To be or not to be:加密普及与去中心化的悖论

Odaily星球日报2024-06-20 tarihinde yayınlandı2024-06-20 tarihinde güncellendi

Özet

加密货币的核心价值究竟有多重要?

原文作者:Daniel Kuhn,CoinDesk

原文编译:比推 BitpushNews an

加密货币最好还是保持其小众市场的地位。

到目前为止,加密货币行业所面临过的最大危机无疑是 FTX 的迅速衰败和崩溃。Sam Bankman-Fried 的个人金库在崩溃时,曾是全球第三大加密货币交易平台。这一事件对整个行业造成了巨大的冲击,不仅导致加密货币价格暴跌,还波及了众多相关企业。

在 2022 年底,人们还不清楚加密货币这一概念是否能够东山再起——当时,被认为是最懂得消费者心理、最受信任的加密货币公司之一的明显欺诈行为,似乎验证了普遍的看法,即这一切不过是掩盖欺诈的幌子。

然而,时至今日,情况似乎有所好转,尽管人们普遍担忧行业正在重复过去的错误,可能再次面临惩罚。对于经验丰富的加密货币投资者和观察家来说,这一直是常态:自 2014 年比特币市场在 Mt. Gox 交易所倒闭后崩溃并随后复苏以来,市场的周期性波动已经成为日常生活的一部分。

但这个日趋成熟的行业竟然将这种兴衰交替的周期视为常态,这难道不奇怪吗?在我看来,任何区块链技术或消费者应用能否被广泛采纳,很大程度上取决于其代币价格——或者说整个行业——不应总是面临即将崩溃的风险。

加密货币发展的最大难题恰恰是其自身的增长。市场高涨时的极度乐观与低迷时的极度悲观,大约每四年就会循环一次,这正是加密货币追求广泛普及所带来的后果。

粗暴的普及过程

这个过程非常明显就是经济学家罗伯特·席勒(Robert Shiller)所描述的「非理性繁荣」的典型例证。承诺彻底改变从货币到互联网本身的核心价值导向激发了人们的兴趣。人们被去中心化的理念(或者对许多人而言,是快速获利的希望)所吸引。随着人气的上升,价格也随之上涨,这种上涨又进一步刺激了更多人的投资——直到某个环节出现问题。

几乎无一例外的是,失败的都是区块链原本旨在取代的那些事物。而这些事物,几乎总是为了使加密货币更易于被用户接受和使用而设计的。有一种普遍的观点认为,「大众」可能不会选择自我保管资产。但如果没有自我保管,像比特币这样的资产又有何意义呢?

投资银行 Galaxy Digital 的研究部门负责人 Alex Thorn 表示,「随着用户人数的增加,一个风险是新用户可能并不了解比特币的核心原则,比如去中心化、自我资产保管、硬通货等概念。如果这些新加入者不学习、不理解并支持这些核心理念,那么随着时间的流逝,那些使这些理念得以实现的协议特性可能就无法保持。」

采纳加密货币意味着要遵循法律(这常常与加密货币的价值观相冲突),并建立易于使用的登录方式(这些可能会遭到攻击)。去中心化的目标和大规模普及之间存在一种紧张关系。如果让加密货币发展得过于庞大,就可能破坏它真正有价值的功能。科罗拉多大学波尔德分校的媒体研究教授、《可治理空间》一书的作者内森·施耐德指出,「仅仅被融入主流金融体系,最终会失去许多由这项技术所提供的重要机遇。」

都柏林大学讲师保罗·迪伦 - 恩尼斯也表达了类似的观点,他说:「加密货币是一个不愿意承认自己是亚文化的亚文化。我们面临的许多问题都源于‘让下十亿人加入’的讨论,这导致我们的价值观逐渐退化。」

早已存在的「杀手级应用」

有一种讽刺在于,开发者、创始人和投资者用了 15 年时间和数十亿美元去寻找区块链的「杀手级应用」,但实际上它早已存在。中本聪以及那些真正追随他脚步的人,已经创造了可以自由使用且难以被轻易夺走的数字承载工具。

这便是加密货币的核心所在。

这也是为什么,尽管几乎没有人用比特币来买咖啡,但许多人却使用隐私币门罗币(XMR)在暗网上购买各种商品。如果你观察加密货币是如何与现实经济相连接的,你会发现它主要在一些特定领域发挥作用,包括黑市或灰色市场、稳定币汇款渠道以及业余爱好者的活动中。

请注意,这些市场规模庞大。但今天,当加密货币似乎正处于突破的边缘,这种使用方式与加密货币的投机性使用相比显得微不足道,资本投入进来,从一个币种跳到另一个币种,或从一个协议跳到另一个协议,使得数字不断上升——本质上是形成了一个循环经济。

这并无不妥。赌博在一定程度上也是一个应用场景。但如果人们希望加密货币能够被更有生产性地使用,开发者、创始人和投资者应该为那些真正需要抗审查货币和工具的人开发产品。基本上,这就意味着只有一小部分人会感兴趣。

