以太坊期权激增 究竟代表了什么?

吴说区块链Опубліковано о 2022-08-12Востаннє оновлено о 2022-08-15

Анотація

ETH 领涨,市场交易活动的活跃,“ETH 市值超越 BTC” 的话题讨论再现。

注:NYDIG 文章发布于8月6日,当下部分数据已与6日出现变化

摘要

ETH 领涨,市场交易活动的活跃,“ETH 市值超越 BTC” 的话题讨论再现。

ETH 期权交易增加,特别是上涨 Call 期权。

然而,对期权交易数据的进一步观察使这一看涨故事变得更加复杂。

“ETH 市值超越 BTC” 即将发生?

过去几周,随着以太坊期权交易量激增以及以太坊合并在即,“ETH 市值超越 BTC” 的口号愈发热烈。然而,对交易数据的仔细检查表明,虽然交易员似乎在表达看涨的观点,但并不像草率分析数据所显示的那样肆无忌惮。

期权交易员交易合并预期

7 月 14 日以太坊开发者电话会议公布了更准确的合并时间线,这引发了以太坊现货价格的反弹。在现货价格上涨的同时,期权交易活动也有所增加,尤其是与 BTC 相关的期权交易,这表明交易员们开始对这一重大事件有所预期。ETH 期权交易量通常约占 BTC 日均名义交易量(以美元计)的 60%,开始超过BTC。交易活动的增加导致未平仓合约的增加,未平仓合约的价值也超过了 7 月 23 日的 BTC。

Put/Call 比显示 Call 期权交易增长

随着最近 ETH 期权交易的上升,我们认为探寻本质,确定交易者在做什么是有指导意义的。一个流行的期权指标是 Put/Call 期权交易量比率。鉴于看涨期权允许交易者表达杠杆式的多头观点, Put/Call 比率下降有时被视为一个看涨信号。事实上,自今年年中以来,Put/Call 比率一直在稳步下降,并在 7 月份出现了一个大的跌幅。如果交易者认为合并是对以太坊有利的事件,这是有道理的,但是,正如我们在后面讨论的那样,单看看涨期权量并不能说明全部情况。

到期日期可能蕴含着事情路径的线索

大多数(主要是看涨)期权合约将在 2022 年 9 月底、2022 年 12 月和 2023 年 3 月到期,其中大多数将在 12 月到期。考虑到合并暂定在 9 月中旬,12 月到期的看涨合约的增加值得注意。这可能意味着交易员预计合并后会出现长期上涨,或者他们认为合并可能会推迟。作为比较,12 月 BTC 期权的未平仓量与 9 月和 12 月的大致相同,但在 2023 年 3 月的未平仓量要小得多。

价外看涨期权显示重要的价格水平

ETH 期权的未平仓合约显示,$2500、$3000、$3500 和 $4000 行权价的看涨合约明显增加(与原文撰稿时的现货价格 $1591 相比)。更具体地说,12 月到期的 $3000 行权价看涨合约(32 万份合约)占了 12 月到期合约的很大一部分。这些价格水平很重要,因为它们说明了交易商和做市商在未来几个月内所关注的关键价格水平。

公众分析没有抓住要点

公众媒体已经迅速捕捉到 ETH 不断增长的期权活动,并得出结论,交易员在合并之前疯狂地看涨,ETH 在期权活动方面已经超过了BTC。话虽如此,这里忽略了对交易活动分析的一个重要细微差别,那就是交易者可以卖出看涨期权,也可以买入。 看涨期权代表了在特定时间内以特定价格购买相关资产的权利。买入看涨期权是交易者表达方向性观点的一种方式,而不需要花费资金购买相同的现货风险。当交易在像 Deribit 这样的交易所(占期权交易量的90%以上)执行时,每笔交易都被标记为 "买 "或 "卖"。这可能看起来很奇怪,因为所有的交易都同时涉及到买入和卖出。然而,根据交易执行的价格和订单簿,可以推断出交易的发起人是想买入还是卖出期权。以报价执行的交易意味着活跃的交易者通过从做市商那里购买来表达市场意见,而做市商只是想通过提供流动性来赚钱。因此,当交易在市场的要价或叫价方执行时,被标记为 "买入",而在市场的买价方执行时被标记为 "卖出"。

如果我们在交易活动中看到的都是 "买入",我们就会得出与媒体类似的结论,即交易者疯狂地看涨合并。然而,在现实中,数据显示除了买入之外,还有大量的卖出看涨期权,这仍然导致交易量和未平仓合约的增长,但这是一个非常不同的交易。根据 Deribit 的数据,总的看来,市场正在大致上执行所谓的 "蝴蝶" 期权策略。这意味着交易者在 $2500 附近买入看涨期权,在 $3000 附近卖出双倍数量的看涨期权,并在 $3500 附近再次买入。这意味着,如果 ETH 价格上涨,他们就会获利,但只有在价格上涨到 $3500 以下时才会获利,否则他们什么也得不到。这是一个比纯粹购买上涨的交易更便宜的交易,因为这种期权结构是仅仅购买 $2500 看涨期权价格的 1/3。由于这个 $3500 的行权价格是今天现货价格 $1591 的两倍多,交易商明显看到了上涨空间,但不是无限的上涨。

总结

公众媒体一致认为,在合并之前,交易面上似乎非常利好 ETH,这确实是,交易员们在购买上行看涨期权,以利用潜在的价格飙升。然而,看涨的程度可能被夸大了。许多未平仓合约与更大的期权组合相关,这些期权组合对价格表现出更微妙的看法。随着合并日期逐渐逼近,我们将继续密切关注未来几周的仓位变化。

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