一文读懂Ampleforth的抗通胀价值存储工具SPOT

Panews2022-12-16 tarihinde yayınlandı2022-12-16 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

Ampleforth推出的新产品SPOT是如何实现价格相对稳定,且根据CPI逐步上涨呢?

Ampleforth推出的新产品SPOT是如何实现价格相对稳定,且根据CPI逐步上涨呢?

12月9日,原算法稳定币项目Ampleforth推出了一种抗通胀的价值存储工具——SPOT。AMPL此前作为算法稳定币的代表之一,以1美元为目标,后转为以2019年以来CPI调整后的1美元(CPI adjusted 2019 USD)为目标。现在AMPL的目标价格会根据CPI随着时间的推移逐渐上升,阈值仍为5%,当价格超过CPI调整后的美元5%时进行通胀,低于5%则进行通缩。截至12月16日,Ampleforth官网显示,AMPL的目标价格为1.137美元,预言机显示价格为1.239美元。

SPOT的实现借助了Ampleforth生态中已有的工具:以AMPL为资产、以Buttonwood Tranche为结构化工具、以FORTH为治理代币。简单的说,SPOT代表的是链上一揽子资产的赎回权,比如持有总量1%的SPOT即可赎回抵押品的1%。这也满足Vitalik在Terra/Luna崩盘后提出的算法稳定币需要“能够安全地减少到零用户”的想法,避免其它稳定币可能遇到的挤兑问题。

Ampleforth的创始人Evan Kuo称,SPOT反映了他们过去4年在稳定币设计方面的工作。要作为一种抗通胀的价值存储工具,SPOT至少需要具备两个特征:价格相对稳定且会随着时间的推移而上涨。如果能够排除AMPL的数量变化,SPOT确实可以实现它的目标,那么SPOT是怎么做的呢?

Buttonwood Tranche

SPOT作为Ampleforth的一部分,理应使用AMPL为抵押品。但AMPL会在目标价以上通胀,目标价以下通缩,实际使用中经常面临螺旋上升和下跌的情况,波动性过大。首先需要借助Buttonwood的Tranche来解决AMPL的高波动性问题。

Buttonwood包含一套用于构建去中心化金融的工具,Buttonwood认为,大多数金融产品实际上只是某种形式的tranche或tranche的组合。基于Buttonwood的两个基本协议Buttonwood Tranche和Button Tokens可以构建多种工具,如动态可转换债券Hourgalss、免清算债券Zero、双向拍卖Auctions。

Tranche原本是一个法语单词,意为“切片”或“部分”,在投资中,指被分割售卖给投资者的小额证券。例如MBS(抵押支持债券),就经常被打包成不同的Tranche。MBS的发行人购买按揭贷款后,用按揭池的未来现金流来作为发放给投资者的回报。稳健型的投资者希望能尽快收回本金,激进型投资者希望能够获得更高收益。对应的,高级的Tranche每个月可以得到固定的利息和本金返还,而初级的Tranche前期只能获得利息,需要在高级的Tranche获得全部本金后能开始获得本金返还。

回到Buttonwood中的Tranche,它也具备类似的功能,可以对加密资产的风险进行分级。Buttonwood Tranche允许用户存入一项资产,换取多项Tranche资产,每种资产代表不同的风险水平。高级资产更为安全,波动性更低;初级资产则相当于标的资产的杠杆头寸。

和传统金融中一样,Tranche的本质是将资产分为不同“部分”的债券,具备“到期日”和“比例”两个关键指标。如下图所示,用户存款1000 AMPL,该池分为3个Tranche,比例分别为20%、30%、50%。A-Tranche的安全等级最高、B-Tranche次之、Z-Tranche则代表了未来的上涨空间。

如果到期后,AMPL因为通缩,数量下降至原来的75%。A-Tranche和B-Tranche的持有人均可以按1 AMPL全额偿还,而每个Z-Tranche则只能获得0.5 AMPL。反之,若AMPL的数量上升,A-Tranche和B-Tranche的持有人也只能按1 AMPL全额偿还,Z-Tranche的持有人在全额偿还其它债务的基础上可以获得剩下的收益。

