# Пов'язані статті щодо SPV

Центр новин HTX надає останні статті та поглиблений аналіз на тему "SPV", що охоплює ринкові тренди, оновлення проєктів, технологічні розробки та регуляторну політику в криптоіндустрії.

Are Larger Funds Associated with Worse Returns? Micro-Funds + SPVs Are Becoming the New Standard in VC

The traditional 10-year blind-pool VC fund is being challenged by a hybrid model: small managers using lean "micro-funds" alongside deal-by-deal SPVs for follow-on co-investments. This structure lowers blended fees for LPs and allows GPs to focus on early-stage investing. The article argues this "small fund + SPV" approach is mathematically and incentive-wise superior to a single large fund. It highlights how better infrastructure has reduced SPV operational costs, and growing LP demand for co-investment rights is driving adoption. A survey of 56 GPs shows high SPV usage, primarily for follow-on capital, with LP-friendly terms (0-0.5% management fee, 16-20% carry common). The model aligns GP incentives with fund success, as micro-funds enable focus on early-stage, high-conviction bets without pressure to chase larger, later rounds. The shift towards more co-investment represents an evolution away from over-extended fund terms and misaligned fee structures.

marsbit07/27 11:49

Are Larger Funds Associated with Worse Returns? Micro-Funds + SPVs Are Becoming the New Standard in VC

marsbit07/27 11:49

Partner at Pantera Capital: How Tokenization Can Restructure the Private Equity and Early-Stage Investment Ecosystem?

"Tokenized Startups: Rebalancing Access to High-Growth Companies" by Jay Yu, compiled by Jiahuan, ChainCatcher The article explores how tokenization could democratize access to high-growth private companies, addressing a market gap created as firms like Stripe and SpaceX stay private for over a decade, depriving public investors of early growth returns. It identifies three converging trends enabling this shift: the explosive growth of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) as makeshift liquidity tools, the rise of tokenized real-world assets (RWA), and the breakdown of the "token vs. equity" consensus where project tokens often fail to capture value. The landscape of tokenized startup platforms is analyzed across two dimensions: investment mechanisms (from equity-holding SPVs like PreStocks to perpetual futures like TradeXYZ) and company stage (early-stage to pre-IPO giants). A key finding is a strong power-law concentration, with most platform volume driven by a few high-profile pre-IPO names like SpaceX and Anthropic. Platforms providing direct equity exposure (e.g., Robinhood Ventures) currently see higher volumes than pure synthetic/perpetual platforms. The discussion highlights major challenges and opportunities: 1. **Founder/Team Alignment:** Gaining company consent for tokenization is critical, as seen when Anthropic and OpenAI objected. Proposed solutions include tokenized startup baskets, accelerator models (e.g., Street, MetaDAO helping startups grow), and community token distributions to align incentives. 2. **Non-U.S. Jurisdictions:** Tokenization offers significant potential in regions with less efficient capital markets (e.g., South Korea), providing global liquidity and better valuations for local champions. 3. **Price Discovery for Perpetuals:** Synthetic/perpetual platforms avoid consent issues but face price discovery challenges for illiquid private assets. TradeXYZ's success with Cerebras Systems' pre-IPO perpetual, which accurately predicted the IPO price, showcases potential but scalability remains unproven. 4. **Legal & Regulatory Structure:** Regulatory treatment varies. Issuer-sponsored tokens are treated as traditional securities. Third-party tokens face complex classifications—custodial tokens represent claims on held shares, while synthetic tokens (perpetuals, linked notes) are separate securities subject to strict rules, often restricting U.S. retail access. In conclusion, tokenized startup mechanisms represent an attempt to restore the public market's historical function of providing early, liquid exposure to high-growth companies. For crypto tokens, successfully capturing real economic upside in startups could resolve their current identity crisis and fulfill their original promise.

marsbit06/10 12:57

Partner at Pantera Capital: How Tokenization Can Restructure the Private Equity and Early-Stage Investment Ecosystem?

marsbit06/10 12:57

Partner at Pantera Capital: How Tokenization Could Reshape the Private Equity and Early-Stage Investment Ecosystem?

