一文探讨 Optimism 对模块化扩展的愿景:OP Stack

DeFi之道2022-11-24 tarihinde yayınlandı2022-11-24 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

如果说跨链桥是一次性的创可贴式的解决方案,那么,模块化的 rollup 正在为更全面的解决方案铺平道路。 那么,该如何进行呢?Optimism 背后的开发者有一剂治本的方子:OP Stack。

2021 年出现了加密牛市。以太坊变得拥挤,Gas 费有时高达数百美元。

那么,当时的解决办法是什么?部署新的更快的链!像 Solana、Binance Smart Chain 和 Avalanche 这样的“以太坊杀手”都在那时出现。它们都开展了流动性挖矿活动,而且都抽走了以太坊上的资金。

人们放弃了以太坊,尽管在过去支持它。😢

Alt-L1 链暂时解决了市场对可扩展性的需求。但这么多具有不同标准的链的出现,带来了跨链桥接的需要。当然,这也带来了麻烦,不仅仅是不便,还很危险。正如 Rekt 所列出的那样,跨链桥黑客事件十分频繁。

以太坊试图通过 rollups 以不同的方式回答可扩展性问题。将交易分配到一个单独的(rollup)链上处理,并继承主网的去中心化和强大的安全性。

这种做法一直在发挥作用。截至 10 月,L2s 在交易执行上已经超过了以太坊主网。

然而,这仍有一个问题。每一条新链或 rollup 本身就是一个单一的链,有它自己独立的语言和设计结构。长期以此进行扩展的结果将是一个异步的 Web3 生态系统。这就是为什么我们需要像 Hop 那样的协议在 rollup 链之间桥接的原因。

如果 Web3 要被主流采用,我们就需要和这种持续的网络切换说再见。人们不希望处理零散的、异步的链。这就像每次你想进行银行间转账时都要交换货币一样。

如果说跨链桥是一次性的创可贴式的解决方案,那么,模块化的 rollup 正在为更全面的解决方案铺平道路。

那么,该如何进行呢?Optimism 背后的开发者有一剂治本的方子:OP Stack。

当前的障碍

今天,大多数链都在追求自己的模块化战略。Optimism、Arbitrum 和 Starknet 在执行层上有所不同,但它们都通过将结算、共识和数据可用性层外包给以太坊主网而共享相同的这些层。

Metis 和 Celestia 则选择自己的数据可用性层,同时仍然使用以太坊作为其结算和共识层。基于 StarkEx 的 validium 链,如 Immutable X 或 rhino.fi,通过运行自己的相对中心化的数据可用性委员会 -- 预先选择的节点组来托管交易数据,进行类似的操作。

每条链都运行着自己独立的、单一的策略,在执行、结算和数据可用性层的设计上存在差异。如果这些链共享一个标准化的开源代码库,而不是今天的孤岛式的链/rollup 系统,会怎样?

OP Stack

这就是 Optimism 的 OP Stack 的作用:一套模块化的基础乐高积木,用于在以太坊上构建更具表现力和精确的 rollup 链,这在今天的单体 L2 上是不可能的。

OP Stack 是一套标准化的开源模块,可以组装成一个定制的链 --Optimism 称之为“OP 链”-- 以服务于任何特定的区块链用例。

让我们把这个定义拆解一下:

模块是任何开发人员可以插入 OP Stack 的数据位,以创建一个 L2、L3 或 L4。

"标准化" 意味着对一个模块的标准有共识,并且它可以被所有人实现。

开源意味着它可以免费提供给任何人进行迭代和请求。

使用 OP Stack,你不会被束缚在一个特定的证明系统或技术中。开发人员有能力在一个链的不同执行、共识、结算和数据可用性层中切换模块,就像切换 API 一样。

dYdX 选择离开以太坊,转而选择 Cosmos 应用链,因为他们希望自己链上的共识层有更大的模块化。OP Stack 解决了这个问题。

OP Stack 的设计允许以比目前的努力更容易的方式进行代码分叉,因为开发人员可以很容易地抽象出区块链的各个组成部分,并通过插入不同的模块来修改它。

如果某个 Optimistic rollup 想把自己改造成 ZK rollup。没问题!只要把它的欺诈证明模块换成结算层的有效性证明模块即可。

如果某条链想把 Celestia 用于其数据可用性层。没问题!把以太坊换成 Celestia 就行。

想把执行层的 EVM 换成另一种虚拟机吗,比如 FuelVM?这在一个正在运行的链上是很难的,但这是 OP Stack 的一个技术可能性。

也许你想把 Minecraft 作为一个 L2 rollup 来运行,但链上游戏在主网上的计算量太大?事实上,有人已经做到了,也就是 OPCraft,其背后的团队 Lattice 通过将自己的执行模块引入到 L2 rollup 的执行槽中,然后在共识层中修改了一个等离子体以增加可扩展性。

因此,OPCraft 作为它自己的 L2 rollup(OP 链!)存在于以太坊上,游戏中的每一个动作都是作为链上交易执行的,并向下滚动到以太坊主网。这是在 EVM 兼容的区块链上的 Minecraft,且可以扩展!就像其他区块链一样,开发者可以通过节点访问它,并在上面部署智能合约。

