连线杂志:加密富豪更容易被绑架?

Odaily星球日报Опубліковано о 2025-02-27Востаннє оновлено о 2025-02-27

Анотація

来自加密货币行业的安保需求大幅增加。

原文作者:Joel Khalili,连线杂志记者

原文编译:Luffy,Foresight News

连线杂志:加密富豪更容易被绑架?

一名穿着得体的保安正在手持对讲机通话

1 月 21 日凌晨,David Balland 和他的妻子在法国奢华的卢瓦尔河谷地区梅罗镇自家门外,被持枪的几名绑匪胁迫上了不同的车辆。一名检察官表示,绑架者的目标是 Balland,他是加密货币钱包公司 Ledger 的联合创始人之一,而绑架者的目的是索要赎金。

绑架者向 Ledger 的另一位联合创始人Éric Larchevêque 传达了他们的要求,不过执法部门尚未披露具体内容。为了迫使对方支付全额赎金,他们砍下了 Balland 的一根手指。针对这次绑架,法国当局派出了两百多名警察展开调查。

1 月 22 日,警方在邻近的沙托鲁镇的一处住宅中解救出了 Balland。随后,他们在一辆破旧的货车后座上找到了他的妻子,她被捆绑着,但身体并无大碍。

巴黎检察官 Laure Beccuau 在 1 月 23 日的新闻发布会上以及随后的报道中讲述了这些事件。Beccuau 宣称,当局已逮捕了十名涉嫌与这起绑架案有关的人员。她说,这些人面临 「酷刑、残忍行为和敲诈勒索」 等罪行的指控,如果罪名成立,他们将面临最高无期徒刑的刑罚。

Ledger 公司以调查仍在进行以及需要保护 Balland 的隐私为由,拒绝置评。Ledger 首席执行官 Pascal Gauthier 在 X(原推特)上发文称:「Balland 和他的妻子已被释放,我们深感欣慰。」

无独有偶,这起可怕的绑架事件发生前不久,一名加密货币行业高管在加拿大被绑架索要赎金,United Healthcare 首席执行官也遭到暗杀。这一系列事件让加密货币行业人心惶惶。知情的安保行业消息人士告诉《连线》杂志,为了保护自己,富有的加密货币行业人士纷纷求助于保镖服务,保镖服务的需求大幅增加。

「和人类的其他情感一样,恐惧是一种强大的驱动力…… 这些头条新闻无疑引发了很多担忧」, Adam Healy 说。他曾是一名美国海军陆战队队员,现在是专注于加密领域的网络安全公司 Station 70 的首席执行官,经常帮助行业内的联系人获得安保服务。「保安需求大幅增长。」

并非每一起绑架或敲诈勒索案件都会被报道,因此很难客观评估加密货币行业富人所面临的实际风险。这些头条新闻加剧了人们对绑架的恐惧,而这对私人安保企业有利,他们有动机夸大这种威胁。

事实上,由于加密技术的特性,掌控大量加密货币的人比普通企业高管更容易遭受暴力勒索:与普通货币不同,加密货币存储在数字钱包中,仅由密钥保护。加密货币交易不可逆转,如果坏人能胁迫某人交出密钥,他们就能不受限制地获取钱包里的加密货币。

「这是加密货币创立的基本原则之一:自我保管原则。私钥不在手,加密货币就不属于你。」 一位曾雇过保镖保护自己的加密货币行业高管表示,出于个人安全考虑,他要求匿名。「这就相当于把(你的钱)藏在床垫里。」

随着时间的推移,加密货币机构已采取措施降低自我保管带来的风险,比如将加密货币存储在特殊钱包中,任何交易都需要多人签名才能进行。有时,他们甚至会把钱包密钥分成几个碎片,分别存储在不同地方。但即便采取了如此周密的措施,在阻止绑架和敲诈勒索企图方面也只能起到有限的作用。