The article discusses how tokenization could reshape private equity and early-stage investment. Historically, public markets allowed early access to high-growth companies, but today's leading tech firms (e.g., Stripe, SpaceX) remain private for over a decade, with private capital capturing their growth phase. Temporary fixes like SPVs and secondary markets have emerged but are not fundamental solutions. Tokenized venture assets present a potential solution, converging three trends: the explosive growth of SPVs, the rapid expansion of tokenized real-world assets (RWA), and the breakdown of the "token vs. equity" consensus, where project tokens have become subordinate to equity in value capture. This creates an opportunity for tokenized startups to offer public, liquid exposure to venture-scale returns. The landscape includes various models: equity-backed tokens via SPVs or funds (e.g., PreStocks, Robinhood Ventures) and synthetic perpetual futures offering only price exposure (e.g., TradeXYZ, Ventuals). Trading volume is heavily concentrated in late-stage, pre-IPO companies like SpaceX and Anthropic and shows a power-law distribution across platforms. Key challenges and opportunities include aligning with founder/team interests, which can be addressed through models like tokenized startup baskets, accelerator models, or community token distributions. Expanding into non-U.S. jurisdictions with less efficient capital markets offers another path. For perpetual futures models, the central challenge is accurate price discovery for private assets without reliable oracles; TradeXYZ's success with Cerebras Systems pre-IPO pricing demonstrates potential. Regulatory and legal structures for these tokenized instruments remain nascent and untested. In conclusion, tokenization represents an effort to restore the early, liquid access to high-growth companies that public markets once provided. It could also resolve the identity crisis of project tokens by granting them genuine claims on venture-scale upside, potentially fulfilling crypto's original promise with more mature infrastructure.

链捕手06/10 12:38

Partner at Pantera Capital: How Tokenization Could Reshape the Private Equity and Early-Stage Investment Ecosystem?

链捕手06/10 12:38

A Comprehensive Analysis of On-Chain Pre-IPO: Why is the Pricing Power of SpaceX and OpenAI Moving On-Chain?

This podcast episode explores the rise of on-chain pre-IPO price discovery and trading, focusing on companies like SpaceX, OpenAI, and Anthropic. Key trends include the recent launch of a SpaceX pre-IPO perpetual contract on Hyperliquid, the secondary market trading of AI company shares, and a new partnership between Nasdaq Private Market and Polymarket. Dio Casares explains why AI companies like OpenAI and Anthropic actively deny the legitimacy of secondary trades. Primary reasons are to protect their primary funding rounds (as secondary trades don't provide cash to the company) and to avoid complex legal and administrative responsibilities associated with settling these transactions. He argues that on-chain **derivatives** (like perpetuals) are a more viable solution than **tokenized spot markets**, as they better navigate U.S. regulatory holding period requirements, provide effective hedging, and avoid antagonizing the companies themselves by competing with their primary raises. The discussion covers the risks and methods of gaining pre-IPO exposure, from direct investments and SPVs to riskier, layered structures that can lead to legal complications and settlement issues. Casares also maps the landscape of key players, differentiating between traditional secondary brokers (like Forge, Hiive, and Setter) and on-chain derivatives protocols (like Trade.xyz/Ventuals on Hyperliquid) and tokenization platforms (often on Solana). He positions Patagon as a facilitator for access to private market deals but clarifies it avoids on-chain tokenization to maintain good relations with portfolio companies. Looking ahead, the convergence of a historic IPO pipeline (with potential trillion-dollar valuations), the 24/7 nature of crypto markets, and the strategic use of pre-market perpetuals as a "loss leader" suggest continued growth and competition in the on-chain pre-IPO space.

