A16z:为稳定币正名

Cointelegraph中文2022-08-11 tarihinde yayınlandı2022-08-11 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

A16z发布了一篇文章,标题为《捍卫稳定币》。

这篇专栏文章最初于2022年8月8日(周一)出现在英国《金融时报》网站上,并于2022年8月9日(周二)出现在该报的印刷版上,标题为《捍卫稳定币》(In defence of stablecoins)。

加密批评人士正在利用与美元挂钩的虚拟货币 Terra 的崩溃作为攻击稳定币和整个加密行业的把柄。

然而,在对话中迷失是混乱的根本原因。更好地理解哪里出了问题——以及为什么出了问题——有助于在维护创新的同时保护消费者。

首先要澄清术语。稳定币是一种名义上与美元等稳定资产“挂钩”的加密货币。人们通常将最近的暴涨归咎于所谓的“算法稳定币”(algorithmic stablecoins),这些稳定币通常被编程为自动激励代币的创建和销毁以维持价格挂钩。

对他们的攻击是不对的。且不说TerraUSD不应该被视为“稳定币”,这里真正的问题与计算机代码没有什么关系,而是与一个和金融本身一样古老的概念有关:抵押,或使用资产来支撑价值。

这是世界各地的政策制定者在起草立法以防止未来类似 Terra 的崩溃时需要考虑的一个关键点。如果立法者认为算法是罪魁祸首,他们可能会制定适得其反、扼杀创新的法规。设计不当的法律可能会扰乱市场,鼓励监管套利,并削弱西方民主国家在新兴、去中心化的互联网经济 web3 中的影响力。

去中心化金融(DeFi)的承诺在很大程度上取决于区块链的突破性能力,即执行具有即时确定性的透明、算法合约。

在最近的市场波动中,绝大多数由比特币和以太坊等区块链资产支持的“去中心化”稳定币表现出色,能够应对极端的价格波动和前所未有的赎回。一般来说,算法不是现代稳定币的问题。相反,现在基本上所有的风险都来自他们的抵押品设计。

风险最高的稳定币显而易见:它们的抵押品明显不足(铸造 1 美元的稳定币需要不到 1 美元的抵押品),并且它们依赖于“内生”抵押品(由发行人创建的抵押品,如给予持有者区块链规则和程序投票权的治理代币)。

内生抵押品会带来危险的、爆炸性的增长:当发行人的治理代币升值时,用户可以铸造更多的稳定币。在考虑到另一面之前,这听起来不错:当价格下跌时——正如在银行挤兑期间实际上保证的那样——为满足赎回而进行的一连串抵押品清算,就会引发死亡螺旋。以 TerraUSD 为例。

为了防止类似的崩溃,监管是必要的,但过于严格的规则不是。事实是,根据现有证券法和反欺诈法规采取的执法行动本可以遏制迄今为止几乎所有失败的稳定币的扩散。

即便如此,额外的、有针对性的监管可能是有益的。虽然很难准确指出监管机构应该在哪里建立抵押要求,但很明显,如果没有护栏,稳定币发行人可能会再次承担不合理的风险。

量身定制的规则制定可以支持加密生态系统并保护消费者。大量变化——例如完全禁止使用算法和数字资产作为抵押品——将给蓬勃发展的 DeFi 行业带来巨大的负担,扰乱数字资产市场,并阻碍 web3 的创新。

这是因为稳定币如果妥善管理其抵押品,确实可以保持稳定。对于由现实世界资产支持的“中心化”稳定币,储备的流动性和透明度可能较低,因此抵押品应包括现金、国债和债券等波动性较小的资产。监管机构可以就这些类型的抵押品建立参数并要求定期审计。

对于“去中心化”的稳定币,几乎只使用比特币或以太坊等区块链资产作为抵押品是有取舍的。数字资产虽然往往不稳定,但流动性也很高,可以透明地、通过算法进行管理。流动性几乎可以瞬间实现,从而实现更高效的系统。因此,去中心化稳定币最终可能比中心化稳定币更具弹性。