「现在的安全措施比五到十年前多了很多层。」 这位加密货币行业高管说,「但归根结底…… 当枪指着你的头时,(绑架者)就能拿走你所有的钱。」

Healy 称,尽管多年前就已被证明是错误的,但加密货币交易是匿名且无法追踪的这种误解,加剧了加密货币行业从业者所面临的危险。「坏人看到的是数百万美元无法追踪的网络资金。这种描述并不完全准确,但这就是他们所看到的。他们觉得这是个轻易就能得手的目标。」 

安保专家表示,随着流入该行业的资金量变化、公众关注度的高低,以及对炫耀加密货币财富所涉风险的认知改变,加密货币投资者对安保的看法也随着时间发生了显著变化。

总部位于伦敦的私人安保公司 Westminster Security 的董事总经理 John Moore 表示, 2013 年,比特币价格飙升后,早期投资者寻求保镖保护,以此来炫耀他们新获得的财富。这一代加密货币新贵会飞到伦敦进行奢侈购物之旅,并要求提供严密的安保措施。「他们觉得身边跟着一群保镖,坐着豪华汽车看起来很酷,」 Moore 说,「这有点过头了。」

如今,加密货币精英们尽可能地不想引人注目,通常会选择便衣保镖 ,他们更清楚 「财富会招来不良分子」。Moore 说,「那些『比特币小子』(加密货币新贵)已经成熟了。他们现在追求的是低调、隐蔽的保护。」

加密货币行业的客户中,很少有人需要保镖全天候保护,他们主要在参加公共活动或前往国外时才会选择雇佣保镖。

消息人士称,保护加密货币行业高管的实际情况因案例而异,但总体而言,更多涉及的是后勤安排而非武力保护。这包括与客户计划前往的场所沟通、提前勘察地点、与执法部门沟通,以及在客户需要穿过人群时贴身保护。

「在他们所处的圈子里,这些人就像摇滚明星一样,」Darrell M. Blocker 说。他在结束了长期担任中情局高级特工的职业生涯后,创立了个人安保公司 DMB 咨询服务公司。「关注加密货币的人都知道那些大佬是谁。」

保镖的总体目标是永远不要被迫采取行动,而是要提前很久就排除任何潜在威胁。Blocker 称,在极少数情况下,如果客户要前往特别危险的地区,可能需要安排武装护送和防弹车辆,甚至可能要向控制特定地区的帮派和犯罪集团行贿。

「我们和警察沟通,也和警察想关进监狱的人沟通。我们必须能够和双方对话。」 Blocker 说,「绑架是一种生意,而商人是愿意谈判的…… 盗亦有道。」

有时,由于保镖和客户工作时的密切接触,他们之间的关系几乎变得像家人一样。而在另一种情况下,客户对精心安排的行动感到不满,他们不喜欢失去行动的自由。 Blocker 说,「把自己的生活交给别人从来都不是一件容易的事。」

然而,在 Balland 被绑架等事件发生后,加密货币行业人士逐渐认识到,配备安保人员虽然麻烦,但却是必要的。Healy 估计,每一起曝光的加密货币行业绑架案背后,都有同样数量的案件未被报道,他称自己曾私下得知一些从未公开的绑架事件。「这证明人们真的很担心…… 他们希望这些事情不要发生,」 Healy 说,「危险是真实存在的。」

引人注目的事件凸显了加密货币相关特有的脆弱性,这可能会产生不良影响,激励其他潜在的敲诈勒索者。「这些案件确实会被大肆渲染,但风险在于可能会有人模仿作案。」 Crisis 24 Private Strategic Group 的运营副总裁 Ryan Martin 说,该集团提供保镖及其他安保服务。

那位匿名接受《连线》杂志采访的加密货币行业高管表示,尽管投资者在公开自己的加密货币财富方面变得更加谨慎,加密货币机构在存储加密货币的方式上也更加明智,但威胁是不可避免的:「如果你决定自己掌财务(指持有加密货币),你就得为可能面临的风险做好准备。」

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