Lattice 通过利用 Optimism 的 Bedrock rollup 架构做到了这一点。Bedrock 是 OP Stack 的第一个实现,是 Optimism 使用的模块集合。Bedrock 使用以太坊虚拟机作为执行层,使其与 EVM 等效,并在结算层上使用 Cannon 作为其交互式故障证明系统。

更多疯狂的分叉正在到来。0xPARC 通过将 Bedrock 的执行引擎换成 Game Boy 模拟器,建立了一个 Game Boy rollup。

这些都是在链上进行的。

OP Stack 的开放花园

今天,模块化区块链的主要问题是碎片化加剧,因为开发者们都是设计选择和权衡的。这种碎片化问题类似于 Web2 的围墙花园,只是在这它是偶然的。

OP Stack 通过从开放花园的理念出发,在 Web3 中进行构建,解决了这种逐渐碎片化的问题。只要 OP 链自愿选择进入相同的共享定序器集(每个 OP 链上产生块的唯一实体),所有的 OP 链都可以享受原子式的跨链组合。

如果 OP 链可能不想运行自己的定序器,那么他们可以支付一定的费用来使用他们信任的 Optimism 的共享定序器。这为 Optimism 开辟了另一种盈利模式,而不仅仅是目前 Optimism 链上的 dapp。

最终,以太坊上的任何用户都可以从生态系统的任何一端发送交易给对方。不需要更多的网络切换或桥接!

这一愿景催生了 Optimism 的“超级链”(Superchain)的新兴结构,数百/数千条 OP 链将在 Optimism 上完全互操作,并由相同的技术结构连接。

启动 rollup 将不会比启动 ERC20 代币更难,Web3 实验和创新的速度将得到进一步加快。

当然,这也不仅仅关乎互操作性。

随着 OP Stack 共享模块使配置的灵活性增加,开发人员正在重复回收以前开发人员使用过的可重复使用的代码,从而使代码更强大,更能抵御黑客和 bug。

例如,Lattice 团队建立 OPCraft 时,他们设计的每个区块的 gas 限制比 Optimism 自己的链高得多。在这种不同的配置中,他们发现了某些以前不明显的 bug。

万花齐放

总而言之,OP Stack 是以太坊通过模块化进行扩展的基本愿景的颂歌。

Optimism 正在建立一个完全开源的 rollup 链生态系统,而 OP Stack 是建立这个愿景的基础。但是,不仅仅是 rollup,OP Stack 还可以被利用来建立治理和身份模块,让开发者有能力轻松地从头设计他们的链。

OP 链不是 Cosmos 应用链。它们也不是单链。它是一个由相同技术标准合并的超级链。

当所有的这些都完成后,rollup 生态系统将在以太坊之上像百花一般绽放。

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OP Nasıl Satın Alınır

HTX.com’a hoş geldiniz! Optimism (OP) satın alma işlemlerini basit ve kullanışlı bir hâle getirdik. Adım adım açıkladığımız rehberimizi takip ederek kripto yolculuğunuza başlayın. 1. Adım: HTX Hesabınızı OluşturunHTX'te ücretsiz bir hesap açmak için e-posta adresinizi veya telefon numaranızı kullanın. Sorunsuzca kaydolun ve tüm özelliklerin kilidini açın. Hesabımı Aç2. Adım: Kripto Satın Al Bölümüne Gidin ve Ödeme Yönteminizi SeçinKredi/Banka Kartı: Visa veya Mastercard'ınızı kullanarak anında Optimism (OP) satın alın.Bakiye: Sorunsuz bir şekilde işlem yapmak için HTX hesap bakiyenizdeki fonları kullanın.Üçüncü Taraflar: Kullanımı kolaylaştırmak için Google Pay ve Apple Pay gibi popüler ödeme yöntemlerini ekledik.P2P: HTX'teki diğer kullanıcılarla doğrudan işlem yapın.Borsa Dışı (OTC): Yatırımcılar için kişiye özel hizmetler ve rekabetçi döviz kurları sunuyoruz.3. Adım: Optimism (OP) Varlıklarınızı SaklayınOptimism (OP) satın aldıktan sonra HTX hesabınızda saklayın. Alternatif olarak, blok zinciri transferi yoluyla başka bir yere gönderebilir veya diğer kripto para birimlerini takas etmek için kullanabilirsiniz.4. Adım: Optimism (OP) Varlıklarınızla İşlem YapınHTX'in spot piyasasında Optimism (OP) ile kolayca işlemler yapın.Hesabınıza erişin, işlem çiftinizi seçin, işlemlerinizi gerçekleştirin ve gerçek zamanlı olarak izleyin. Hem yeni başlayanlar hem de deneyimli yatırımcılar için kullanıcı dostu bir deneyim sunuyoruz.

346 Toplam GörüntülenmeYayınlanma 2024.12.12Güncellenme 2026.06.02

OP Nasıl Satın Alınır

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HTX Topluluğuna hoş geldiniz. Burada, en son platform gelişmeleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olabilir ve profesyonel piyasa görüşlerine erişebilirsiniz. Kullanıcıların OP (OP) fiyatı hakkındaki görüşleri aşağıda sunulmaktadır.

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