算法稳定币提供了一个独特的机会,可以使各种资产具有生产力并推动全球数字商务。在他们的抵押品周围设置护栏可以帮助释放这种潜力。

İlgili Okumalar

STRC Must Re-Anchor for a BTC Bull Market to Happen

Title: STRC's Depegging Threatens MicroStrategy's Bitcoin-Buying Machine, and Thus the BTC Bull Run Summary: The sustained depegging of MicroStrategy's priority share STRC (trading ~25% below its $100 target) is severely disrupting the company's core business model and poses a major risk to Bitcoin (BTC) price support. STRC was MicroStrategy's most efficient and low-cost funding tool, designed to allow continuous capital raises near its $100 par value to fuel relentless BTC accumulation. Its depegging has effectively blocked this primary funding channel. The situation creates a severe cash flow crisis. STRC and other priority shares now obligate MicroStrategy to pay approximately $1.7 billion in annual cash dividends, while the company's cash reserves are only about $1.4 billion — insufficient to cover one year of payments. To raise cash, MicroStrategy is increasingly resorting to issuing common stock (MSTR) through ATM offerings. However, recent raises show most proceeds (around 90% in one week) are now used to bolster cash reserves rather than buy Bitcoin. This dilutes the key metric of Bitcoin per MSTR share, eroding the fundamental value proposition for equity investors. The company faces grim alternatives: issuing high-cost debt or selling its massive Bitcoin holdings. The latter, though hinted at, would likely trigger significant negative market reactions. Conclusion: As BTC's largest corporate holder and a major marginal buyer, MicroStrategy's funding woes mean reduced, and potentially reversing, institutional buy-side pressure. The company has shifted from being a guaranteed source of BTC demand to a significant overhang on the market. The article argues that without STRC re-anchoring to restore its funding engine, a sustained BTC bull market is in jeopardy.

marsbit10 dk önce

STRC Must Re-Anchor for a BTC Bull Market to Happen

marsbit10 dk önce

No Bull Market for BTC Without STRC Re-pegging

Summary: The sustained de-pegging of MicroStrategy's (MSTR) Strategy Preferred Shares (STRC) poses a severe threat to Bitcoin (BTC) and could prevent a bull market. STRC, designed to trade near a $100 target, has plunged to around $75, effectively shutting down MicroStrategy's cheapest and most efficient funding channel. This channel was critical for its "raise funds, buy BTC" business model. More critically, MicroStrategy now faces a massive cash outflow from these preferred shares. With approximately $10.49 billion of STRC outstanding at an 11.5% dividend yield, the annual cash obligation exceeds $1.2 billion. Combined with other preferred shares, the total annual payout nears $1.7 billion, depleting its current ~$1.4 billion cash reserve within a year. To address this, MicroStrategy is increasingly relying on common stock (MSTR) offerings via its ATM program. However, recent sales show most raised capital is now used to bolster cash reserves rather than buy more Bitcoin. This dilutes the key metric of BTC per share for common stockholders, eroding the foundation of its premium valuation. If STRC cannot re-peg, this costly dilution may continue. Worse, if cash pressure intensifies, selling Bitcoin becomes a real risk. As the largest corporate BTC holder (~847,363 BTC), any significant sales could crash the market. Thus, MicroStrategy is transforming from BTC's most reliable institutional buyer into a major potential seller, casting a significant shadow over Bitcoin's price prospects.

Odaily星球日报11 dk önce

No Bull Market for BTC Without STRC Re-pegging

Odaily星球日报11 dk önce

Tornado Cash Suffers Another Governance Attack: A Fake Proposal Targets $23 Million Community Treasury

On June 25, 2026, a deceptive governance proposal (#67) appeared in the Tornado Cash DAO, masquerading as an upgrade to implement fee adjustments and token burns. Security researchers, including Sergey Shemyakov and Pascal Caversaccio, quickly identified it as malicious. The proposal's unverified code contained a hidden function designed to stealthily replace the protocol's legitimate governance address (0x5efda50f22d34F262c29268506C5Fa42cB56A1Ce) with an attacker-controlled address (0x5efda50f22d34f272c7077689d6abc42f15e285f). If passed, this would have granted the attacker control over the DAO's treasury, containing approximately $23 million in TORN tokens, and the ability to drain all relayers. The attacker's wallet (0xd4eca8c9242b9f9faa3cf19a78defc21dc97a925) was funded via the privacy protocol Railgun four days prior, obscuring the source. The community response was swift, with the proposal receiving 27,163 TORN votes against (100%) and 0 for, far below the 100,000 TORN quorum required for validity. It is set to expire on June 30. This incident marks the second major governance attack on Tornado Cash, following a May 2023 exploit that stole $2.17 million. It highlights persistent vulnerabilities in DAO structures where power derives from token ownership. The article advises users to follow security researchers, vote against unverified proposals, and delegate voting power. For developers, implementing timelocks—a delay between proposal approval and execution—is presented as a critical security measure to allow for community review and intervention.

Foresight News31 dk önce

Tornado Cash Suffers Another Governance Attack: A Fake Proposal Targets $23 Million Community Treasury

Foresight News31 dk önce

İşlemler

Spot
Futures
活动图片