SK海力士Q2利润暴涨557%,股价却崩了

第一财经2026-07-29 tarihinde yayınlandı2026-07-29 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

自今年6月以来,SK海力士市值已累计蒸发逾5000亿美元,单月最深跌幅一度抹去约45%的股票价值。当一家公司的利润创下历史之最,市场的反应却是抛售——这或许是本轮AI周期中,最值得深思的信号。

7月29日,SK海力士正式发布2026财年第二季度财报,交出创出历史新高的业绩。然而在财报公布的前一个交易日,SK海力士ADR大跌近9%,在韩国股市单日暴跌14.65%,今天韩国本地股开盘前一度下跌4.5%。

具体来说,SK海力士二季度营收达79.32万亿韩元,同比增长257%;营业利润达60.54万亿韩元,同比暴涨557%;净利润更是高达93.92万亿韩元,同比增长1242%。上半年累计营收首次突破100万亿韩元大关。

然而,这些数字并未满足市场预期。分析师此前预计营业利润约为64万亿韩元、营收约为84万亿韩元。

截至二季度末,SK海力士现金及现金等价物达88万亿韩元,环比增加33.6万亿韩元;总债务减少至18.6万亿韩元,净现金头寸扩大至69.4万亿韩元。

业绩为何“不及预期”?

在AI基础设施投资持续扩大、高性能AI服务器产品推动价格上涨的背景下,SK海力士的盈利质量其实极高,二季度营业利润率高达76%。但净利润率高达118%,是由于SK海力士确认约62万亿韩元规模的铠侠投资相关非经营收益,主要来自股权及可转债价值重估,及部分出售股权的非经营收益,并不能代表芯片业务真实盈利能力。

三项结构性因素导致业绩不及预期:

HBM销售占比偏高反成制约。当前半导体行业利润提升的主要驱动力来自通用DRAM价格飙升,而SK海力士的HBM产能占比较高,使其从中获益相对有限。

内存价格涨幅放缓。二季度通用DRAM环比涨幅约30%,NAND环比涨幅约50%-60%区间中段,均低于一季度的DRAM约60%、NAND约70%的涨幅水平。

长期供应协议锁定价格。市场分析认为,SK海力士通过长协锁定的销售额约占总量的50%(主要是HBM),这削弱了现货价格上涨带来的收益弹性。

韩国证券分析师此前也指出,SK海力士由于HBM占比高,平均销售价格增长低于市场平均水平。

对投资者而言,核心焦虑在于:“SK海力士遭遇‘利好兑现式下跌’。创纪录盈利未能满足市场更高期待,投资者开始关注HBM价格、AI资本开支持续性以及2027年之后供给扩张风险。”

HBM4已量产发货,下半年进入放量阶段

当然,AI内存仍是SK海力士最重要的增长主线。SK海力士表示,SK海力士宣布HBM4已于二季度实现量产发货,产品达到客户所需运行速度,具备行业领先的能效和成本竞争力,下半年将进一步扩大产量。对于上半年已完成样品出货的HBM4E,SK海力士采用了技术成熟且量产稳定的优化工艺。

HBM4将是英伟达下一代AI加速器平台的重要配套内存,作为英伟达核心供应商,SK海力士能否稳定交付HBM4,将直接影响其在AI内存市场的领先地位。

SOCAMM2 的销售额在第二季度大幅增长,基于 10nm 级第六代 (1c) 工艺技术的产品出货量也开始真正增长。

在需求端,SK海力士已与约10家客户敲定了多年的长期供应协议,并继续与其他主要客户谈判,以增强中长期业务稳定性。分析人士认为,B2B销售占比预计将从2017年的30%提升至2027年的70%,这将显著改善盈利质量与可预测性。

NAND转型提速

在NAND产品方面,SK海力士正加速向先进工艺节点转型,以强化其高容量、高性能产品组合。321层产品已成为总产量中占比最高的产品,计划年底前扩大至韩国本土产能约50%。企业级SSD需求同步走强,帮助提升NAND产品组合质量。

资本开支与供给过剩隐忧

SK海力士预计2026年资本开支将达到40万亿至50万亿韩元区间上沿,核心投入集中于HBM、先进DRAM及NAND新厂建设。

SK海力士正在加快M15X的量产计划,同时投资扩充产能,以期在2027年初龙仁一期洁净室投入使用后迅速提升产能。包括近期宣布的P&T7先进封装工厂、M17 NAND生产基地以及新建半导体产业集群在内的中长期投资计划,将根据客户需求和投资效率分阶段实施。

SK 海力士强调,公司将通过无缝地为中长期增长机会做好准备,同时保持资本支出纪律(CapEx Discipline),来增强其生产能力和财务健康。

自今年6月以来,SK海力士市值已累计蒸发逾5000亿美元,单月最深跌幅一度抹去约45%的股票价值。当一家公司的利润创下历史之最,市场的反应却是抛售——这或许是本轮AI周期中,最值得深思的信号。

编辑:芯智讯-浪客剑

(来源:芯智讯)

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