# Пов'язані статті щодо ZK

Центр новин HTX надає останні статті та поглиблений аналіз на тему "ZK", що охоплює ринкові тренди, оновлення проєктів, технологічні розробки та регуляторну політику в криптоіндустрії.

Ethereum Foundation Drops Poseidon in Post-Quantum Strategy

The Ethereum Foundation is reportedly moving away from using the Poseidon hash function in its planned post-quantum architecture, according to researcher Justin Drake. Instead, the foundation will rely on established alternatives like SHA or BLAKE. Hash functions convert data into a unique digital fingerprint to verify its integrity. Poseidon had been considered for future post-quantum systems like leanVM, designed to help Ethereum efficiently verify large volumes of blockchain activity. These systems are not yet deployed on the mainnet. Drake stated that advancements in SNARK technology—compact proofs used to verify computations—now allow conventional hash functions to perform efficiently enough to replace Poseidon in the planned systems. An industrial version of leanVM is tentatively targeted for 2027, with deployment across Ethereum's consensus, data, and execution layers slated for 2028. Sreeram Kannan, founder and CEO of Eigen Labs, noted that systems based on proven hash functions have fewer known attack vectors than other post-quantum approaches and can be deployed faster due to their years of testing. He also reported that collaborative work with the Ethereum Foundation and zero-knowledge proof developer Succinct has increased proof generation speed by 2.5 times.

cryptonews.ruВчора 10:45

Ethereum Foundation Drops Poseidon in Post-Quantum Strategy

cryptonews.ruВчора 10:45

Vitalik Updates Ethereum Roadmap: From Merge to 'Lean Refactoring', with STARK, AI, and Privacy Reshaping the Technical Foundation

Vitalik Buterin has updated Ethereum's long-term roadmap, outlining a major shift from the post-Merge evolution toward a "Lean Ethereum" vision. The update builds on the 2023 framework but reorders priorities and introduces new concepts. Key continuations include improving consensus (single-slot finality), scaling data availability (larger blobs), simplifying light client verification with SNARKs/STARKs, and protocol simplification. Major adjustments involve significantly prioritizing quantum resistance due to heightened perceived threats, while deprioritizing items like VDFs and some EVM improvements. Technical replacements are planned, such as moving from Verkle trees to a unified Binary Tree and eventually PBTs, and rethinking state management with "New State Types." Notable new additions are: 1. Making **privacy a top-tier priority**, aiming to build it natively into the protocol. 2. **Radical scaling under post-quantum conditions**, using techniques like leanSPHINCS signatures and zkzk frames. 3. **Protocol "Lean-ification" and formal verification**, leveraging modern AI tools to make full formal verification feasible. 4. Exploring **Blob and Gas futures** for future capacity. 5. Developing **Native Rollups**, deeply integrating rollup capabilities into the protocol. 6. **Reimagining the EVM's future**, potentially exposing a simpler, modern instruction set (e.g., leanISA or RISC-V), with EVM becoming a compatibility layer. The core philosophy shifts toward specializing mechanisms for high-load activities (transfers, swaps, privacy) to gain scalability, rather than attempting to infinitely scale all activities. It also elevates **recursive STARKs and AI-assisted formal verification** as foundational infrastructure. In summary, Ethereum is embarking on a systemic "third-generation" redesign—Lean Ethereum—involving replacements or rewrites of major components. The goal is to achieve a quantum-safe, privacy-first, secure, decentralized, and highly scalable network while maintaining a lean and verifiable protocol.

marsbit08/11 08:31

Vitalik Updates Ethereum Roadmap: From Merge to 'Lean Refactoring', with STARK, AI, and Privacy Reshaping the Technical Foundation

