Крах FTX вызван исключительно внутренними проблемами

VC.ruPublicado em 2022-11-10Última atualização em 2022-11-10

Resumo

Совокупность факторов говорит о том, что причиной кризиса криптовалютной биржи стала неустойчивоая бизнес-модели связки FTX – Alameda Research.

FTX и Alameda Research принадлежат Сэму Бэнкман-Фрид, который до последнего уверял о полной независимости двух проектов. По факту, значительную часть активов инвестиционной компании Alameda Research составили токены FTT криптобиржи FTX.

По мере подъема рынка в 2020-21 гг. и за счет привлечения инвесторских средств Сэму удалось обеспечить рост FTT, из-за чего финансовые показатели Alameda также шли в гору. Отличные финансовые результаты привлекали к проекту все больше внимания.

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^{Источник изображения: coingecko.com}

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Поскольку связь двух компаний тщательно скрывалась, широкой аудитории было сложно заметить образовавшуюся дыру между активами и обязательствами Alameda Research: по предварительным оценкам, из $14 млрд активов $6 млрд были обеспечены токенами FTT. Однако осторожным инвестиционным компаниям о проблемах было известно заранее. Так, Orthogonal Credit отказала Alameda в кредите еще в феврале, объясняя поступок следующими недостатками: снижение качества активов, туманная финансовая политика, недостаточная надежность деловой практики и бюрократизм в системе управления.

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^{Источник изображения: twitter.com/OrthoCredit}

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Binance инвестировала в FTX еще на заре становления криптобиржи, удерживая токенов к началу ноября более чем на $0,5 млрд. После обнародования связи FTX и Alameda Research 02 ноября изданием Coindesk, Чанпэн Чжао решил нивелировать риск от удержания FTT, предвидя будущие сложности с ликвидностью. Чжао также высказал недовольство в отношении поведения и некой закулисной игры Бэнкман-Фрида, не вдаваясь при этом в подробности. Возможно, речь шла о нарушении ряда договоренностей со стороны владельца FTX.

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Так, недавно стало известно о требовании BitDAO (криптобиржи Bybit) раскрыть резерв FTX в токенах BIT. Дело в том, что в ноябре 2021 года компании обменялись монетами с публичным обязательством их хранения до ноября 2024 года. Позавчера монеты BIT резко упали, из-за чего подозрение пало на руководство FTX. Со своей стороны BitDAO подтвердила удержание 3,3 млн FTT. Позднее FTX также предоставила доказательства о сохранении BIT на своем кошельке.

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И вновь как в ситуации с Celsius или 3AC крипторынок столкнулся со взаимной закредитованностью проектов. Одни напрямую вкладывали в FTX и Alameda, другие обменивались с ними обязательствами или токенами. Из-за этого проблемы одного проекта вызывают кризис в ряде других. Этим обусловлено широкое падение рынка, которое затронуло все монеты без исключения.

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От вероятной покупки FTX Чанпэн Чжао уже отказался. При этом FTX уже выступила с предупреждением о грядущем банкротстве, если криптобирже кто-нибудь не поможет в ближайшее время.

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