1.5%费率遭群嘲却年赚2.68亿!灰度比特币信托的‘躺赢’密码:税收枷锁+十年信仰

marsbitPublished on 2025-05-02Last updated on 2025-05-03

为什么灰度的比特币信托在 2025 年仍占据 ETF 收入的主导地位

灰度比特币信托 (GBTC) 产生的收入比所有现货比特币 ETF 的总收入还要多,这得益于其高昂的费用以及尽管出现资金外流但仍保持的投资者忠诚度。

纵观金融史,很少有机构能像灰度比特币信托(GBTC)一样,在激烈的竞争中保持如此坚定的决心。GBTC 成立于 2013 年,最初是一家私募机构,开创了受监管的比特币投资模式,让投资者能够参与比特币的迅猛发展,而无需承担数字钱包或不受监管交易所的风险。

2024年1月11日,在对SEC的诉讼中取得里程碑式胜利后,该ETF转型为现货比特币ETF。

这标志着SEC的一个关键时刻,SEC认为ETF比传统基金具有更低的费用率和更高的税收效率。 

即便如此,GBTC 的财务韧性依然闪耀,年收入达到 2.685 亿美元,超过所有其他美国现货比特币 ETF 的 2.118 亿美元总和,尽管自 2024 年初以来,其持有的比特币已损失了一半以上,资金流出 180 亿美元。这并不是惯性的短暂胜利。 

这些数字讲述了一个悖论。贝莱德的 iShares 比特币信托 (IBIT) 管理着 560 亿美元的资产 (AUM),收费率为 0.25%,在推出后的几周内,它在 2024 年创造了 1.37 亿美元的收入,同时实现了 358 亿美元的资金流入和 10 亿美元的日交易量。

此同时,GBTC 的费用率为 1.5%,比竞争对手高出七倍,这巩固了其收入领先地位,尽管它的资金流出量高达 174 亿美元 ,2024 年 3 月 19 日创下了 6.18 亿美元的单日亏损纪录,原因是投资者追逐更低的费用或利用该信托的历史性净资产价值 (NAV) 折让,到 2024 年 7 月,该折让率已从 50% 暴跌至接近于零。

这种收入主导地位与资本外逃之间的冲突需要仔细审查,揭示投资者心理、市场动态和 Grayscale 精心计算的韧性之间的复杂关系。

然而,GBTC 180 亿美元的资产管理规模,以及在出现大量资金外流的情况下仍能创造 2.685 亿美元收益的能力,都揭示了一个更深层次的问题:税收摩擦和制度化的惰性。由于税收壁垒和公司指令,企业、家族办公室和其他机构无法迅速转型,这一问题也逐渐浮出水面。总规模达 1000 亿美元的现货比特币 ETF 市场,也凸显了这场竞争的利害关系,随着竞争加剧,灰度的收入主导地位也将不断演变。

在如此激烈的竞争中,是什么支撑着GBTC的收入王冠?是高额手续费加上依然庞大的资产管理规模,是饱经风霜的投资者的忠诚,还是无形的税收摩擦将他们牢牢束缚在自己的位置上?

随着我们深入探究这个问题,我们得以揭示GBTC占据主导地位的机制,以及塑造加密货币投资未来的更广泛潮流。答案在于历史、战略以及投资者对这家巨头的坚定信念——无论面临何种困境,它都拒绝屈服。

投资者GBTC Rev 与所有其他 ETF 的比较。资料来源:CoinGlass

Grayscale 的高费用收入引擎

GBTC 收入优势的核心在于其 1.5% 的费用率,与 IBIT 和 FBTC(均为 0.25%)、Bitwise(0.24%)和富兰克林邓普顿(0.19%)等竞争对手相比,这一数字非常高。

将该费用应用于 179 亿美元的资产管理规模,每年可产生 2.685 亿美元的收益,超过所有其他美国现货比特币 ETF 的总收入 2.118 亿美元(这些 ETF 的总管理规模为 890 亿美元)。

ETF Store 总裁 Nate Geraci对 X表示:“GBTC 赚的钱仍然比所有其他 ETF 的总和还多……而且差距还很大。”尽管自 2024 年 1 月以来资金流出 210 亿美元,包括日均损失 8990 万美元,但这种算术优势依然存在,凸显了在庞大资产基础上收取高额费用的强大力量。