marsbit08/11 08:31

Dash Launches ZK-Based Privacy on Zcash

Dash has integrated ZK-privacy based on Zcash's Orchard protocol into its Platform (v4.0.0), making shielded transactions part of the consensus. This built-in protocol feature offers an optional second layer of privacy alongside Dash's existing CoinJoin, better suited for fast mobile wallets. Shielded operations hide sender, receiver, balance, and amount within a pool, using zero-knowledge proofs to validate transactions without revealing details. Users can deposit credits into the pool from a transparent address, conduct private transfers, and withdraw funds. Key features include direct deposits from Dash Core and shielded withdrawals to Core addresses. The implementation adapts Zcash's Orchard protocol to Dash Platform, incorporating structures like SumTree to prevent hidden inflation. A recent critical vulnerability in Orchard was patched prior to Dash's release. Wallet synchronization, tested at around 21 seconds, is notably faster than similar Zcash wallets. While initially supporting only Platform Credits (pegged to Dash), Dash plans to add separate shielded pools for native Platform tokens and assets. This move aims to combine ZK-privacy with token and NFT issuance, linking user-created assets directly to the established Dash cryptocurrency and external markets. Mobile wallet releases with this functionality are expected soon.

cryptonews.ru07/30 11:06

Dash Launches ZK-Based Privacy on Zcash

cryptonews.ru07/30 11:06

A Panoramic View of the Solana Privacy Ecosystem: The Complete Privacy Stack from Computation to AI

**Solana Privacy Ecosystem: A Comprehensive Overview from Computation to AI** Solana's privacy ecosystem, while nascent, is rapidly evolving to address key challenges across multiple layers. Key figures like Helius CEO Mert acknowledge that Solana has lagged in privacy but highlight its unique potential for scalable, composable privacy protocols, potentially leveraging technologies like ZK compression without persistent rollups. The foundational layer is **Private Compute**, addressed by providers like Arcium and Magic Block. Arcium utilizes Multi-Party Computation (MPC) networks to process encrypted data off-chain with final settlement on Solana, supporting use cases like confidential payments (via its C-SPL token standard) and encrypted data analysis. Magic Block employs Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to create private, ephemeral rollups, offering confidentiality, scalability, and composability. Both enable private order books, dark pools, and DeFi rails. Building on this infrastructure are applications for **Private Transfers and Balances**. Umbra, built on Arcium, offers encrypted token accounts with amount, balance, and sender-receiver linkage privacy, plus compliance features. Privacy Cash uses Tornado-style shielded pools for SOL, while Hush provides private staking and trading with integrated swaps via Jupiter. To eliminate **On-Chain Trails** from everyday activities like trading, protocols like encifherio and VanishTrade are emerging. encifherio privately routes swaps through Jupiter by encrypting transaction details within TEEs. VanishTrade routes trades through shielded liquidity pools. Darklake offers a ZK-native "blind slippage" AMM and private perpetuals to hide trading intent and prevent front-running. More advanced applications include **Private Prediction Markets**. Platforms like Melee Markets use Arcium's MPC to encrypt order books, allowing participants to place hidden bets without revealing their market position until settlement. Finally, the ecosystem is expanding into **Private AI**. Loyal leverages both Magic Block and Arcium to create a decentralized protocol where user-AI interactions, queries, and preferences are encrypted on-chain, giving users ownership and control over their data while enabling private transactions and yield generation. In summary, Solana's privacy stack is developing from core compute and transfer privacy towards sophisticated applications in DeFi, prediction markets, and AI, aiming for a future where Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) and Zero-Knowledge (ZK) proofs combine for a complete privacy solution.

marsbit06/17 04:37

A Panoramic View of the Solana Privacy Ecosystem: The Complete Privacy Stack from Computation to AI