这样就可以将AMPL的价格波动和数量波动分开,通常情况下,A-Tranche只与AMPL的价格有关。而AMPL的价格以2019年1美元的购买力为目标,会围绕目标价格上下波动,从而满足作为抵押品的条件。

若SPOT的抵押品中仅有一种资产,波动性仍然偏大,将抵押品换成一揽子不同到期日的A-Tranche可以进一步降低抵押品的波动性。

SPOT的铸造、赎回与轮换

由于存入Tranche后,能够用于SPOT抵押品的A-Tranche仅占很小一部分比例,且这些抵押品需要保证A-Tranche在到期时能够优先受偿,因此也可以将SPOT简化理解为是用这些资产超额抵押铸造的。SPOT包含以下关键特征:

由AMPL支持的衍生品完全抵押。

不会进行rebase,持有者不会经历供应量的变化。

价格将接近于AMPL(CPI调整后的2019年的1美元)

仍然由Ampleforth的治理代币FORTH管理。

通过官网上Mint(铸造)、Redeem(赎回)、Rotate(轮换)这三个功能,即可保证SPOT的正常运行。

Mint:存入AMPL,铸造SPOT。在智能合约中,这个过程包含了两步,先将AMPL存入Tranche得到高级的A-Tranche和初级的Z-Tranche(目前铸造SPOT的Tranche只会生成A-Tranche和Z-Tranche两种),再将A-Tranche 1:1地铸造为SPOT。因此,参与Mint的用户以AMPL为本金,得到SPOT和Z-Tranche。同一个 Tranche中,A-Tranche加上Z-Tranche的价值理论上始终等于参与铸币的AMPL rebase后的价值。

Redeem:将SPOT按比例赎回为一揽子抵押品,当抵押品有很多种时,会同时按比例赎回为多种抵押品。这一过程不需要考虑资产的价格,仅需按比例执行,所以SPOT敢保证能够让所有用户赎回,不会发生挤兑。

Rotate的:将快要到期的A-Tranche换成远期的A-Tranche,类似于期货中的展期(Rollover)。如果不进行展期,A-Tranche在到期后就等于AMPL,在SPOT的抵押品中保留会进行rebase的AMPL会让这个产品失去意义。

从区块链浏览器上的数据看,SPOT和A-Tranche的数量是对应的,每存入1 A-Tranche即可铸造1 SPOT。截至12月16日,SPOT的发行量为225512枚,抵押品包含3种类型的A-Tranche。那么用户赎回时,也会同时得到这3种抵押品。

按照Fragments(Ampleforth背后的开发公司)联合创始人 Brandon在Discord中的说法,目前Tranche的到期时间设置为4周,当距离到期不足一周时,会进行展期。

SPOT中的问题

SPOT的机制已经具备较好的创新性,但因为AMPL的性质过于特殊,要想将AMPL用于SPOT的抵押品,也会面临诸多限制。

风险与资金利用率的权衡

SPOT称自己是完全抵押的,由于铸造之后不会发生清算过程,要想避免A-Tranche到期无法赎回的问题,只能减少SPOT的铸造比例,这么做又会造成资金利用率的低下。截至12月16日,官网给出的三种A-Tranche抵押品的CDR分别为628%、624%、505%,CDR也代表着用于Mint的AMPL与得到的SPOT的数量比例。如现在铸币会经过最新的第三种Tranche,每有5.05 AMPL进行Mint,才能得到1 SPOT。AMPL的资金利用率很低。

Tranche资产的流动性

根据Tranche的机制,在使用AMPL进行Mint后,只有少量的A-Tranche能够作为抵押品铸造SPOT,大多数AMPL的价值仍以Z-Tranche的形式返还。如果Z-Tranche(或A-Tranche)有足够的流动性,才能方便地将AMPL全部转换为SPOT,也能方便A-Tranche、Z-Tranche、AMPL、SPOT之间的套利过程。