marsbit05/22 10:19

A Comprehensive Analysis of On-Chain Pre-IPO: Why is the Pricing Power of SpaceX and OpenAI Moving On-Chain?

marsbit05/22 10:19

Those Who Rushed into SpaceX's Private Secondary Market Are Bewildered in the Greatest Wealth Creation Wave Ever

Investors are rushing into SpaceX’s private secondary market ahead of its historic IPO, but many are finding confusion instead of clarity. While early backers like Darsana Capital are poised for astronomical returns—turning a $600M bet into roughly $150B—other buyers face uncertainty about whether they actually own SpaceX shares at all. The frenzy stems from AI-driven FOMO, as soaring valuations for private companies like OpenAI and SpaceX create intense demand for pre-IPO exposure. This has fueled a booming but opaque secondary market, where special purpose vehicles (SPVs) layer investments, adding fees and obscuring ownership. Some investors are three or four layers removed from the actual stock, unable to verify their holdings. With companies staying private longer—SpaceX for 24 years—secondary trading has grown complex and risky. Platforms have faced fraud, bankruptcy, and regulatory scrutiny. Now, firms like Anthropic and OpenAI are publicly rejecting unauthorized transfers, warning that shares sold through certain platforms may be invalid. SpaceX’s IPO filing in June will finally reveal the official shareholder list, resolving these uncertainties. Until then, buying into SpaceX through secondary channels remains a high-stakes gamble—a blind box in a market overflowing with capital and complexity.

marsbit05/20 10:10

Those Who Rushed into SpaceX's Private Secondary Market Are Bewildered in the Greatest Wealth Creation Wave Ever

marsbit05/20 10:10

Conversation with Patagon Founder: Revealing the Inside Story of Anthropic's Secondary Market

**Summary: Inside Anthropic's Massive, Opaque Secondary Market** In a revealing interview, Patagon founder Dio Casares pulls back the curtain on the booming, high-risk secondary market for shares in companies like Anthropic. This private market, fueled by companies staying private longer and massive funding rounds, is estimated to involve hundreds of billions of dollars. Casares distinguishes between two types of "secondary" trading: 1. **Company-approved SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle) sales:** Where new capital flows into the company, often facilitated by select private equity firms. Anthropic supports this to manage liquidity and pre-IPO selling pressure. 2. **The "gray" market:** Platforms like Hive and Forge that match buyers and sellers, often creating pricing confusion and competing with official funding rounds. These intermediaries are widely disliked by companies. The market structure is complex and fragmented, relying heavily on personal connections. Brokers connect buyers and sellers, often layering multiple SPVs to pool capital, with single transaction fees as high as 10%. Strikingly, some finance professionals earn more from this trading than from their primary investment roles. **Key risks highlighted include:** * **High Fraud Rates:** An estimated 10-20% of transactions involve fake stock certificates or sellers who take payment without having the shares. * **Complex, Risky Structures:** Nested SPVs, "forward contracts" on employee equity, and tokenized private equity create layers of opacity. This is exemplified by a recent incident where an xAI employee's shares were revoked after an espionage allegation, leaving buyers empty-handed. * **Post-IPO "Settlement Hell":** After an IPO, delays in distributing shares through multiple SPV layers and decisions by fund managers to hold onto shares could trigger years of lawsuits as downstream investors are locked out. **For small investors** holding positions through tokenized vehicles or layered SPVs, it's often impossible to verify the underlying asset. Casares advises caution: if the investment feels wrong, consider exiting. As the private market now surpasses IPO fundraising, this "wild west" ecosystem faces a looming reckoning. While it will likely professionalize, the post-IPO period for a company like Anthropic could unleash a wave of disputes, exposing the vulnerabilities built into this frenzied, largely unregulated marketplace.

