Vitalik为我们描绘了比特币的未来路线图

Odaily星球日报Опубликовано 2023-11-02Обновлено 2023-11-02

Введение

未来的路线图是一个充满有趣的 Layer 2 解决方案的奇妙世界,它们都在做出不同的权衡以支持不同的用例,共同增加比特币 Layer 2 生态系统的去中心化。

原文来源:@BobBodily

原文编译:LD Capital

Vitalik为我们描绘了比特币的未来路线图

Vitalik 为我们描绘了比特币的未来路线图

Vitalik 刚刚发布了一篇关于以太坊上不同类型 Layer 2 (L2)的新博文,我认为这与比特币有密切关系。

我的解释如下。

L2的异构性(L2逐渐相互区分)

Vitalik 认为,我们逐渐看到以太坊上的 Layer 2 (L2)变得更加异构化,这意味着不再存在单一类型的L2,而是有各种各样的L2,它们有着不同的权衡。

用区块链三元悖论(由 Vitalik 本人创造的术语)来解释该处所说的权衡最为应景,它指出区块链技术的三个关键方面:安全性、可扩展性和去中心化之间存在权衡。

一些L2具有以下特点:

1、较慢,成本较高,更安全。

2、较快,成本较低,但存在更多的信任假设。

3、在速度、成本和安全性方面处于中间水平。

示例

在某些情况下,这些L2是变为了 Layer 2 (L2)的 Layer 1 (L1)(例如作为以太坊侧链的 Polygon,逐渐过渡到 Polygon 2.0 ,成为以太坊的L2 Rollup)。

在一些情况下,它们是希望实现将其技术堆栈的某些部分去中心化的完全中心化系统。

还有的情况下,它们是希望实现去中心化,但不一定需要高度安全性的游戏/社交媒体平台。

在每种情况下,你都需要在区块链三元悖论中做出不同的权衡,这意味着你需要不同的解决方案(或 L2)来完成不同的任务。

3 种L2 类型(实际上更像是渐变)

在他的帖子中,Vitalik 谈到了 3 种主要类型的 Layer 2 (L2):

1、Rollup

2、Validium

3、分离的系统(Disconnected systems)

Rollup

Rollup 是零知识 Rollup,你可以始终无需信任地将资产带回到L1。

计算通过欺诈证明或有效性证明来验证,并且整个数据都存储在L1 上。目前比特币尚没有这样的 zk Rollups,因为比特币无法验证有效性证明,但在以太坊上有很多项目正在努力实现这一目标。

这些通常成本较高,因为需要在L1 上具有完整的数据可用性,并且必须生成昂贵的大型证明。

Validium

Validium 是从 Rollup 进一步发展而来的。在 Validium 中,数据存储在链下的其他地方,并且只有证明存储在L1上,这意味着 Validium 成本比 Rollup 低得多,但 Validium 引入了有关链下数据存储的额外信任假设。

在 Validium 的场景下,如果链下数据丢失,你的资产也可能丢失(并非被盗)。

在 Validium 模型中,主要成本是证明成本,虽然减去了数据存储成本,但保留了证明生成成本。

Disconnected

一个 Disconnected Layer 2 本质上就是一个侧链,你有完全独立的区块链或服务器,信任多重签名或一组人来保管你的代币,然后就可以享受侧链的所有好处(更快的交易速度、更低的费用等)。

Vitalik为我们描绘了比特币的未来路线图

Layer 2 是一个范畴

重要的是,Vitalik 指出L2是一个渐变的,而不是离散的分类。这意味着一个L2 可能会介于 Validium 和 Rollup 之间,或介于 Disconnected L2和 Validium 之间。

L2的另一个重要方面是它们与L1 的“连接性”。Vitalik 将其分解为两个部分:

1、从以太坊提取的安全性

2、读取以太坊的安全性

这些属性也分布在一个连续的范畴中。

Vitalik为我们描绘了比特币的未来路线图

最后,他讨论了安全性谱,从如图左侧要求的安全性,到如图右侧的要求扩展性。

Vitalik为我们描绘了比特币的未来路线图

那么上述内容与比特币有什么关系?

这与比特币息息相关。

在比特币上,我们有:

Ordinals, BRC-20, Counterparty, Stamps, SRC-20, Colored coins, ARC-20, Atomicals, TAP, PIPE, BRC-100, BRC-69, BRC-21, ORC-20, ORC-CASH, Runes, Runestone, BRC-721, Lightning Network, Taproot Assets, RGB, Omni, MVC, Libre, Chia, Babylon, Interlay, Liquid, Stacks, ICP, RSK, ETH, BitVM, Bitcoin Script, TapScript, DLCs, Drivechains, Sidechains, Spacechains, Spiderchains, Statechains, Softchains, Ark, Optimistic Rollups (类似), Sovereign rollups (发展中), ZK-Rollups (展望), 等等。

比特币拥有多种有趣的层,可以使用 Vitalik 的简单L2框架进行分类,包括从 Rollup L2到 Validium L2到 Disconnected L2的范围。你可以从L1进行安全提取,以及可以从L1安全读取,无论你更注重安全性还是扩展性。

所有这些比特币层都存在权衡(用区块链三元悖论很好解释),也说明了为什么我们可能会看到在比特币上继续构建许多层。

总结

Vitalik 刚刚为我们描绘了比特币的未来路线图,而未来的路线图是一个充满有趣的 Layer 2 解决方案的奇妙世界,它们都在做出不同的权衡以支持不同的用例,共同增加比特币 Layer 2 生态系统的去中心化。

原文链接

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