marsbit06/17 04:37

Solana Privacy Ecosystem Panorama: A Complete Privacy Stack from Compute to AI

**Title: The Solana Privacy Ecosystem: A Full-Stack View from Compute to AI** **Summary:** This article provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging privacy landscape on the Solana blockchain, characterizing it as still in early development. It identifies two primary verticals—Neobanks and Private DeFi—as key drivers, while noting gaps in tooling and user experience. The discussion centers on two main approaches to private computation: Arcium, which utilizes Multi-Party Computation (MPC) networks (Multi-Party eXecution Environments) to process encrypted data with final settlement on Solana; and Magic Block, which leverages Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) via its Private Ephemeral Rollup (PER). Both enable confidential applications like dark pools and private DeFi with minimal code changes. Building on this infrastructure, projects are creating privacy-focused applications. Umbra, built on Arcium, offers Encrypted Token Accounts (ETAs) for private balances, transfers, and selective disclosure for compliance. Other wallets like Privacy Cash and Hush provide mixer-like functionality for SOL. For private trading, encifherio uses TEEs to encrypt swap details routed through Jupiter, while VanishTrade and Darklake focus on shielding transaction intent and liquidity routing, with Darklake introducing a "blind slippage pool" to prevent front-running. Further applications include private prediction markets (e.g., Melee Markets using Arcium's encrypted order books) and private AI. Loyal exemplifies the latter, using both Magic Block and Arcium to enable decentralized AI agents that store user data, conversations, and transactions confidentially on-chain. The article concludes by framing privacy not as a single technology but as an evolving "ultimate privacy stack," with experts like Helius's Mert envisioning a future combination of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) and Zero-Knowledge proofs (ZK). Helius Privacy itself is developing a ZK-based UTXO privacy layer for Solana.

Foresight News06/16 11:14

Solana Privacy Ecosystem Panorama: A Complete Privacy Stack from Compute to AI

Foresight News06/16 11:14

IC3 Top Universities Collaborative Analysis: Is AI x Crypto the Real Future or Just a Narrative Bubble?

IC3 researchers from leading universities analyze the convergence of AI and crypto. They argue meaningful integration is still nascent, with hype often outstripping progress. The report frames AI as a "translation middleware" making blockchain accessible, while crypto serves as a "trust middleware" via tools like ZK proofs and TEEs for integrity, availability, and confidentiality. Two main directions are examined: 1) **Crypto x AI**: Using AI to enhance blockchain via analysis (fraud detection), algorithmic design, and AI oracles (with accuracy varying by task). New risks include AI-driven malicious smart contracts. 2) **AI x Crypto**: Using crypto to enhance AI via decentralized infrastructure (DePIN), data markets, agent micropayments, governance, and securing AI pipelines (training/federated learning, secure inference). The "Protected Pipeline" (Props) framework combines oracles and trusted computation for secure use of private data. Key challenges are highlighted: The industry must rigorously prove decentralized AI's cost competitiveness and crypto's utility for agent payments. Major research gaps include providing systemic security for autonomous agents and addressing novel threats like unstoppable AI agents. The report concludes by debunking five common misconceptions: blockchain cannot inherently detect AI content, solve algorithmic bias, grant true AI autonomy, ensure AI trustworthiness through mere transparency, or guarantee that decentralization is always cheaper for AI tasks. The field remains in an early, evidence-seeking phase.

marsbit06/11 00:12

IC3 Top Universities Collaborative Analysis: Is AI x Crypto the Real Future or Just a Narrative Bubble?

marsbit06/11 00:12

Ethereum Foundation Researcher: Quantum Day Is Approaching, Plans to Complete Quantum-Resistant Migration by 2029

Ethereum Foundation researcher Justin Drake discusses the implications of a recent quantum computing breakthrough by Google’s quantum AI team, which demonstrated a 10x efficiency improvement in Shor’s algorithm against the secp256k1 elliptic curve used in Bitcoin and Ethereum. Notably, Google kept key algorithmic details confidential, using zero-knowledge proofs to verify the result without disclosure—a first in academia. Shortly after, the core optimization was independently reproduced, and an open-source competition (ecdsa.fail) emerged, further improving the algorithm by 8.4%. Meanwhile, startup Oratomic published research suggesting that neutral-atom quantum architectures could break secp256k1 with only 10,000 physical qubits, accelerating the timeline for "Q-Day"—the day quantum computers can break widely used cryptography. Drake estimates a 50% probability of Q-Day by 2032 and a 10% chance by 2030, contrasting with the U.S. government’s more conservative 2035 forecast. He warns against panic but stresses timely migration to post-quantum cryptography. Ethereum plans to complete its migration by 2029, covering consensus, data, and execution layers with hash-based systems. The Foundation is also developing leanVM, a formally verifiable zkVM, and has launched two $1 million initiatives to advance SNARK-friendly cryptography.

foresightnews_api06/05 04:07

Ethereum Foundation Researcher: Quantum Day Is Approaching, Plans to Complete Quantum-Resistant Migration by 2029

foresightnews_api06/05 04:07

From ZEC's Surge to Vitalik's Support: Will the Privacy Narrative Resurface?