投资者

资料来源:Nate Geraci

收费结构既是GBTC的堡垒,也是其致命弱点。在ETF转换之前,GBTC收取2%的费用,这一费率合理,因为其作为传统投资组合中唯一一家美国比特币投资工具的垄断地位。转换后,1.5%的收费引发了争议。晨星公司被动策略研究主管布莱恩·阿莫尔(Bryan Armour)预测,随着投资者涌向更便宜的替代品,资金将持续外流。 

灰度的反击是灰度比特币迷你信托(BTC)。该信托于2025年3月推出,手续费为0.15%(美国现货比特币ETP中最低)。该迷你信托以灰度比特币信托(GBTC)10%的比特币持仓(资产管理规模17亿美元)作为种子资金,吸引了1.689亿美元的资金流入,目标客户是注重成本的投资者。然而,该迷你信托每美元资产管理规模的收入(每年255万美元)较低,与灰度比特币信托(GBTC)的2.685亿美元相比相形见绌,这进一步巩固了后者的主导地位。

Grayscale 的双重策略(高费用的 GBTC 用于收入,低费用的迷你信托用于保留)揭示了一种微妙的防御,但 GBTC 的费用堡垒仍然未被攻破,其收入王冠目前是稳固的。


传承与忠诚

除了费用的计算之外,GBTC 的收入优势还在于其悠久的历史、它所激发的强烈忠诚度以及将投资者牢牢束缚在其阵营中的强大税收摩擦。自 2013 年以来,Grayscale 一直是受监管比特币投资的旗手,克服了监管风暴,于 2015 年成为首只公开交易的比特币基金,并于 2024 年在纽约证券交易所 Arca 上市后,成为资产管理规模最大的现货比特币 ETF(260 亿美元)。

2023年8月,GBTC在与美国证券交易委员会(SEC)的诉讼中胜诉,迫使其批准了现货比特币ETF,巩固了其先锋地位。这一成就引起了机构投资者和合格投资者的共鸣,其中许多投资者在GBTC私募阶段或以大幅资产净值折价入股,从而建立了持久的合作关系。

税收考量构成了无声却强大的锚。许多早期的GBTC投资者以低价购入股票,2013年比特币的交易价格为800美元,而到2025年5月,比特币价格已达到9万美元左右。这约120倍的涨幅产生了巨额未实现资本收益,使得出售成本高昂。

一位投资者在2015年以10美元的价格购买了100股GBTC,现在每股价值400美元,他将获得3.9万美元的资本收益。如果出售这些股票,转入IBIT或FBTC等费用较低的ETF,则可能需要缴纳7800美元的税款(按通常适用于高净值个人的20%长期资本利得税率计算),或按通常适用于其他投资者的15%长期资本利得税率计算,则可能需要缴纳5850美元的税款。

此类应税事件通常会阻碍赎回,尤其是对于应税账户的长期持有者而言。

另一方面,对于那些通过 IRA 或 401(k) 等税收优惠工具持有 GBTC 的人来说,收益可以推迟,如果是 Roth IRA,则可以完全避免,这使得 GBTC 对于不愿意转换的传统投资者来说更具吸引力。

心理因素加剧了这些障碍。损失厌恶(不愿实现应税收益)和对灰度品牌的忠诚度,阻止了投资者放弃一个经受住比特币波动考验的投资工具。资产净值折让的结束(从2024年7月的50%降至接近于零)刺激了资金外流,因为套利者纷纷套现。尽管如此,核心持有者依然存在,这得益于他们对灰度通过Coinbase Custody进行托管的信任,Coinbase Custody在2024年5月的资产管理规模达到了180.8亿美元。其投资者群体涵盖加密货币原生机构、对冲基金以及通过富达和嘉信理财等平台的散户,他们看重其简单易用(无需加密钱包)和良好的监管背景。

尽管IBIT和FBTC凭借较低的费用和流动性吸引了新资本,但GBTC在那些将其视为久经沙场的巨头的人群中仍占据一席之地。灰度前首席执行官迈克尔·索南辛(Michael Sonnenshein)声称资金流出正在达到“平衡”,这表明其核心业务正在稳定,税收摩擦和历史遗留问题正在巩固其留存率。在一个以创新为驱动力的市场中,GBTC的历史,加上税收壁垒和投资者的信心,是其抵御新竞争对手不断进军的盾牌,守护着其收入王冠。

