不可违背的准则:元宇宙三大定律

火星财经Опубліковано о 2022-02-18Востаннє оновлено о 2022-03-14

Анотація

元数据是不可修改、不随区块高度而变化以及不受链与平台(空间)的限制。

1942年,著名科幻小说家艾萨克·阿西莫夫曾在他的作品《转圈圈》一书中,提出了著名的机器人三大定律:

  • 第一定律:机器人不得伤害人类个体,或者目睹人类个体将遭受危险而袖手不管
  • 第二定律:机器人必须服从人给予它的命令,当该命令与第一定律冲突时例外
  • 第三定律:机器人在不违反第一、第二定律的情况下要尽可能保护自己的生存

这三大定律在之后的科幻界中大放光彩,不仅被很多科幻作品所借鉴,甚至还催生了一种新兴学科——机械伦理学,它主要研究人类和机械之间的关系,伴随着如今人工智能和机器人应用的普及,这一学科如今也开始走向了台前。

如果说在现实世界中,万有引力是宇宙运行的普遍法则,在机器人领域,机器人三定律是智能机器人的行为准则,那在元宇宙世界中,是否存着类似的"元宇宙准则"呢?如果有这些准则针对的对象又是谁?

资产


在明确对象之前,我们需要回答一个问题,在元宇宙世界是先有"鸡"还是先有"蛋"?
这里的鸡我们可以将其看做数字身份,但这个身份是广义的,它可以是一件装备,一个数字人甚至是数字宠物等不同的物种,最关键的是他它需要底层公链绑定,只定义了基础且核心的属性,没有框定所以信息。而蛋是这个物种所处的环境,可以是不同的元宇宙,也可以是一个元宇宙中不同的场景。

定义清楚后,这个是先有蛋还是先有鸡的问题就很好回答了。因为元宇宙外部环境的变量无穷无尽的,而这只鸡,我们只需定义它的少数基本属性,即可在元宇宙中畅行无阻,所以,是先有鸡后有蛋。同时,在这种设定下,元宇宙设计所需要遵循的原则会简化很多,我们将这种"基本属性"称之为元数据,而最典型的代表就是全年大火的Loot。

元数据本来是一个计算机术语,表述为数据的数据,比如数据的类与结构信息,其目的在于识别数据,评价数据,搜索与追踪数据。元宇宙的元数据是相似的,它定义物种/身份的基本属性,比如性别、身高、生命力、攻击、防守等等。元数据一经建立,便可共享。所以元数据必须存储在区块链之上,可被智能合约调用,而不是存储于游戏服务器端,只能被平台许可的接口调用。

资产


元数据首先是一种编码体系,它最为重要的特征和功能是为物种属性建立一种机器可理解框架,牵一发而动全局,所以它必须是不可修改的,即使是协议的发布者也不能拥有修改它的超级管理员权限。但是元宇宙可以通过社区DAO,允许元数据在社区投票通过的情况下进行修改,于是,我们得到了元宇宙第一定律:元数据是不可修改的,除非在DAO投票通过的前提下。

如果我们将元宇宙看作一个游戏世界,那这个游戏拥有一个开放世界观,而不是像传统互联网游戏,每个游戏内部都是一个封闭的世界,A游戏中的道具在B游戏中并不存在,也无法使用,也就是说元宇宙协议需具有普适性,这也引出了元宇宙第二定律——空间平移不变性:元数据保持相对不变,不受链与平台(空间)的限制。

比如:我们常说的就是链上游戏资产可以不受游戏所在链与平台的限制,在不同空间中流转,对于一个元宇宙里的游戏来说,资产(角色、金币、道具等)是可以先于游戏而存在,游戏开发者可以对"资产"的数据进行不同的定义,但基本的元数据无法更改,既然资产可以先于游戏出现,本身也说明了"资产"这种类型的元数据是不受链与平台限制的。

资产


举个例子,游戏开发者可以将某个资产的A属性解读为生命,B属性解读为力量,另一个游戏开发者也可以将A属性解读为力量,将B属性解读为生命,但他们都不可以修改A、B属性的数值 。游戏开发者完全可以在他的游戏中,设定A属性不重要,只是一种可有可无的属性。B属性极其重要,是不可或缺的基本属性,这相当于他在游戏中赋予了A、B属性不同的权重。

元宇宙第二定律本质是关于跨链和跨平台,链上资产是可以跨越不同类型的元宇宙世界,也可以跨越不同的底层公链,但其基础的元数据保持不变,这也是维持元宇宙世界观不混乱的的关键。

资产


对于以区块链作为基座的元宇宙来说,资产属性的时间平移不变性非常重要,因为元宇宙资产的价值来源就是它们的属性。如果属性随时间而变化,那么它们的外部市场价格就会有非常剧烈的变化,所有的游戏都将失去价值评估与游戏设定的锚。这也是元宇宙第三定律——时间平移不变性:元数据不随区块高度而变化。

区块高度是区块链的时钟,每隔一段时间生成一个区块,区块高度就是这些区块链编号,区块高度也是元宇宙世界里的时间之尺,这里需要指出的是,时间平移不变性并不是指属性完全不随区块高度而变化,对与动态属性而言,使它变化的函数关系才是它的元数据,所以,动态属性的时间平移不变性是指,在任何区块高度,它的函数关系是不变的。

总结一下,在元宇宙中,我们以元数据为对象,从区块链底层技术出发,将元宇宙的三大定律归结如下:

  • 元宇宙第一定律:元数据是不可修改的,除非在DAO投票通过的前提下。
  • 元宇宙第二定律——空间平移不变性:元数据保持相对不变,不受链与平台(空间)的限制。
  • 元宇宙第三定律——时间平移不变性:元数据不随区块高度而变化。

这三大定律也是当前原生加密元宇宙的发展主轴,同时也是传统机构想要构建元宇宙社会所必须要做出的改变。和阿西莫所提出的机器人三大定律一样,在不成熟阶段,这些定律看起来有些乌托邦,但当他们走向成熟时,当相关问题被大家所关注时,它们的价值才会真正体现了出来。

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