SPOT的价格和波动率

要想作为一种价值储备工具,SPOT的价格应当足够稳定,它的价格可以看成是抵押品中多个到期日的A-Tranche的加权平均。从上线后这段时间的观察结果看,SPOT的价格还是不够稳定,一天的波动可能达到10%,但波动率已经远低于AMPL。

SPOT不能足额赎回的风险

由于铸造SPOT后不会发生清算,若AMPL价格大幅持续低于1美元,理论上也有到期的A-Tranche不能足额赎回为AMPL的问题。但根据现在的CDR,出现这种情况的概率极低。

A-Tranche的展期

关于展期目前并没有太多资料,第一次需要展期的时间节点还未到来。理论上两个不同到期日的债券的价格并不完全相同。目前SPOT发行量和抵押品中的A-Tranche数量之和完全相等,而在展期后情况可能因为远期合约的折价或溢价而变化。

小结

在采用Tranche排除掉AMPL数量的波动后,确实可以将SPOT维持在AMPL价格,也就是CPI调整后的2019年的1美元附近。整体上,这套机制有很强的创新,将AMPL这个投机工具转变为价值存储工具SPOT的抵押品,可能刺激AMPL的使用。

但目前的资金利用率还比较低,各种Tranche资产也缺乏流动性,产品中也还有一些细节尚不清楚。

作者:蒋海波

Trend Kriptolar

İlgili Okumalar

The "Impossible Triad" Is Fundamentally a Pseudo-Problem

The article argues that blockchain's fundamental limitation is not the scalability trilemma (decentralization, scalability, security), which has been largely solved, but the lack of **privacy** and, until recently, clear **legitimacy**. Blockchain is described as a slow, expensive, globally shared computer whose core value is censorship resistance and verifiability. While ideal for native digital assets like money (e.g., stablecoins), its default transparency acts as a **tax**, exposing all transactions and enabling MEV extraction, which deters serious institutional capital. Simultaneously, its permissionless nature created regulatory ambiguity. The piece contends that **privacy** is the missing critical feature. It rejects the false choice between total transparency and complete anonymity. Modern cryptography (like zero-knowledge proofs) enables **compliant privacy**: users can prove facts (solvency, KYC status, compliance) without revealing the underlying sensitive data (specific holdings, identities). This preserves auditability for regulators and eliminates the leak of financial information. With recent regulatory progress (e.g., the GENIUS Act) addressing legitimacy, adding default, provably compliant privacy becomes a pure upgrade. It transforms blockchain from a costly, public ledger into a confidential settlement layer, finally bridging the gap to mainstream institutional and individual adoption of on-chain finance.

链捕手9 saat önce

The "Impossible Triad" Is Fundamentally a Pseudo-Problem

链捕手9 saat önce

Optical Chips: Collective Capacity Expansion

The global optical chip industry is experiencing a massive wave of expansion driven by surging AI data center demand. Major players across the US, Japan, Europe, and China are aggressively investing to ramp up production capacity. In the US, Coherent is expanding its 6-inch Indium Phosphide (InP) semiconductor fab in Texas, supported by CHIPS Act funding and a $2 billion strategic investment from NVIDIA. Lumentum is building a new factory for InP optical devices, and Nokia is scaling its advanced photonic chip packaging and testing capabilities. NVIDIA's investments aim to secure future supply of critical lasers and optical interconnect products for AI infrastructure. Japan's JX Advanced Metals, a leading InP substrate supplier, plans a multi-billion yen investment to increase its capacity 7-10 times, strengthening its grip on the crucial upstream materials market. In Europe, IQE and Tower Semiconductor settled a patent dispute and signed a multi-year InP epitaxial wafer supply agreement, highlighting that next-generation silicon photonics platforms will integrate high-performance InP components. STMicroelectronics and Sivers Semiconductors are also expanding silicon photonics production and partnerships. China is rapidly building out its domestic supply chain. Dongshan Precision's subsidiary, Source Photonics, announced a $12 billion project to expand optical chip and module production. Companies like Sanan Optoelectronics and Yunnan Germanium are scaling up InP chip manufacturing and substrate production, moving towards vertical integration from materials to modules. While debate continues around the exact future architecture—whether CPO (Co-Packaged Optics), NPO, or pluggables will dominate—analysts like Morgan Stanley argue the underlying driver is unchangeable: the explosive growth in bandwidth demand. This will inevitably increase the volume of optical engines, lasers, and related content per GPU, regardless of the final technical path. The competition for "more light" in the AI era has intensified into a global, full-chain capacity race.

