ADA、SOL等现货ETF再遇推迟,SEC审批为何总是“卡壳”?

marsbit2025-03-11 tarihinde yayınlandı2025-03-12 tarihinde güncellendi

3月12日清晨,美国证券交易委员会(SEC)再次推迟了对多项加密货币现货ETF申请的决定,包括灰度(Grayscale)的Cardano(ADA)和Dogecoin(DOGE)现货ETF、Canary提交的XRP、Solana和莱特币现货ETF,以及VanEck的Solana现货ETF。

SEC

这一消息迅速在加密货币市场引发热议,毕竟现货ETF被视为传统金融与数字资产融合的关键桥梁。投资者不禁好奇:SEC为何屡屡推迟审批?这背后的流程是什么?未来走向又将如何?让我们从历史、流程和业内观点出发,逐步解开这些疑问。


SEC的“推迟传统”:从比特币到新兴资产

SEC对加密货币现货ETF的谨慎态度并非新鲜事。回顾过去,比特币现货ETF的申请之路堪称一场马拉松。早在2013年,Winklevoss兄弟就首次提交了比特币ETF申请,但SEC以市场操纵和投资者保护为由多次否决或推迟类似申请。直到2024年1月,SEC才正式批准了首批11只比特币现货ETF,这一过程前后耗时近十年。而以太坊现货ETF的获批同样经历了漫长的等待,直到2024年7月才尘埃落定。相比之下,像Solana、XRP、Cardano和Dogecoin这样的新兴资产,其ETF申请起步较晚,自然也继承了SEC一贯的审慎作风。

此次推迟的名单中,灰度的Dogecoin和Cardano ETF尤为引人注目。灰度作为加密资管领域的巨头,曾凭借诉讼迫使SEC批准其比特币信托转为ETF,这让市场对其后续动作抱有期待。而VanEck和Canary则代表了传统金融与新兴机构的双重尝试,试图将更多元化的加密资产带入主流市场。然而,SEC似乎并不急于点头,这与过往模式如出一辙:对于波动性高、监管尚不成熟的资产,推迟几乎成了标配。


平均耗时与申请流程:一场耐力赛

那么,从提交申请到最终获批,加密货币现货ETF平均需要多久?以比特币为例,其申请者经历了长达数年的反复调整和等待。根据SEC的公开流程,一旦交易所提交19b-4规则变更申请(涉及交易规则调整)并在联邦公报上发布,SEC有最多240天的审查期。这期间,SEC通常会分阶段给出反馈:首次回复在45天内,随后可能再推迟45天、90天甚至60天,直到最终决定。值得注意的是,这个240天并非绝对上限——SEC可以在任何时点提前批准或否决,也可能因申请材料不足要求重新提交,从而拉长实际时间。

以太坊现货ETF的审批提供了更具体的参考。从2023年下半年多家机构提交申请,到2024年5月SEC初步批准注册,再到7月正式上市,整个过程耗时约一年。而比特币ETF的漫长历史则表明,如果资产的法律地位或市场成熟度存疑,时间可能被无限延长。目前,Solana、XRP等ETF的申请大多处于早期阶段,19b-4文件已提交但尚未获批,距离最终决定可能还有数月甚至更久。灰度的Cardano和Dogecoin ETF由于涉及较小市值资产,审批难度可能更高。

截至2025年3月,这些被推迟的ETF申请大多处于SEC的“等待反馈”阶段。交易所和发行方已提交初步文件,SEC则可能在未来几周内发布第一次正式回复,决定是继续推迟还是进入下一轮审查。市场普遍认为,Solana和XRP的审批面临额外挑战,因为SEC曾将这两类资产视为潜在证券,这增加了法律上的不确定性。相比之下,Dogecoin因未被明确定义为证券,或许有更大机会率先突围,但其市场规模和实际用途仍可能让SEC犹豫。


市场观点:乐观与谨慎并存

对于此次推迟,业内人士的态度呈现两极分化。彭博社高级ETF分析师Eric Balchunas曾表示,比特币和以太坊ETF的成功为其他资产铺平了道路,但他也警告,SEC在新主席Paul Atkins上任后的“过渡期”可能减缓决策速度。Bitwise法务总监Katherine Dowling则更乐观,她认为SEC与商品期货交易委员会(CFTC)的合作正在加强,Dogecoin等非证券资产的ETF可能较快获批。不过,她也指出,Solana和XRP的证券属性争议仍是拦路虎。

加密社区的KOL们则更加直白。加密社区对此态度分明。许多观察者认为,SEC可能延续拖延策略,直到这些资产的市场合规性得到充分证明,正如比特币ETF的漫长审批历程所示。与此同时,机构分析也提供了更理性的视角。国盛证券曾在2023年底指出,比特币现货ETF的获批将为其他加密资产树立标杆,但剧烈的价格波动和监管空白仍是SEC的顾虑。贝莱德(BlackRock)全球研究主管Greg Cipolaro也曾评论,审批流程的每一步都伴随着市场测试,SEC需要看到足够的流动性与托管保障。


投资者该关注什么?

对于投资者而言,SEC的推迟既是挑战也是机遇。短期内,这些加密资产的价格可能因审批延迟承压,但长期来看,现货ETF的获批将吸引更多机构资金入场,推动市场成熟。值得关注的关键节点包括:SEC的首次正式回复(预计4月中旬前)、申请机构是否调整托管方案以满足监管要求,以及新任SEC主席的政策倾向。此外,Solana和XRP的证券诉讼进展也将直接影响其ETF前景。

总的来说,加密货币现货ETF的审批是一场耐力赛,SEC的谨慎态度源于对投资者保护和市场稳定的双重考量。历史告诉我们,比特币和以太坊的成功并非一蹴而就,新兴资产的道路只会更曲折。但正如业内人士所言,只要市场继续进化,监管的绿灯终会亮起——只是时间问题。投资者不妨保持耐心,静观其变。

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