空投正在失宠?Web3 探索可持续价值的新路径

链捕手2024-07-24 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-07-24 tarihinde güncellendi

原标题:《Airdrop token prices are crashing — Does Web3 need a new model?》

作者:Alex O’Donnell

编译:比推 BitpushNews an

 

在过去一年中,空投——通过免费分发给用户的方式发行的代币——在加密货币市场中占据了主导地位。

现在,由于表现不佳的代币和唯利是图的用户基础,空投正在失宠。Web3 协议开始思考是否是时候采用一种新的模式了。

自 2023 年以来,空投无处不在。看起来,每一个在 Web3 中崛起的协议都进行了空投,从 Arbitrum 和 Optimism 到 Celestia 和 EigenLayer。总的来说,在过去的 18 个月中,有超过 30 个主要项目进行了代币空投。

这种活动的涌现部分是对 2022 年「加密货币寒冬」的过度补偿,当时市场的急剧下滑迫使许多 Web3 项目推迟了计划中的代币上市。

「所有这些从 2021 年,2022 年积压的项目,现在终于在 2024 年的周期中启动了,」加密投资公司 MV Global 的管理合伙人 Tom Dunleavy 表示。

空投以基本上免费的钱的诱惑吸引着加密货币本土投资者,高调的空投吸引了巨大的炒作。在今年的狂热达到顶峰时,即使是传言中的空投也足以将数十亿美元吸引到一些项目中。

但有一个问题:空投很少成功。代币价格在空投后普遍暴跌,对协议的好处通常是短暂的。

空投是否已经达到极限?

行业已经开始意识到这一点。今年首次,行业对空投的兴趣开始减弱,协议开始考虑推出代币的替代方法。

「我认为我们已经达到了空投的顶峰,」SmartFunds 的联合创始人 Jonathan Joseph 说,SmartFunds 是一个现实世界资产代币化平台。「我们需要建设性的模型,以一种为所有相关利益相关者增加收益的方式将流动性引入新的协议。」

根据加密货币研究员和 Alpha Please 的匿名创始人 Aylo 的说法,31 个在大规模空投中分发的代币中有 23 个自首次上市以来已经失去了价值,有时损失严重。不包括迷因币,只有两个空投代币(大约空投总数的 6%)的表现超过了比特币。

「在发布日将空投卖出兑换成美元或比特币几乎总是正确的选择,」Aylo 在一篇 X 帖子中写道。

增加持有者挫败感的是,用于分配空投代币的不透明场外积分系统可能本质上是有争议的。

「当空投到来时,人们感觉被欺骗了,因为积分的数量并不一定与他们收到的代币数量有相关性,」Joseph 告诉 Cointelegraph。

协议也在经历失望。空投是一种极其昂贵的用户启动方式——通常消耗协议总代币供应量的 10% 或更多——而且它们并不总是有效。

持续的空投热潮催生了一个空投农民的小型产业,他们从一个协议跳到另一个协议,寻找免费代币。空投农民们通常会在空投后立即抛售代币,使价格陷入自我维持的下降螺旋。

「许多这些代币的流通量都很低,启动时供应量不足 10%,因此波动性更大,」Dunleavy 告诉 Cointelegraph。

完成空投后,项目通常会经历用户和总锁定价值(TVL,衡量链上流动性的指标)的流失。

根据 L2Beat 的数据,自 2023 年初以来,几乎所有进行过空投的二层协议在随后几周内都看到了净 TVL 外流。其中一个二层协议 Blast,分发了其总代币供应量的约四分之一,在空投后的前九天内失去了约 25% 的 TVL。

Electric Capital 的合伙人 Ken Deeter 说,「在空投的时候,特别是如果积分系统停止,你可能会在用户中看到供需机制的重置」。Electric Capital 是一家加密货币风险投资基金。

监管压力对空投产生的影响

一些空投由于监管压力而变得更加复杂。EigenLayer,一个以太坊的再质押协议,通过禁止包括美国、俄罗斯和中国在内的十几个国家的参与者参与其备受瞩目的 EIGEN 空投,引发了相当大的争议。它还禁止接收者在至少一年内转移代币。

空投部分是作为对 2017 年首次代币发行(ICO)热潮的回应而出现的,这引发了监管机构的严厉打击,他们认为 ICO 是非法的证券发行。为了避免类似的命运,空投往往避免提及任何投资回报或价值累积。

「这是一个如此扭曲的系统,」专注于加密货币的风险投资基金 Pantera Capital 的合伙人 Cosmo Jiang 说。「现在,如果你是一个明确没有价值的代币,那么它是合法的,而如果你是一个想要回报价值或创造价值的代币,它就是非法的。这显然与你想要达到的完全相反。」

结果是出现了大量「没有明确存在理由」的代币,Jiang 告诉 Cointelegraph。他说,唯一持久的解决方案是让行业转向具有有意义的价值累积机制的代币。

这说起来容易做起来难。

「[代币]的挑战在于它们具有双重目的,」Deeter 告诉 Cointelegraph。「一方面,它们是市场营销和用户获取,另一方面是长期协议治理。如果你只为其中一个优化,它会让你走向完全相反的方向。」

空投的替代方案

一种选择是改进现有的空投模型。Joseph 表示,协议不应该一次性大量分发代币,而应该将代币锁定在智能合约中,这些代币在一年内逐渐解锁。

Pixelverse,一个在 The Open Network (TON) 上的非同质化代币(NFT)和游戏平台,在 7 月 18 日的空投中实施了这种策略,并取得了一些成功。该项目将其代币锁定在一个质押合约中,对于早期提款的惩罚高达 90%。Pixelverse 的 PIXFI 代币在上市后的几小时内交易价格上涨了近 50%。

「解锁时间表有助于调整利益,因为你必须有选择性地说,『在那个 12 个月的期间,我对哪些资产感兴趣?』」Joseph 说。

另一种方法是完全放弃代币发行,选择其他方式来激励用户。

据知情人士透露,至少有一家初创公司正在准备推出一个去中心化市场,加密协议可以在这个市场中通过程序化方式激励用户行为。该消息人士拒绝透露协议的名称,因为它仍处于发布前阶段。

很快,价值累积型代币经济的监管障碍可能会开始减少。在美国,监管机构开始对交易型加密产品开绿灯,前总统唐纳德·特朗普正在开展一项明确的亲加密货币的总统竞选活动,现任总统乔·拜登可能被迫软化他对加密货币的立场。这可能会为协议推出对持有者更有可持续价值主张的代币打开机会。

「我看到了未来的那个世界,」Liang 说。「如果这个行业将创造真正的、可持续的价值,那么,[代币]将需要有一些价值累积。」

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