这仅仅只是我的看法,很多人并不同意。

其他观点

Molly White,加密货币批判性新闻 Web3 IsGoingGreat 和《Citation Needed》的作者,认为加密货币已经成为主流。她在一条私信中表示,「尽管还有一些项目规模较小,属于细分市场,但当 Brian Armstrong 和 Sam Bankman-Fried 在国会中相互交流,BlackRock 和 Fidelity 推出比特币 ETF 时,我认为加密货币主流化的趋势已经不可逆转。」

隐私权倡导者、教育家以及门罗币的资深用户 SethforPrivacy 则持相反观点。他表示,「不幸的是,大多数人还没有认识到比特币的重要性,也不愿意承担那么多个人责任,因此我们必须将我们的努力集中在为那些今天真正认识到这一需求的人改善比特币上。」

还有一种论点认为,去中心化恰恰是加密货币能够实现全球普及的原因。

人权基金会的首席战略官 Alex Gladstein 这样表示,「比特币之所以能够在全球范围内崛起,唯一的原因就在于它最具有赛博朋克精神的属性:它不属于任何人,由用户来运营,而不是由国家或公司控制。」

不过,普通大众真正想要的是什么,这一点并不完全明确。以太坊的支持者 Emmanuel Awosika 举例说明,「尽管我们认为每个人都希望获得隐私保护、抗审查能力以及抵御国家攻击的能力,但有些人已经满足于能够解决问题且用户体验良好的产品。」

Awosika 补充道,虽然不是每个人都需要,更别提想要隐私保护、抗审查能力和最大程度的去中心化了,「但是我们应该努力让尽可能多的人拥有加密货币。」

同样,因「Roko’s basilisk」而出名的 Roko Mijic 认为,实际上是规模赋予了去中心化工具力量,这一点在比特币上尤为明显,因为比特币的矿工遍布世界各地,使其难以受到攻击。「在一个规模较小的加密网络中,你无法抵抗审查,因为政府可以轻易地摧毁整个网络,」Mijic 说。

芝加哥 Moonstone Research 的创始人 Justin Ehrenhofer 也表达了同样的看法,他指出,一种货币只有在被广泛接受时才有用,因此「赛博朋克应该专注于构建能够吸引外来者参与的系统。」然而,他也补充说,「随着大规模的普及」,加密货币的精神已经有所退化,因为普通用户将他们的资产存储在托管交易所中。

我认为这其中真正的问题是,加密货币的核心价值究竟有多重要?

İlgili Okumalar

Monero Price Forecast for 2026-2032: Is it Worth Buying XMR Now?

**Article Summary: Monero (XMR) Price Forecast for 2026-2032 and Investment Outlook** This article analyzes the potential future price trajectory of privacy-focused cryptocurrency Monero (XMR). Based on technical analysis and market sentiment, it presents a bullish long-term forecast. **Key Price Predictions:** * By the end of 2026, XMR is projected to reach **$825.20**. * A maximum price of **$1,016.93** is forecast for late 2029. * The price could surge to **$1,753.23** by 2032. **Current Market Analysis (as of August 2026):** * The current price is approximately $430.66, having faced resistance at $450. * Market sentiment is labeled as "Bullish," though short-term volatility persists with support found around $430. * Technical indicators like moving averages suggest a mixed but generally positive outlook. **Investment Thesis:** Monero is presented as a compelling investment due to its core focus on transaction privacy and security, which drives demand. Its decentralized development model and growing utility are cited as foundations for long-term growth. However, the article cautions investors about significant risks, including regulatory scrutiny, market volatility, and the cryptocurrency's association with illicit activities, which could hinder mainstream adoption. **Conclusion:** While the forecast is optimistic, the article strongly advises investors to conduct thorough personal research and consult experts before investing in the volatile cryptocurrency market. The potential for XMR to reach $1,000 or surpass its all-time high is deemed possible under favorable conditions but remains highly dependent on regulatory developments and broader market dynamics.

cryptonews.ru33 dk önce

Monero Price Forecast for 2026-2032: Is it Worth Buying XMR Now?

cryptonews.ru33 dk önce

Livio, CEO of New Huo Group: RWA Will Become the Bridge Connecting Carbon-Based Humans and Silicon-Based AI, Crypto's Next 100 Million Users to Come from AI Agents

