比特币ETF、以太坊ETF的优缺点及风险、收益

MarsBitPublished on 2023-10-13Last updated on 2023-10-13

Abstract

通过投资加密货币ETF,我们可以了解BTC 或ETH 等资产的价格变动,而无需与任何加密平台(交易所、钱包等)进行交互。

加密货币ETF并不完全是投资者为了装满黄金而想出的一些新的闪亮玩具:在许多人(包括我自己)涉足加密货币之前,它们就已经存在了。
Winklevoss 双胞胎于2013 年向美国证券交易委员会(SEC) 提交了第一份加密ETF 申请。然而,第一个官方比特币ETF 直到2021 年才出现。而现在,在撰写本文时,加密ETF 仍然有些新鲜。
但这是为什么呢?是什么让比特币和以太坊ETF如此难以获得批准?他们值得为之奋斗吗?
1、什么是加密货币ETF?
加密货币ETF被一些人视为加密货币进入传统金融世界的标志。它们允许保守且厌恶风险的投资者与加密货币进行互动,而无需直接拥有它们。
ETF ,或交易所交易基金,是一种投资基金,持有股票、债券或商品等资产集合,并在证券交易所交易,类似于个股。它为投资者提供了一种实现资产多元化的方法,而无需单独购买每项资产。
加密货币ETF也类似。然而,他们持有的不是股票或债券,而是数字资产——在撰写本文时,这些资产主要是期货(比特币和以太坊)。 因此,通过投资加密货币ETF,我们可以了解BTC 或ETH 等资产的价格变动,而无需与任何加密平台(交易所、钱包等)进行交互。
❕ 值得注意的是,并非所有「加密ETF」 都直接与一种或另一种加密货币相关。一些加密ETF 仅持有与区块链技术或加密行业相关的公司的股票。这些不是我将在本文中讨论的ETF。
2、为什么加密货币ETF 这么少?
为了向公众开放,每个加密 ETF 都需要得到政府机构的正式批准——在大多数情况下,这意味着需要征得 SEC 的同意。以下是这些批准通常需要很长时间以及市场上加密ETF如此之少的一些原因。
1)波动性。 一切加密事物的祸根。加密货币ETF必然会向普通散户投资者介绍加密货币,他们可能不完全了解加密货币价格的波动性。
2)安全问题。 虽然ETF允许投资者不必使用(相对于加密货币本身而言)交易所或钱包等加密货币平台,但基金本身可能仍然必须持有加密货币。
3)监管的不确定性。 由于加密货币领域相对较新,官方方面还有很多事情尚未决定。例如,世界各地的许多监管机构仍然不确定如何对加密货币进行分类。这自然会让监管机构的事情变得复杂。
4)市场操纵。 这是前三点的结合:人们担心加密ETF 可能会导致并受到重大市场操纵,从而为欺诈活动提供途径。

3、现在最值得购买的加密货币ETF 是什么?
尽管存在所有风险和挑战,但目前市场上仍然有一些加密货币ETF。如果您想投资加密货币而无需与加密行业互动并留在传统市场结构的范围内,那么它们可能是一个不错的选择。
以下是您目前可以获得的一些比较好的加密货币ETF。
1)ProShares 比特币策略 ETF  (BITO)。 有史以来第一个官方批准的加密货币ETF。其投资策略依赖于比特币期货的积极价格走势。
2)ProShares 空头比特币 ETF  (BITI)。 该基金的策略与其兄长BITO 相反。它依赖于比特币期货合约的下跌。
3)Valkyrie 比特币策略 ETF  (BTF)。 除了该基金的主要关注点比特币期货外,它还持有少量更传统的资产,例如美国政府证券。
4)VanEck 比特币策略 ETF  (XBTF)。 专注于比特币期货的基金,具有节税结构。
5)Proshares 比特币和乙太币等权重策略(BETE)。 该名单上最年轻的基金,与其他公司一样,它专注于BTC 和ETH 期货,并不投资实际的加密货币。
4、加密货币ETF 的风险和收益
您可能已经注意到,几乎所有活跃的加密ETF 实际上从未以直接方式与加密货币互动:这些基金与期货合约一起使用。 尽管这种情况将来可能会发生变化,但我们需要考虑投资加密ETF的利弊及其总体可行性,这是一个重要的背景。
期货合约是两方之间在设定的未来日期以预定价格买卖特定资产(例如商品或金融工具)的标准化协定。

5、加密货币ETF:优点
以下是我认为加密ETF 可以成为一项很好的投资并且可能对整个加密行业有利的一些原因。
1)避免直接监管。 投资者无需担心保护加密货币、处理加密密钥或寻找合适且安全的钱包的复杂性。
2)坚持传统投资管道。 对于机构投资者和传统散户投资者来说,加密货币ETF 是一种熟悉的格式,消除了处理加密货币交易所的学习曲线。
3)价格平价保证。 一些投资者担心由于各个交易所的价格差异而需要为加密货币支付更多费用。ETF 通常使用来自多个来源的成交量加权平均价格,以确保投资者获得更公平的市场价格。
4)获得先进的投资策略。一些加密ETF 可能会使用杠杆或做空等策略,为高级投资者提供更细致的方式参与加密货币市场。
6、加密货币ETF:坏处
当然,加密货币ETF 也存在一些问题,可能会给投资者、其他加密货币爱好者和专案,当然还有监管机构带来一定的挑战。与传统投资资产和优质的常规加密货币相比,我发现加密货币交易所交易基金存在以下一些问题。
1)对基金经理的依赖。 业绩可能取决于基金经理在管理资产、重新平衡投资组合和有效跟踪指数方面的熟练程度。
2)集权。 去中心化是加密货币市场的主要方面之一,而传统的ETF 对其构成了巨大的挑战,因为它们在设计上是中心化的。
3)潜在的溢价或折扣。 加密货币ETF的市场价格可能会偏离其资产净值(NAV)。在需求高或市场压力时期,ETF 的交易价格可能会高于其资产净值。
4)对更广阔市场的敞口有限。 许多ETF 可能主要关注成熟的加密货币。投资者可能会错过新兴或鲜为人知的加密货币的潜在收益。
5)赎回风险。 如果大量投资者决定同时出售其ETF份额,基金可能难以快速变现标的资产,尤其是在波动的市场中。这可能会导致兑换期限延长。
6)衍生品挂钩ETF 。 目前所有加密ETF 都与加密货币期货挂钩,因此它们可能并不总是反映加密货币的实际现货价格。他们还可能展期合同,导致期货溢价导致价值潜在下降。
7、那么,我是否应该投资加密货币ETF?
加密货币ETF呈现出传统投资结构和数位资产新时代的独特融合。 尽管它们简单且易于了解,但加密世界和ETF 管理特有的潜在细微差别和复杂性可能会影响其性能和吸引力。 他们同时向以前可能对加密货币不感兴趣的人们介绍我们的行业,同时为加密货币投资者提供新的工具和工具来管理他们的资金。
然而,到目前为止,加密ETF 还没有真正取得那么成功。截至撰写本文时,以太坊ETF 推出已经过去一周了,它们并没有对以太坊的价格产生积极的影响。
当然,ETH 交易所交易基金可能会产生持久的影响,而不仅仅是短期利润和价格上涨。但这可能会给加密货币、散户和机构投资者留下负面印象。
尽管这听起来很陈词滥调,但只有时间才能告诉我们5 年、10 年或20 年后加密货币ETF 的具体表现如何。注意,除了了解经典的加密货币风险外,投资者还需要了解ETF的运作方式。

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