From ZEC's surge to Vitalik's endorsement, is privacy making a comeback? The recent rally in ZEC has refocused attention on the crypto privacy sector. This resurgence stems from a growing market realization: while blockchain transparency builds trust, full exposure of user balances, trading strategies, and risk positions can become a vulnerability, especially for large traders and institutions on platforms like Hyperliquid. The privacy landscape has evolved beyond classic anonymity coins like ZEC, XMR, and DASH. It now encompasses privacy infrastructure projects such as Railgun (bringing privacy to DeFi) and Aztec (a privacy-focused L2), as well as newer entrants like Genius Terminal, SilentSwap, and 0xBow that emphasize transaction privacy while attempting to balance compliance. Industry trends confirm privacy is becoming integrated, not a niche feature. Perp DEX Aster has introduced a "Shield Mode," and Vitalik has discussed the need for native privacy at the Ethereum protocol level, including proposals like EIP-8182 for standardized private transfers. In conclusion, this revival is more than a simple sector rotation. It reflects a critical reassessment of transparency's limits. As on-chain finance matures, the challenge is finding a sustainable balance between necessary transparency for trust and essential privacy for protecting assets and strategies, making privacy a potential cornerstone of next-generation infrastructure.

marsbit05/27 09:53

From ZEC's Surge to Vitalik's Support: Will the Privacy Narrative Resurface?

marsbit05/27 09:53

Viewpoint: After Surviving the Death Cycle, Why Has Privacy Pioneer Zcash Returned to the Mainstream Spotlight?

Zcash, the pioneering privacy-focused cryptocurrency built with zero-knowledge proof (ZK) technology, is re-emerging as a major narrative. Having survived a "death cycle" and proven its resilient community, Zcash is now positioned at a unique convergence of factors driving renewed institutional and retail interest. Key catalysts include the increasing institutionalization of crypto (e.g., BlackRock's ETF), which creates a "Trojan horse" for privacy adoption through Zcash's transparent mode. The rise of AI-powered on-chain surveillance makes financial privacy a critical necessity, not just for niche users but for mainstream wealth preservation against overreach. ZK technology has finally matured to enable practical, user-friendly private transactions, a core advantage over older "obfuscation" methods like Monero's ring signatures. Zcash’s narrative as "private Bitcoin"—a fork with the same 2100M cap and PoW—is simple and powerful. It competes in the store-of-value arena, offering cryptographic privacy as a fundamental human right. Its development roadmap is robust, featuring a soon-to-be-complete quantum resistance upgrade for its shielded pool, faster block times, and improved wallet support (e.g., from Ledger). With backing from major funds and a growing developer ecosystem, Zcash is seen as leading the crucial reintegration of privacy into the crypto landscape, fulfilling the original cypherpunk vision.

marsbit05/21 10:28

Viewpoint: After Surviving the Death Cycle, Why Has Privacy Pioneer Zcash Returned to the Mainstream Spotlight?

marsbit05/21 10:28

ZK-Driven Bitcoin Privacy Solution Officially Launches on Starknet

Starknet has launched strkBTC, a ZK-driven privacy solution for Bitcoin. It uses Starknet's zero-knowledge technology to shield transaction details and balances on the public ledger, addressing growing security concerns like targeted robberies and AI-powered wallet tracking. The system is designed to be compliance-ready, featuring view keys for authorized audits and third-party screening to prevent illicit funds. Future plans include confidential DeFi activities on Starknet, quantum-resistant cryptography, integration with BitVM for enhanced security, and a long-term goal of a trustless bridge via a Bitcoin OP_CAT soft fork. The initiative aims to make Bitcoin function as private digital cash while maintaining necessary accountability.

marsbit05/14 11:09

ZK-Driven Bitcoin Privacy Solution Officially Launches on Starknet

marsbit05/14 11:09

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