At the "Deep Integration of AI and Crypto" roundtable during the Bitcoin Asia conference, Livio Weng, CEO of Bitfire at New Huo Group, stated that the core narrative for AI and Crypto convergence in the coming years will likely focus on the "agential economy." As infrastructure for AI identity recognition, authorized wallets, and payment protocols matures, AI will progressively gain the ability to autonomously use, manage, and transact assets, deeply integrating with existing crypto sectors like trading, prediction markets, asset management, and payments. Livio believes Real World Assets (RWA) will serve as a crucial bridge connecting carbon-based humans and silicon-based AI. On one hand, RWA can tokenize traditional assets, enabling AI to use and trade assets from human society. On the other hand, "AI assets" such as computing power, data, and AI-generated services can also be made accessible to humans through RWA formats for purchase, analysis, and trading. This process will drive deeper integration between humans and AI. "The next 100 to 200 million new crypto users may not be humans, but AI Agents," Livio suggested, noting that future critical infrastructure and applications might be autonomously generated by AI rather than primarily coded by humans. As AI evolves from an information assistant to a wealth management assistant and further into an autonomous task executor, AI Agents are poised to become significant participants in the Crypto ecosystem. Livio also highlighted that deep AI-Crypto integration requires robust underlying infrastructure, including settlement layers for autonomous machine transactions, identity and authorization layers for AI independent identity and recognition, and incentive/disincentive layers to address fraud and misconduct. Protocols like X402 and EIP-8004 are exploring related applications, but challenges in security, governance, and ethics remain. In practice, New Huo is actively embracing RWA to seize opportunities from AI-Crypto convergence. The group recently launched comprehensive RWA operator services and released Hong Kong's first compliant crypto asset quantitative strategy. By incorporating RWA assets, this strategy aims to offer cross-asset allocation and risk hedging opportunities, helping investors navigate volatility across different asset classes and market cycles. Livio concluded that RWA is not only a vehicle for traditional assets to enter the on-chain world but also potential key infrastructure for AI to participate in the real economy, utilize real-world assets, and provide services to humans. As the machine economy develops, the intersection between AI and Crypto will expand, offering substantial room for innovation and growth.

marsbit39 dk önce

Livio, CEO of New Huo Group: RWA Will Become the Bridge Connecting Carbon-Based Humans and Silicon-Based AI, Crypto's Next 100 Million Users to Come from AI Agents

marsbit39 dk önce

Successes of Cheburnet: the share of free mobile internet in Central Russia decreased to 30.5%

Russia's "Sovereign Internet" project continues to advance, significantly impacting mobile internet access. In July 2026, only 30.5% of mobile data sessions in Central Russia were unrestricted, with the majority routed through a state-approved "whitelist." This represents a 31% increase in whitelist usage since January. The implementation is geographically uneven: Moscow and St. Petersburg see higher rates of free access (~49% and ~44% respectively), while border regions like Belgorod have seen unrestricted access plummet to around 12%. International forces are also contributing to digital isolation. Major certificate authority GlobalSign began revoking TLS certificates for Russian domains in June to comply with international sanctions, affecting thousands of domains, including those of major corporations like Rosneft. While its market share is small, the move aligns with the trend of separating the Russian internet segment. Domestically, authorities are preparing alternatives to maintain critical services. The government has tasked officials with ensuring the operation of key platforms like healthcare portals and payment systems during internet restrictions. The Ministry of Digital Development promotes a transition to certificates from a Russian National Certification Authority, which are natively supported by domestic browsers but may require manual installation for other devices. An AI analysis raises concerns, comparing the plan to Kazakhstan's failed 2019 attempt to mandate a state root certificate, which was blocked by major browsers as a security threat. This poses a future risk: users may eventually face a choice between foreign browsers potentially incompatible with Russian certificates or domestic software that fully trusts state-issued ones.

cryptonews.ru1 saat önce

Successes of Cheburnet: the share of free mobile internet in Central Russia decreased to 30.5%

cryptonews.ru1 saat önce

985 Professors Group Ventures into Embodied Intelligence, Raising Over ¥100 Billion in Funding This Year

In 2026, the embodied AI sector in China is witnessing a significant surge in venture capital, with individual funding rounds reaching billions of RMB. A notable trend within this boom is the rise of "academic factions," where university professors are actively founding companies. According to an IT桔子 report, over 70 embodied AI companies have founders who are or were university professors. A stricter definition identifies 18 core "academic" companies, which have collectively raised an estimated 15 billion RMB in the first eight months of 2026. These companies fall into two main categories. The first consists of firms founded by professors from top-tier universities like Tsinghua, Peking, Zhejiang, Shanghai Jiao Tong, and Fudan. Examples include Xingdong Jiyuan (陈建宇, Tsinghua), accelerating evolution (赵明国 team, Tsinghua), Galaxy Universal (王鹤, Peking University), Yunchushenchu (朱秋国, Zhejiang University), Qiongche Intelligence (卢策吾, Shanghai Jiao Tong), and Zhujidongli (张巍, Southern University of Science and Technology). The second category comprises companies incubated directly by research institutes, such as Qiuzhi Technology (from Tsinghua AIR), Delta Intelligence (from BIGAI), Xingyuan Intelligence (from Beijing智源研究院), and Zero to the Power (jointly incubated by Tsinghua). Key observations highlight Tsinghua University's dominant presence, the increasing direct investment from university-affiliated funds into these startups, and the unprecedented involvement of tenured professors. While these academic teams possess deep technical expertise in areas like robotics and control systems, they face the challenge of adapting to commercial imperatives like mass production and supply chain management. This wave represents an evolution in China's academia-to-industry model, shifting from mere patent licensing to professors leading funded ventures with institutional support, potentially accelerating the development of physical AI.

marsbit1 saat önce

985 Professors Group Ventures into Embodied Intelligence, Raising Over ¥100 Billion in Funding This Year

marsbit1 saat önce

İşlemler

Spot
活动图片