marsbit05/17 01:08

Conversation with Patagon Founder: Revealing the Inside Story of Anthropic's Secondary Market

marsbit05/17 01:08

Bankless Interview: Private Equity Insiders Reveal the Inside Story of Anthropic's Primary Market Trading

**Bankless Interview: A Private Equity Veteran Exposes the Dark Side of Anthropic's Pre-IPO Trading** In a Bankless podcast, Patagon founder Dio Casares reveals the opaque inner workings of the massive secondary market for shares in pre-IPO giants like Anthropic. The market, driven by private SPVs (special purpose vehicles), brokers, and even informal networks, sees hundreds of billions in notional value changing hands, with single-deal fees as high as 10%. However, an estimated 10-20% of transactions involve fraud or fabricated share certificates. Intermediaries often profit more from these deals than from their core investment businesses. Two types of "secondary" exist: company-sanctioned trades (like employee tender offers) that bring new money to the company, and disruptive "gray market" trades on platforms like Hive or Forge, which companies like Anthropic actively fight. The latter creates pricing chaos and complicates primary fundraising. A major risk involves multi-layered, nested SPV structures. When a company like Anthropic finally IPOs, delays in distributing shares down these chains, combined with discretionary powers of fund managers (GPs) to hold or sell, could trigger a wave of lawsuits and settlement nightmares lasting years. For small investors in "tokenized" versions of these assets, transparency is minimal, and due diligence is often impossible. Casares advises extreme caution, suggesting investors trust their gut and exit if something feels wrong. He warns that the post-IPO period will be a major "reckoning" for this wild and largely unregulated market.

marsbit05/15 09:44

Bankless Interview: Private Equity Insiders Reveal the Inside Story of Anthropic's Primary Market Trading

marsbit05/15 09:44

Anthropic and OpenAI Have Single-Handedly Severed the Logic of Pre-IPO Stock Tokenization

The pre-IPO stock token market is experiencing significant turmoil following strong statements from AI giants Anthropic and OpenAI. Both companies have updated their official policies, declaring that any transfer of their company shares—including sales, transfers, or assignments of share interests—without prior board approval is "invalid" and will not be recognized in their corporate records. This means buyers in such unauthorized transactions would not be recognized as shareholders and would have no shareholder rights. A major point of contention is the use of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs), which are legal entities commonly used by pre-IPO token platforms to pool investor funds and indirectly acquire shares from employees or early investors. The companies explicitly state they do not permit SPVs to acquire their shares, and any such transfer violates their restrictions. They warn that third parties selling shares through SPVs, direct sales, forward contracts, or stock tokens are likely engaged in fraud or are offering worthless investments due to these transfer limits. This stance directly threatens the core model of many pre-IPO token platforms, which rely on SPV structures. The announcement revealed additional risks within this model, such as complex "SPV-within-SPV" layering that obscures legal transparency, increases management fees, and creates a chain reaction risk of invalidation. Following the news, tokens like ANTHROPIC and OPENAI on platforms like PreStocks fell sharply (over 20%). The market reaction highlights a divergence: while asset-backed pre-IPO tokens plummeted, purely speculative pre-IPO futures contracts, which are bilateral bets on future IPO prices with no claim to actual shares, remained relatively stable as they are unaffected by the transfer restrictions. The industry is split on the implications. Some believe the fundamental logic of pre-IPO token trading is broken if leading companies reject SPV-held shares, potentially causing a domino effect. Others, like Rivet founder Nick Abouzeid, argue that buyers of such unofficial tokens always knowingly accepted the risk of non-recognition by the company. The statements serve as a stark risk warning and a corrective measure for a market where valuations for some AI-related pre-IPO tokens had soared to irrational levels, far exceeding recent funding round valuations.

