历史性变革!外媒曝:特朗普将允许养老金投资加密货币、黄金

金十数据2025-07-17 tarihinde yayınlandı2025-07-17 tarihinde güncellendi

《金融时报》报道称,据三位知情人士透露,美国总统特朗普正准备向规模达9万亿美元的美国退休金市场开放加密货币、黄金和私募股权投资,此举将彻底改变美国人储蓄资金的管理方式。特朗普最快将于本周签署行政命令,允许401(k)计划突破传统股票和债券范畴,投资各类另类资产。

根据该命令,华盛顿监管机构将研究如何扫清障碍,使这些另类资产能够纳入401(k)储蓄者使用的专业管理基金。这些投资将涵盖从数字资产到贵金属,以及专注于企业并购、私人贷款和基础设施交易的基金等广泛资产类别。

“特朗普总统致力于为普通美国人恢复繁荣并保障他们的经济未来。但任何决定只有在总统本人正式宣布后才应被视为官方政策。”白宫在给英国《金融时报》的声明中表示。

在美国,401(k)计划是最受欢迎的退休储蓄方式之一,允许工作者将部分工资以免税方式投资于公开交易的证券。但几乎所有这些投资都集中在公开上市的股票和债券共同基金中。

这项行政命令将加速特朗普推动加密货币投资主流化的努力。其政府已放弃对大型数字资产交易集团的重大执法行动。众议院周四通过了三项特朗普大力支持的加密货币相关法案,凸显总统对该行业的扶持态度。

特朗普在竞选纲领中承诺将加密货币从他所说的“过度严厉监管”中解放出来,并认为该行业帮助他赢得了2024年总统大选。

特朗普家族也已成为主要加密货币投资者,通过其上市公司特朗普媒体与技术集团(Trump Media & Technology Group)达成协议购买超过20亿美元的比特币等数字货币,并推出了所谓的稳定币和其他有价值的数字代币。

特朗普政府已开始放宽退休账户使用加密货币的相关规定。美国劳工部5月撤销了拜登时代的一项政策,该政策曾劝阻401(k)计划管理者提供加密货币投资选项。

除加密货币外,特朗普的行政命令还将利好黑石(Blackstone)、阿波罗(Apollo)和贝莱德(BlackRock)等全球最大私募资本集团。这些公司都将未来增长很大程度上寄托于代表普通退休储蓄者的资金管理。

命令将要求劳工部考虑为退休计划管理者提供“安全港”,以降低其向储蓄者提供高费用、估值和交易不如公开股票便利的私募投资时的法律风险。

黑石等私募资本集团预测,若能进入401(k)退休计划市场,可能吸引数千亿美元的新行业资产。

它们已开始与大型资产管理公司建立合作关系:黑石与先锋集团(Vanguard)达成合作,阿波罗和合众集团(Partners Group)等公司将为大型401(k)计划赞助商Empower提供投资。贝莱德已开始与退休储蓄计划第三方管理机构Great Gray Trust合作。

向私募股权开放401(k)市场之际,该行业近年来难以从养老基金和捐赠基金等机构投资者处筹集新资金。但将储蓄计划投入流动性较低的私募资产存在风险,包括高额费用、整体杠杆率较高,以及基金资产估值透明度较低等问题。

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