marsbit11 saat önce

Optical Chips: Collective Capacity Expansion

marsbit11 saat önce

Stablecoins Finally Find Real Yield: An In-Depth Look at On-Chain Reinsurance Re | A Conversation with Re Founder Karan Saroya

Stablecoin Real Yield Found: A Deep Dive into On-Chain Reinsurance with Re's Karan Saroya As stablecoin supply exceeds $170 billion, the search for sustainable, non-speculative yield intensifies. Re, an on-chain reinsurance platform, provides an answer: connecting stablecoin capital to the trillion-dollar traditional reinsurance market. Re operates as a regulated reinsurer, accepting stablecoin deposits as collateral to back US insurance companies. These insurers pay premiums, generating yield that flows back to on-chain depositors. Currently supporting 35 insurers and underwriting $500 million, Re projects scaling to over $1 billion soon. Key insights from a Bankless podcast with founder Karan Saroya and investor Avichal of Electric Capital: 1. **Uncorrelated, Real-World Yield:** Re offers stablecoin holders access to reinsurance returns (targeting 12-14%+), an asset class entirely separate from crypto or equity markets. 2. **Operational Efficiency via Smart Contracts:** Re replaces traditional, labor-intensive capital fundraising with smart contracts, allowing a ~12-person team to compete with industry giants. 3. **Regulatory Leverage:** For every $1 of collateral, regulations allow backing $5-7 in written premiums. This leverage amplifies returns from the underlying risk-free rate. 4. **DeFi Integration:** Depositors receive receipt tokens, which can be used in protocols like Morpho for "looping," potentially pushing yields to 18-20%+. 5. **The "DeFi Mullet" Model:** A compliant front-end (regulated reinsurer) paired with a decentralized back-end (smart contracts, DeFi capital markets). 6. **RE Governance Token:** Modeled on Lloyd's of London, the token governs the central capital pool's allocation, counterparty acceptance, and parameters. 7. **Real Economic Impact:** Capital funds real-world productivity (factories, clinics, businesses) via insurance, moving beyond crypto's internal loops. The discussion highlights a pivotal moment: DeFi's supply-side infrastructure is now met by real demand for productive yield, potentially kickstarting a flywheel where vast on-chain stablecoin capital seeks these real-world returns.

链捕手13 saat önce

Stablecoins Finally Find Real Yield: An In-Depth Look at On-Chain Reinsurance Re | A Conversation with Re Founder Karan Saroya

链捕手13 saat önce

1996 or 1999? Walsh's First Test is 'How to View AI'

