20亿收购案叫停背后,Manus该反思的是无法重来的气运

marsbit2026-04-28 tarihinde yayınlandı2026-04-28 tarihinde güncellendi

在创始团队沉默了几个月后,靴子落地了,Manus事件迎来了最终结论。

据国家发改委网站,4月27日,外商投资安全审查工作机制办公室(国家发展改革委)依法依规对外资收购Manus项目作出禁止投资决定,要求当事人撤销该收购交易。措辞前所未有之严格。

很难想象,几个月前,这个年轻团队还如此的意气风发,他们遍访全球科技巨头,被微软CEO称赞。以至于忘记了,AI竞赛本身早已不仅仅是技术议题。

当习惯了走“出海”路线的创业者,在巨大的光环之下忘记竞赛背后的真正意义,当技术发展不可避免的与国力相连,没人会质疑这个结果。

但值得反思的是,这个加速蹿红,一度堪称爽文的故事,是怎么走到这一步的?

01

一个本土的创业者,走出了全球化路线

Manus母公司蝴蝶效应的武汉总部,距离创始人肖弘的母校华中科技大学仅隔一条马路。

在很长一段时间,AI圈子里提起Manus创始人肖弘的名字,常常与武汉相连。

“如果你想采访小红(圈内人称呼),可能得去武汉”,2024年底,还没有走红的肖弘,在圈内已经小有名气,不少做AI应用的创业者告诉凤凰网科技,他们非常推崇肖弘的经营逻辑。

这位出生于1993年的连续创业者,2015年毕业后创办“夜莺科技”,推出壹伴助手和微伴助手两款公众号运营工具,而后卖出。

2022年,蝴蝶效应在北京同时注册了公司,初期做的核心产品是一款叫Monica的浏览器AI插件,主打海外用户,算得上国内比较早具备商业闭环的AI产品。2023年,和肖弘已经很是熟络的真格基金再次投出Monica种子轮,估值约1400万美元;2024年11月A轮,红杉中国和腾讯入局,估值抬到了8500万美元。这个阶段,蝴蝶效应从投资人构成到业务收入几乎全部扎根国内市场,对外标榜的也是“武汉光谷总部”。

命运的拐点出现在2025年4月。Manus发布后的产品势能把公司估值彻底撬起,Manus突然变成了人尽皆知的名字,一时间,一线基金、全球资本都将目光聚集在其身上。

这其中,就包括硅谷老牌机构Benchmark,看准时机领投7500万美元B轮,投后估值飙到近5亿美元——Benchmark不是普通VC,背后代表的是整个硅谷主流投资圈。对于当时的manus而言,这也是一种极具技术背书的肯定。

但这笔交易很快被美国政府纳入审查视野。

依据2025年1月生效的《对外投资安全计划》(Reverse CFIUS),限制以美国投资机构为代表的“美国主体”投资中国的AI、半导体和量子信息技术三大关键领域,美国资本对中国 AI 领域的投资需向财政部报备,而 Manus 虽聚焦 AI 应用开发,仍被纳入审查范围。

如果 Benchmark 被要求后续补申报,甚至撤资,其在硅谷的示范效应或将外溢,而这对于有中国元素的 AI 初创公司而言,向美国硅谷 VC 融资的难度,将进一步加大。

实际上,就在Benchmark 领投 Manus之前,有多家美国风投曾与 Manus 有过接触,但部分机构因担心投资中国初创企业可能引发监管审查,最终选择了退出。

这个时候Manus其实已经骑虎难下:接受了美元资本,就相当于放弃了自己决定总部所在地的权利。如果不满足投资方解除监管风险的核心条件,意味着整个B轮估值将以项目暴雷收场。

而侧重海外市场、目标全球化公司,本就是Manus一早定下的战略目标。Manus面世前,肖弘在接受访谈时曾提到,“今天的中国创业者就应该更激进地全球化。大家应该到国际市场去历练一下,需要去参与全球的竞争,而不是在我们习惯的市场里竞争。”

海外市场的客单价更高,付费意愿更强,可以依靠海外市场活下来并快速扩张——这是不少AI创业者理所当然的oneday选择。

“如果我们希望Manus长期存在,只有一个可能性:成为世界级的公司。”爆红后的三个月后,肖弘在社交平台上如此写道。

02

挣扎中移师新加坡,一步错棋

很快,Manus就开始动身了。

2025年5月,Manus三位联合创始人肖弘、季逸超、张涛集体飞往新加坡。6月,官方宣布运营主体变更为Butterfly Effect Pte. Ltd.,总部正式迁往新加坡,并同步在旧金山和东京设立办公室。到7月,Manus在华120人的团队中只有约40名核心研发与业务人员获邀迁往新加坡,剩下80名国内员工被整体裁员,中文社交媒体清空,官网开始屏蔽中国IP地址。

此前,和阿里Qwen的战略合作承诺也已成废纸一张。彼时,Manus还被人们寄希望于是“下一个DeepSeek”,成为国内AI产品超越海外的有力佐证。

根据创始人张涛在不同场合的表述,Manus此举出于三重考虑:新加坡可以享受高端GPU集群,同时进一步获取硅谷投资人信任,为后续更大规模融资和战略退出做准备。

商业上,这也许是一步好棋;但在今天的AI竞赛中,这是一步险棋。

国内市场的AI投资也正火热,武汉方面也曾给予过Manus起步资源——免租的办公室、专项资金、财政贴息补贴、官方认证“翘楚”的背书,即便本身并不太合拍。

“国资喜欢的早期项目,是偏硬科技的,比如高等院校教授团队创业的,基于多年的科研成果,解决了某种卡脖子问题,后续又能够比较产业化,大家也比较能看得懂。”一位武汉某国资投资人士对凤凰网科技表示,“所以知道做AI应用在武汉还挺吃惊的,我们一般很少看这类公司。”

