BTC的死亡多米诺:当财库公司从"钻石手"沦为抛售急先锋

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-08-19Last updated on 2025-08-19

原文 | Cheshire Capital

编译 | Odaily 星球日报(@OdailyChina

译者| 叮当(@XiaMiPP

编者按:过去几个月,BTC 财库公司被视为加密市场的重要推手以及支撑比特币价格的强大基石。然而,事实可能远不如想象中牢固。当价格波动与股东压力叠加时,即便是财库公司,也可能从“守护者”瞬间转变为“抛售者”。本文尝试推演未来 6–12 个月 BTC 财库公司可能出现的市场路径。核心假设:

  • 主体:10 家 BTC 财库公司,持有规模不等的比特币,市价净值倍数(mNAV)在 1.0 x–5.0 x 区间。
  • 差异:公司质量由财库规模与管理层信念/营销能力决定。
  • 背景:比特币初始价格为 12 万美元。

核心逻辑:一旦部分公司选择卖出 BTC 回购股票,将触发一轮反身性循环:价格下跌 → mNAV 受压 → 更多公司被迫卖出 → 抛售加剧 → 价格进一步下跌。

原文如下

假设有 10 家 BTC 财库公司持有比特币,并且它们在二级市场上的交易溢价(mNAV 倍数)各不相同,从 1.0 x 到 5.0 x 不等。此时 BTC 价格为 12 万美元。它们的质量参差不齐,这里的“质量”取决于财库规模大小,以及管理层的信念与市场宣传能力。

部分低质量的 BTC 财库公司率先跌破 1.0 x mNAV。对于那些缺乏坚定信仰的团队来说,最合理的操作就是卖出部分比特币回购股票。毕竟,在短期内,这能带来每股净值的增厚效应。注意,这些公司是在 12 万美元的价格卖出部分 BTC。

由于上述抛售,比特币价格回落至 11.5 万美元(这里的价格主要为说明推演情景所用)。一些其他财库公司(包括之前已经进行了回购的公司)因为与 BTC 高度相关的 Beta 效应,mNAV 继续下探。于是又有 4-5 家公司卖出比特币回购股票,这些公司是在 11.5 万美元的价格卖出。

市场逐渐意识到,十家公司中,恐怕有八九家更关心短期股东的防御,而不是长远的 BTC 累积。投资者们开始预期,如果这些公司集体需要出售 30% 到 50% 的持仓,结果将不堪设想。毕竟,连 MSTR 在 2022 年的低谷时都曾跌到 0.5 倍的估值水平。于是,BTC 很快被重新定价到 10 万美元,大多数财库公司也纷纷跌破了 1.0 x。

一些中等质量、原本还在犹豫的财库公司,开始受到市场和股东的双重压力,被迫维护 mNAV,从而加入抛售。此时市场每周出现约 5 亿至 10 亿美元的比特币抛单。即便是高质量公司(如 MSTR、3350、XXI),在跌至约 1.2 x 时也难以通过买单防守。BTC 跌至 9 万美元。

整个财库公司体系,包括高质量玩家,此时都跌破 1.0 x。MSTR 优先股跌至 0.7 美元兑 1 美元的面值以下,市场甚至传出 Saylor 考虑暂停分红的消息。一些此前被认为是铁杆持有者的公司(如 3350、XXI)也开始出售比特币以支付运营成本。BTC 跌至 8 万美元。

到这时,大多数低质量的财库公司已经几乎清空了 BTC 财库。早期的“抄底者”开始入场,但反身性循环的残酷之处在于:抛售会沿着质量链条向上蔓延,规模和速度进一步放大。随着中高质量公司也彻底投降,最大的比特币持仓开始进入市场,每周抛压规模高达 15 亿至 30 亿美元。

需要注意,除了 MSTR 外,BTC 财库公司合计持有约 35 万枚比特币,按当前价格计算约 400 亿美元。这种抛售足以持续很长时间,而如果 MSTR 也被迫参与,将更加残酷,BTC 可能跌至 7 万美元。

可能的结果

  • 最低质量的公司反而占了便宜。因为它们最早就被迫卖出 BTC,避免了更低价格。问题在于,一旦卖出,就等于公司不再是“迭代的 BTC 财库”,而是转变成“一次性的估值博弈”。哪怕只卖一次,也会破坏其作为“钻石手财库公司”的声誉,未来资金流入将大打折扣。
  • 如果相信 BTC 依然具备 30-40% 的年复合增长率(我相信!),那么坚持持有的公司最终会没事。截至目前,我认为只有 Saylor 会竭尽全力守住 BTC,但也可能会有其他候选者(如 3350、NAKA)。不过,在大部分抛售完成之前,任何财库公司都不值得长期看多。
  • 中间派最惨。他们既不是激进的“鲨鱼”,也没有足够的信仰。在上述情景下,这类公司(如 MARA、RIOT、SMLR)会在第 (6) 到 (7) 阶段卖出,平均卖价约为 7.5 万美元。
  • 这一逻辑也适用于其他资产的财库公司,但 ETH 或许是个例外。因为 ETH 财库公司存在寡头格局:BMNR 和 SBET 持有了约 75% 的财库 ETH(若加上 DYNX 和 BTBT,比例达到 90%)。这让他们有可能形成某种协调或“合谋”,避免竞相抛售的恶性循环。尽管最终维持这种协议的可能性不大,但在持有集中度更高的情况下,成功的概率会提高。
  • 可类比传统金融 Archegos 爆仓时的银行财团。激进的银行(如高盛、德意志)率先清仓,结果远好于那些试图协调整理退出的慢动作玩家(瑞信、野村)。

注意:这里的 BTC 目标价并非 7 万美元,文中价格仅用于说明推演情景。

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