"1996 or 1999? Wall's First Big Test Is 'How to View AI'" Federal Reserve Chairman Wall's initial challenge is not whether to raise or cut rates, but a more fundamental judgment: what kind of boom is the current AI boom? This will determine the Fed's policy path and define his legacy. Economics is split between two opposing views, according to reporter Nick Timiraos. One sees imminent productivity gains that will increase supply and cool inflation, allowing the Fed to hold steady. The other argues that while productivity benefits are distant, demand shocks are here now, and waiting for data confirmation risks missing the intervention window, forcing sharper rate hikes later. Wall has signaled a leaning toward the first view, echoing 1996-era Alan Greenspan, who embraced strong, productivity-driven growth without fear of inflation. However, Wall faces a different macro environment than Greenspan did, with tariff pressures, expanding fiscal deficits, and diminishing globalization benefits, which could force more significant inflation pressures even if AI benefits materialize. Wall's logic, expressed before taking office, is that AI-driven productivity gains won't show in official data for years. If the Fed waits for confirmation, it might mistakenly tighten policy and choke off the very growth that could suppress inflation. This argues for using forward-looking narratives over lagging data. Chicago Fed President Austan Goolsbee presents a key counter-argument. He distinguishes between expected and unexpected productivity booms. A widely anticipated boom, like the current AI wave, can cause people to spend future wealth gains in advance, overheating the economy before productivity actually rises, thus requiring preemptive rate hikes. He cites rising costs for AI data centers as evidence of such overheating. Fed Governor Christopher Waller offers a rebuttal to Goolsbee, noting the "expected spending" mechanism only works if people can borrow against future income, which many households cannot do due to borrowing constraints. Wall also faces a paradox related to his desire to reduce the Fed's use of "forward guidance" (pre-announcing policy moves). This practice was established in 1999 when Greenspan began signaling hikes to avoid market shocks. If the economy follows a less optimistic path, Wall may be forced to choose between using the guidance he wants to abolish or risking market volatility by staying silent. The ultimate question defining Wall's first major test remains: Is this 1996 or 1999?

marsbit14 saat önce

1996 or 1999? Walsh's First Test is 'How to View AI'

marsbit14 saat önce

İşlemler

Spot
Futures

Popüler Makaleler

FORTH Nasıl Satın Alınır

HTX.com’a hoş geldiniz! Ampleforth Governance Token (FORTH) satın alma işlemlerini basit ve kullanışlı bir hâle getirdik. Adım adım açıkladığımız rehberimizi takip ederek kripto yolculuğunuza başlayın. 1. Adım: HTX Hesabınızı OluşturunHTX'te ücretsiz bir hesap açmak için e-posta adresinizi veya telefon numaranızı kullanın. Sorunsuzca kaydolun ve tüm özelliklerin kilidini açın. Hesabımı Aç2. Adım: Kripto Satın Al Bölümüne Gidin ve Ödeme Yönteminizi SeçinKredi/Banka Kartı: Visa veya Mastercard'ınızı kullanarak anında Ampleforth Governance Token (FORTH) satın alın.Bakiye: Sorunsuz bir şekilde işlem yapmak için HTX hesap bakiyenizdeki fonları kullanın.Üçüncü Taraflar: Kullanımı kolaylaştırmak için Google Pay ve Apple Pay gibi popüler ödeme yöntemlerini ekledik.P2P: HTX'teki diğer kullanıcılarla doğrudan işlem yapın.Borsa Dışı (OTC): Yatırımcılar için kişiye özel hizmetler ve rekabetçi döviz kurları sunuyoruz.3. Adım: Ampleforth Governance Token (FORTH) Varlıklarınızı SaklayınAmpleforth Governance Token (FORTH) satın aldıktan sonra HTX hesabınızda saklayın. Alternatif olarak, blok zinciri transferi yoluyla başka bir yere gönderebilir veya diğer kripto para birimlerini takas etmek için kullanabilirsiniz.4. Adım: Ampleforth Governance Token (FORTH) Varlıklarınızla İşlem YapınHTX'in spot piyasasında Ampleforth Governance Token (FORTH) ile kolayca işlemler yapın.Hesabınıza erişin, işlem çiftinizi seçin, işlemlerinizi gerçekleştirin ve gerçek zamanlı olarak izleyin. Hem yeni başlayanlar hem de deneyimli yatırımcılar için kullanıcı dostu bir deneyim sunuyoruz.

55 Toplam GörüntülenmeYayınlanma 2024.12.10Güncellenme 2026.06.02

FORTH Nasıl Satın Alınır

Tartışmalar

HTX Topluluğuna hoş geldiniz. Burada, en son platform gelişmeleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olabilir ve profesyonel piyasa görüşlerine erişebilirsiniz. Kullanıcıların FORTH (FORTH) fiyatı hakkındaki görüşleri aşağıda sunulmaktadır.

活动图片