marsbit05/12 05:04

Anthropic and OpenAI Have Single-Handedly Severed the Logic of Pre-IPO Stock Tokenization

marsbit05/12 05:04

Anthropic and OpenAI Personally Sever the Logic of Pre-IPO Crypto-Stocks

The pre-IPO token market has been rocked by strong statements from Anthropic and OpenAI. Both AI giants have updated official warnings, declaring that any sale or transfer of their company shares without explicit board approval is "invalid" and will not be recognized on their corporate records. This directly targets Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs), the common legal structure used by pre-IPO token platforms. These platforms typically use an SPV to acquire shares from employees or early investors, then issue blockchain-based tokens representing a claim on the SPV's economic benefits. Anthropic and OpenAI's position means that if an SPV's share purchase lacked authorization, the underlying asset could be deemed worthless, nullifying the token's value. Anthropic explicitly warned that any third party selling its shares—via direct sales, forwards, or tokens—is likely fraudulent or offering a valueless investment. The crackdown highlights risks in the popular SPV model, including complex multi-layered "Russian doll" SPV structures that obscure legal ownership, add fees, and concentrate risk. If one layer is invalidated, the entire chain could collapse. Following the announcements, tokens like ANTHROPIC and OPENAI on platforms like PreStocks fell sharply (over 20%). In contrast, purely speculative pre-IPO prediction contracts remained stable, as they involve no actual share ownership. The move is seen as a corrective measure amid a market frenzy where some pre-IPO token valuations (e.g., Anthropic's token hitting a $1.4 trillion implied valuation) far exceeded recent official funding rounds. Opinions are split: some believe this undermines the core logic of pre-IPO token trading if top companies reject SPVs, while others argue buyers always assumed this legal risk when accessing unofficial channels. The statements serve as a stark warning and a potential catalyst for market de-leveraging and clearer boundaries.

Odaily星球日报05/12 05:00

Anthropic and OpenAI Personally Sever the Logic of Pre-IPO Crypto-Stocks

Odaily星球日报05/12 05:00

Understanding Stock Tokenization in One Article: Who's Doing It, How to Buy, and What Are the Risks?

In the past 60 days, the U.S. capital market has undergone structural changes surpassing the last decade. The SEC outlined a blueprint for tokenized securities, Nasdaq received approval for token settlement, and NYSE partnered with Securitize to launch a tokenization platform. Despite a global equity market worth ~$140 trillion, tokenized stocks represent only ~$890 million—a 0.0007% penetration. The SEC’s January 2026 statement classified tokenized securities into four models: - **Model A (Issuer-Sponsored)**: Direct on-chain ownership (e.g., Galaxy Digital tokenizing its own stock). - **Model B (Tokenized Securities)**: Intermediated custody with blockchain settlement (adopted by Nasdaq, NYSE, DTC). - **Model C (Pegged Securities)**: Synthetic claims via omnibus accounts (e.g., Ondo Finance, xStocks, Dinari—dominant with ~$650M TVL). - **Model D (Derivative Contracts)**: Pure synthetic exposure (e.g., Ventuals’ perpetual swaps on Hyperliquid). For public stocks, Models C and B lead, but face challenges: Model C introduces counterparty risk (no SIPC insurance), while Model A requires issuer participation. Private market tokenization is more transformative, addressing illiquidity and high barriers in the $7T private equity space. Platforms like PreStocks and Jarsy offer 24/7 tokenized access to pre-IPO stocks (e.g., SpaceX, OpenAI) but lack direct ownership rights. Traditional private equity platforms (Forge, EquityZen) are regulated but slow and expensive. Key risks include fee stacking in SPV structures, regulatory uncertainty, and synthetic products’ high funding rates (e.g., Ventuals’ 54% annualized cost for long positions). Infrastructure players (e.g., Securitize, Berry) are advancing models with independent custody to mitigate risks. The convergence of institutional adoption and retail demand signals a foundational shift in market structure, though scalability and transparency remain critical hurdles.

marsbit04/16 03:25

Understanding Stock Tokenization in One Article: Who's Doing It, How to Buy, and What Are the Risks?

marsbit04/16 03:25

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