但凭借当时的努力与产品的新意,Manus已经被注意到,迅速从众多硬核技术中跻身,但致命的是,Manus没有真正迈出实质性一步。也错过了来之不易的机会。正因此,事件变得必须就事论事。

按照公开信息,Meta的收购公告发布后,Manus披露其上线仅8个月年化收入突破1.25亿美元、处理超147万亿token、创建超8000万台虚拟计算机。这套底层技术能力的研发周期远远早于2025年6月迁册新加坡的时间节点。

换言之,这个故事很容易被理解为:Manus先在国内完成了核心产品、团队和工程能力的沉淀,再借着总部更名的外壳将其整体转移到境外,最后通过卖给美国公司的方式完成资本套现。

这种模式,法律圈的专业术语叫“新加坡洗白”(Singapore washing)。

它的操作逻辑是:将中国境内的研发能力、数据和团队迁移到新加坡等中立经济体,以此规避中美科技领域严格的双向投资审查,为美国资本接盘扫清障碍。

问题在于,一旦获取这家公司的注册地和实际研发发生地的确切时间,当核实链条被完整呈现,“新加坡公司卖Meta”的说法站不住脚。

从Benchmark的跨境融资协议,到主体转移的时间窗,再到核心团队和技术资产的同步外迁,每一个环节都精准踩中了那些最不可触碰的红线。

也因此,得到了少见的严厉措辞。

03

误判又误判,交易被按住是注定的

四个月前,中国创投圈一度因为“Meta收购Manus”的消息而沸腾。

2025年12月30日,Meta官宣以约20亿美元完成对Manus全部资产的收购,交易一跃成为Meta史上第三大并购案,仅次于WhatsApp和Scale AI。

按收购条款,肖弘将出任Meta副总裁,向COO哈维尔·奥利文汇报。从事后披露的材料看,蝴蝶效应的各路早期股东已经准备好坐等打款,其中不少国内机构在这笔交易中的预期回报倍数非常可观。

但靴子最终没有落地。2026年1月8日,商务部新闻发言人何亚东公开表态,将联动相关部委对Meta收购Manus一事的出口管制、技术进出口和对外投资合规性进行评估调查。

而4月27日发改委网站的最终决定,用词极其严苛——“依法依规禁止外资实施该收购,要求撤销交易”。

这是2020年《外商投资安全审查办法》实施以来,第一单被公开直接叫停的AI领域外资并购,也是所有审查结论中最严厉的那一档。

监管的逻辑很清晰——不看你公司注册地在哪里,看的是你什么时候、以什么方式,把什么技术从国内拿走的。Manus的底层技术研发毫无疑问是在它迁册新加坡之前、利用中国工程师资源和商业化资本在中国本土完成的。

而从时序上看,这完全是Manus最致命的一次误判。它以为移居新加坡并且在更严格的中美监管框架成型前完成交易,就能抢出一个合规的窗口期。

但同时低估了一个关键的逻辑:中美AI科技博弈,正在从政策管束全面渗透到具体企业。

Manus在这一博弈中的每一步,基本都踩在了地缘变局的关键节点上,又每一次都做出了同一个方向的挣扎——接受美元基金时选择“去中国化”,迁址时选择退出中国市场,被收购时选择站到美国科技巨头的账面上。

而就在被叫停的这节点上,Manus面临的竞争环境也已经截然不同。

Manus崛起时,它几乎是AI Agent的唯一代名词。但时至今日,市场已进入“千虾争霸”的“百虾大战”阶段。Agent已不再是新物种,而是巨头和垂直厂商的标配能力,在国内市场也不缺这样的代表。

回望Manus的“来时路”,总是在挣扎——迁册完成时,监管层对外资收购核心AI资产的审查框架已经成形,中美在AI领域的角力正从芯片管制升级为对“技术出身”的全链条追溯。Manus几乎是拿着“境内研发—境外换壳—外资接盘”这个标准化模版,完整地走了一遍。

也就是说,Manus收购被叫停几乎是必然之路。

遗憾的是,就在这个跌宕起伏的经历背后,市场已经换了天地。

过去一年,字节、阿里、腾讯、百度Agent能力塞进了办公软件、搜索引擎和开发者平台,用户习惯和生态卡位早已不是2025年初的样子。

Manus的真正问题不是回不来,而是回来之后难觅自己的位置。

它既不是纯粹的外资新锐,也不是被国内生态接纳的“自己人”;做平台,没有流量和生态支撑;做垂直,没有行业纵深积累;做技术输出,底层模型依赖第三方,溢价空间有限。它的品牌认知度仍停留在2025年3月的热度里,但品牌亲和力也在一系列的“去中国化”操作中被消耗殆尽。

也许初心,是想用全球化的资本路径来放大中国团队的技术红利,但在中美科技脱钩的大背景下,这条路正变得越来越像钢丝绳。

它的结局或许会为那些同样面临选择的AI创业公司提供一个沉重的案例参考:路只能选一条走,走到头,别回头。但前提是,这条路不是死胡同。

本文来自微信公众号“凤凰网科技”,作者:赵子坤,编辑:董雨晴

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