什么仍然特殊:它想赢的,不只是速度、成本和交易体验,而是更难被审查、更难被捕获、更重视隐私、更安全、更开放的底层能力。

EF 未来可能会是一艘更小的船,但 Vitalik 希望它守住的,是以太坊最不该被稀释的东西。

Related Questions

QVitalik在文章中重新定义了以太坊基金会的什么定位?

AVitalik重新定义了以太坊基金会的定位,强调其不是以太坊的中心,而是以太坊生态里的一个节点。EF不应包办所有事情,而应更专注于最底层、最长期、最难商业化的核心任务,将应用、市场、生态增长等任务交给外部团队和社区。

QVitalik提出的CROPS具体指什么?为什么他认为这对以太坊至关重要?

ACROPS是Vitalik强调的以太坊核心价值,具体指抗审查、抗控制、开源、隐私和安全。他认为这些是构成以太坊不可替代性的底层承诺,是比短期性能和用户体验更长期、更根本的优势。如果只追求速度而忽视这些价值,以太坊将变得平庸。

Q除了性能(TPS)提升,Vitalik在文章中重点指出了哪三个他认为更重要的技术方向?

AVitalik重点指出了三个更重要的技术方向:1. 形式化验证,目标是实现‘可证明没有Bug的以太坊’。2. 共识安全,追求在网络环境恶劣时也能不依赖人为协调的‘Available chain consensus’。3. 减少中介依赖,让用户能更直接地使用以太坊,而非必须依赖RPC、中继服务等中间层。

QVitalik如何解释他与以太坊基金会的权力关系,以及他个人在基金会中的角色?

AVitalik澄清了外界对他和以太坊基金会的误解,指出EF董事会并非他‘一言堂’,他在其中没有比其他成员更特殊的权力。他本人主要参与技术问题,大量的转型和执行工作由Aya Miyaguchi等人负责。他强调自己正更纯粹地回归技术本身,这与以太坊的去中心化信仰相符。

QVitalik如何看待ETH资产的价值和以太坊基金会在这方面的职责?

AVitalik承认ETH是以太坊最有价值的产品和资产,其长期价值与以太坊的安全性、抗审查等核心能力紧密相连。他也透露自己绝大部分净资产是ETH。但他同时明确,与ETH价值直接相关的市场推广、机构沟通、资产叙事等任务,更适合由EF之外的生态团队和组织来承担,EF不应成为‘ETH拉盘组织’。EF应专注于支持那些维护ETH长期价值基础(如CROPS)的底层工作。

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