解析Everclear:链抽象叙事下不可或缺的清算层

Odaily星球日报2024-10-22 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-10-22 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

解决多链之间的流动性再平衡难题。

解析Everclear:链抽象叙事下不可或缺的清算层

链抽象(Chain Abstraction)是当前加密货币领域最受关注的叙事之一,该叙事旨在将复杂的区块链概念将被抽象为统一的模型或接口,以便开发者和用户可以更简单地创建应用或进行交互,而无需处理底层的复杂技术细节。 

换句话说,所谓链抽象就是将复杂的技术隐至幕后,让用户在实际使用的同时感知不到区块链的存在 —— 就像互联网用户不必知道他们正在与哪家云服务商交互那样,区块链用户也无需知道他们正在与哪条链进行交互。

链抽象的落地限制

然而,链抽象的叙事在落地方面却正面临着一个客观限制:在链抽象的设想下,潜于底层的各大区块链的流动性应该可以被自由、高效地调用,但事实情况并非如此。

现阶段,多链之间流动性的互通主要依赖于 LayerZero、Wormhole 等桥接协议,但由于具体每条区块链的使用需求各不相同,所以整体来看桥接协议上的可用流动性总是会逐渐流向使用需求更大的链,从而造成链间可用流动性的失衡。为了保证跨链功能的可持续性,此时就需要进行流动性的再平衡。当前,在桥接协议背后执行再平衡任务的大多是协议本身或是其他大型流动性提供者(也可称为 Solvers,可能是交易所、做市商或其他角色),他们会结合实际供、需情况对链间流动性进行主动协调。

问题的关键来了,这种主动协调机制存在诸多缺点:一是执行效率低下,可能间接限制部分区块链的流动性可用状况;二是经济效应低下,较高的成本会造成大量不必要的磨损,更重要的是,经济效益的短缺会限制桥接服务扩展至新链或新币的动机,从而不利于多链生态的扩展。总而言之,链抽象的构想当前正受限于客观流动性条件,难以发挥想象中的效用,而这将直接打击该叙事“降低门槛,改善体验”的核心主张,进而制约该叙事的真实落地。

Everclear 的解决方案

关于上述问题,体感最深的恰恰是身处跨链一线的各大桥接协议。

今年 6 月,曾定位为桥接协议的 Connext 宣布将进行战略升级,并将品牌重塑为 Everclear。Everclear 的全新定位是作为清算层来协调链间流动性的结算与平衡,解决链间流动性无法被自由、高效调用的问题。

品牌重塑的同时,Everclear 还宣布通过向 Pantera Capital 出售 NEXT 代币完成了 500 万美元融资。 

解析Everclear:链抽象叙事下不可或缺的清算层

在 Everclear 看来,如今的区块链行业已不再缺乏桥接协议,事实上如今市面上聚集于不同生态的桥接协议数不胜数,而流动性的再平衡已成为了所有桥接协议所面临的共同难题。为此,Everclear 希望构建一个有效的流动性协调机制,打破当前孤立的、主动的流动性再平衡模式,为所有桥接协议提供统一、高效、低成本的解决方案。

Everclear 是怎么做的呢?简而言之,Everclear 的系统会监测全网各链之间的流动性平衡状态,汇总并梳理每一笔孤立的流动性再平衡需求,再结合整体的需求装快找到最佳的结算途径,大幅提高执行效率并降低操作成本。 

换个更直观的说法。比如当前有两个桥接协议,一个流动性已偏向了 A 链,需要向 B 链进行再平衡,另一个则反过来,流动性已偏向了 B 链,需要向 A 链进行再平衡。传统模式下,这两个桥接协议必须主动各执行一笔再平衡操作,而有了 Everclear 充当清算层,这两个需求便可以相互抵消,从而将实际需要再平衡的流动性数量降至最低。 

解析Everclear:链抽象叙事下不可或缺的清算层

解析Everclear:链抽象叙事下不可或缺的清算层

这就好比是跨境支付中的结算机制,假设支付机构单日流入 100 美元,流出 80 美元,银行实际上无需先转出 100 美元再转入 80 美元,而是通过对流入流出进行记账,最终结算后只执行 20 的净流入。

在 Everclear 看来,虽然在当前模式下负责执行再平衡工作的实体也可优化自身团队素养来改善效率(比如 CEX 通常拥有超 30 人的团队,利用桥接协议来维护平台内的流动性平衡),但着眼于整体,一个开放、去中心化的全局性协调机制才是解决上述困局的根本路径。长期来看,随着越来越多的区块链和越来越多的桥接协议的出现,Everclear 的性能也将会随之凸显。 

伴随着定位的升级,Everclear 的客户也将从普通的跨链客户变成了桥接协议。为此,Everclear 就必须与更多的跨链协议进行集成,从而逐步扩展其服务,最终演变成整个加密世界跨链转移的清算层。 

当前状态:主网启动&代币升级

9 月中旬,Everclear 宣布启动了主网 Beta 版本。该版本下的 Everclear 暂时覆盖了以太坊、Optimism、Base、Arbitrum、BNB Chain 等五条网络,集成了 LiFi Protocol、Router Protocol, Symbiosis、Synapse 等桥接协议。 

解析Everclear:链抽象叙事下不可或缺的清算层

Everclear 表示,Beta 阶段的意义在于,可为该系统运行提供更真实、准确的数据,一旦所有功能经过了充分测试,Everclear 也将从 Beta 阶段过渡至正式阶段,并扩展至更多网络,集成更多的跨链协议。 

相较于产品层面的进展,市场更为关注的或许是 Everclear 协议代币 NEXT 的效用升级。

根据 Everclear 的最新公告,NEXT 未来将采用 vb 治理模式,即持币用户可将 NEXT 质押成为 vbNEXT,后者不但可参与分配 Everclear 的协议收入,还可通过治理来指引流动性的链间转移。

Everclear 透露,vb 治理模式在设计上借鉴了 Curve Finance 的 ve 治理模式,但却聚焦在流动性结算这一全新的场景。具体而言,vbNEXT 可通过投票将代币激励导向特定的链或路径,从而利用更高的收益率来调节流动性在各链之间的转移需求 —— 这很容易让人想到当年 Curve War 时期,各大稳定币为了吸引更高的流动性而争相积累 CRV,或许未来我们也会看到各大网络或桥接协议为了吸引更高的流动性而积累 NEXT……

协议+代币,想象力双双打开

综合来看,Everclear 的品牌重塑或许是整个加密货币历史上最为彻底的定位升级之一。 

协议层面,Everclear 跳出了竞争极为激烈的桥接协议赛道,转而定位成了当前加密世界独一无二的清算层。通过捕捉自身作为桥接协议时的核心痛点,Everclear 有望将其服务快速扩展至更多网络及更多跨链协议,从一个独立个体协议转变成为一个庞大且链接紧密的生态系统。

代币层面,NEXT 的效用在 Everclear 的新叙事下获得了质的升级,可为了影响各链之间流动性平衡的关键媒介,这有望放大 NEXT 的真实需求,为该代币引入更稳固的价值支撑。

展望未来,随着链抽象的概念愈发普及,Everclear 作为清算层的必要性也将日渐凸显,届时或许才是它真正的价值发现周期。

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