Web3:从Tornado Cash事件来看稳定币、托管、隐私

去中心化金融社区Опубліковано о 2022-08-15Востаннє оновлено о 2022-08-15

Анотація

Tornado Cash是以太坊区块链(或其他EVM兼容网络)上的去中心化、点对点数字现金协议,允许用户发送和接收匿名支付。

Tornado Cash是以太坊区块链(或其他EVM兼容网络)上的去中心化、点对点数字现金协议,允许用户发送和接收匿名支付。周一,美国财政部OFAC将Tornado Cash添加到了特别指定国民和黑名单中。这意味着,任何与这个去中心化的代码片段互动的人都有可能会被处以最高 330,947 美元的罚款和最高 30 年的监禁。

在公告发布后不久,有用户用Tornado Cash的一小笔钱“抹掉”了所有引人注目的公开区块链地址。

紧接着,一名29岁的男子在阿姆斯特丹被捕,理由是他涉嫌参与Tornado Cash的开发。

2022年8月8日注定成为Web3的一个历史性时刻。区块链的基本价值一直被嵌入在去中心化和无需许可参与的属性中,使用户能够以无需许可的方式自行保管其资产并以同样的方式遍历应用程序,无论其身份如何。

很多人都可以加入一个超越边界的全球互联金融生态系统。

Github、 Infura、Oasis、Alchemy Platform、USDC、Circle。

以上所有公司都在采取措施保护自己免受制裁,他们正拒绝向受到美国财政部制裁的用户提供服务。

所有这些企业和实体都选择遵守美国对Tornado Cash的制裁。

“由于今天的行动,上述实体Tornado Cash在美国境内或由美国人拥有或控制的所有财产和权益都被封,并必须向 OFAC 报告。任何由一名或多名被禁者直接或间接拥有 50% 或更多股份的实体也将被封。除非获得 OFAC 颁发的一般或特定许可证授权或豁免,否则美国人或在美国境内(或过境)的所有交易会均被封,这些交易涉及被指定或以其他方式被封的人的任何财产或财产权益。这些禁令包括任何被封的人作出任何捐赠或提供资金、货物或服务,或为任何被封的人提供资金、货物或服务,或为任何被封的人接受任何捐赠或提供资金、货物或服务。”——美国财政部

用户使用Tornado Cash隐私保护功能的原因是什么?

购买一个产品时,没有其他供应商能够跟踪购买元数据;

保密员工薪酬;

保密承包商付款;

付小费;

匿名为某一特定事业捐款;

匿名捐赠给某人;

通过应用程序交互来保护隐私;

在网上想保持匿名;

想要将真实世界的身份与加密地址分开;

每个人都可以访问所有这些信息(零售商、银行、潜在雇主),用户质疑他们是否会非道德的使用这些信息。

无需许可参与的不可变性

制裁宣布后,协议立即提出了一个问题:“.....如果我们作为协议受到制裁,我们是否有能力将使用我们服务的地址列入黑名单以保持合规?“ 提出这样一个问题,就是立即对我所说的“无需许可参与的不可变性”提出了质疑。在我们谈论参与之前,我们必须从区块链的基础开始。最初,赋予区块链价值的一个基本属性是正确性的不可变性——区块链能够在相互不信任的双方之间传递信任。

比特币含蓄地保证了一个短暂的承诺,即任何不受限制的人都可以/将能够与这个不可变和正确的数据库交互。

关于稳定币和托管

USDC余额的冻结让人们开始关注去中心化稳定币的重要性。简单地说,如果其他人有能力接管我们的潜在资金,那么我们就有可能失去它们。

然而,Web3经常选择流动性而不是属性。在一段时间内,这是有效的,但只是因为无需许可参与的属性还没有被严重违反。

用户会选择什么样的稳定币?他们会选择效用最大的稳定币(USDC)还是属性最好的稳定币(SILK, IST)?虽然我的直觉告诉我应该是效用,但我不禁觉得大多数企业家和区块链的早期采用者都明白属性的价值大于效用价值。如果有足够多的人推动这一点,我们便有机会在我们的产业中巩固长期的文化立场。

如果我们不呢?到那时,中心化的稳定币将缓慢但肯定地主导整个领域。真正去中心化的协议只会被淘汰,采用率和效用会更少。中心化和去中心化稳定币之间的效用差距将被无限扩大。

我们正生活在一个独特的历史时刻,在这个时刻,用户和建设者之间的心灵之战处于微妙的平衡之中。

像SILK这样的去中心化稳定币现在具有以下属性:

私人

无需许可

快速

去中心化挂钩

去中心化抵押品

全球范围

稳定

可审计

未来的稳定币将是去中心化的,但前提是消费者会选择它。

Web3的美元化

Tornado Cash和USDC的最后一个令人不安的趋势是Web3的美元化。Web3协议采用的美元越多,传统结构对Web3未来的影响和杠杆就越大。下面列出USDC、USDT、DAI和FRAX为例。即使是Web3的去中心化稳定币(就托管而言)也仍然与美元挂钩,并由此继承了各自货币政策的中心化。

为了让Web3能够相对独立,所以需要在消费者和稳定币之间有意识地走向去中心化的挂钩,而不是与单一货币挂钩。

我们有机会创造更好的货币。相反,Web3的趋势是在“去中心化”的环境中简单地重建现有的金融权力结构。

愿我们追求最高的品质。以免我们侵犯了这项技术的完整性以及它可以为世界各地的用户解锁的内容。

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