投资者

这张历史时间线图表展现了 GBTC 的里程碑事件(2013 年上线、2015 年公开交易、2023 年获得美国证券交易委员会批准、2024 年转换为 ETF),并叠加了比特币价格飙升(从 800 美元到 10.3 万美元)和资产管理规模 (AUM) 的增长。资料来源:迈克尔·塔博恩博士 

Related Reads

Trading

Spot
Futures

Hot Articles

What is $BITCOIN

DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): A Comprehensive Analysis Introduction to DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a blockchain-based project operating on the Solana network, which aims to combine the characteristics of traditional precious metals with the innovation of decentralized technologies. While it shares a name with Bitcoin, often referred to as “digital gold” due to its perception as a store of value, DIGITAL GOLD is a separate token designed to create a unique ecosystem within the Web3 landscape. Its goal is to position itself as a viable alternative digital asset, although specifics regarding its applications and functionalities are still developing. What is DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) is a cryptocurrency token explicitly designed for use on the Solana blockchain. In contrast to Bitcoin, which provides a widely recognized value storage role, this token appears to focus on broader applications and characteristics. Notable aspects include: Blockchain Infrastructure: The token is built on the Solana blockchain, known for its capacity to handle high-speed and low-cost transactions. Supply Dynamics: DIGITAL GOLD has a maximum supply capped at 100 quadrillion tokens (100P $BITCOIN), although details regarding its circulating supply are currently undisclosed. Utility: While precise functionalities are not explicitly outlined, there are indications that the token could be utilized for various applications, potentially involving decentralized applications (dApps) or asset tokenization strategies. Who is the Creator of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? At present, the identity of the creators and development team behind DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) remains unknown. This situation is typical among many innovative projects within the blockchain space, particularly those aligning with decentralized finance and meme coin phenomena. While such anonymity may foster a community-driven culture, it intensifies concerns about governance and accountability. Who are the Investors of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN)? The available information indicates that DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) does not have any known institutional backers or prominent venture capital investments. The project seems to operate on a peer-to-peer model focused on community support and adoption rather than traditional funding routes. Its activity and liquidity are primarily situated on decentralized exchanges (DEXs), such as PumpSwap, rather than established centralized trading platforms, further highlighting its grassroots approach. How DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) Works The operational mechanics of DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) can be elaborated on based on its blockchain design and network attributes: Consensus Mechanism: By leveraging Solana’s unique proof-of-history (PoH) combined with a proof-of-stake (PoS) model, the project ensures efficient transaction validation contributing to the network's high performance. Tokenomics: While specific deflationary mechanisms have not been extensively detailed, the vast maximum token supply implies that it may cater to microtransactions or niche use cases that are still to be defined. Interoperability: There exists the potential for integration with Solana’s broader ecosystem, including various decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms. However, the details regarding specific integrations remain unspecified. Timeline of Key Events Here is a timeline that highlights significant milestones concerning DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN): 2023: The initial deployment of the token occurs on the Solana blockchain, marked by its contract address. 2024: DIGITAL GOLD gains visibility as it becomes available for trading on decentralized exchanges like PumpSwap, allowing users to trade it against SOL. 2025: The project witnesses sporadic trading activity and potential interest in community-led engagements, although no noteworthy partnerships or technical advancements have been documented as of yet. Critical Analysis Strengths Scalability: The underlying Solana infrastructure supports high transaction volumes, which could enhance the utility of $BITCOIN in various transaction scenarios. Accessibility: The potential low trading price per token could attract retail investors, facilitating wider participation due to fractional ownership opportunities. Risks Lack of Transparency: The absence of publicly known backers, developers, or an audit process may yield skepticism regarding the project's sustainability and trustworthiness. Market Volatility: The trading activity is heavily reliant on speculative behavior, which can result in significant price volatility and uncertainty for investors. Conclusion DIGITAL GOLD ($BITCOIN) emerges as an intriguing yet ambiguous project within the rapidly evolving Solana ecosystem. While it attempts to leverage the “digital gold” narrative, its departure from Bitcoin's established role as a store of value underscores the need for a clearer differentiation of its intended utility and governance structure. Future acceptance and adoption will likely depend on addressing the current opacity and defining its operational and economic strategies more explicitly. Note: This report encompasses synthesised information available as of October 2023, and developments may have transpired beyond the research period.

363 Total ViewsPublished 2025.05.13Updated 2025.05.13

What is $BITCOIN

Discussions

Welcome to the HTX Community. Here, you can stay informed about the latest platform developments and gain access to professional market insights. Users' opinions on the price of BTC (BTC) are presented below.

活动图片