从赛道变迁,细数能扛起下一波加密大旗的叙事

SevenUP DAOPublicado em 2022-10-13Última atualização em 2022-10-13

Resumo

自从9月15日以太坊2.0合并以来,加密市场一下安静了下来,有时甚至寂静的有些吓人。

自从9月15日以太坊2.0合并以来,加密市场一下安静了下来,有时甚至寂静的有些吓人。

XEN的免费mint,大概是近一个也以来除了被黑事件以外唯一的热点了。

市场预冷,宏观不可控因素过多,人心容易涣散,受不了离开的人也会越来越多。

这种时候,只有多给自己洗洗脑壳,或许才能坚持到下一次浪潮到来。

掰着指头往后数一数,离下次大饼减半还有一年半载,如果这个叙事依然有效,那下一次牛市还有两年。

个人到不是很期待下一次减半,大概率很难像以前那样对市场造成非常大的推力,毕竟供给侧变化不大,还要看需求侧有什么新的叙事逻辑。

回头看,每一次加密叙事大的出圈,都是在内部发酵几轮后,才产生了外部赚钱效应的广泛传播。

所以个人觉得,下一次大概率仍然会是从内部的某一个局部的新玩法、新ponzi开始,开始可能也只是一部分人的非共识所驱动。

下面简单叨叨一些自己最近观察和思考的叙事发展方向:

一、真实收益产品

从DeFi Summer以来,参与DeFi项目大部分的收益来源,都是通过各种方法获取项目代币,并在二级市场出售。

2020年yearn的yDAI产品,当时收益率一度有10-20%,同期很多机枪池产品,都有非常高的U本位收益。追其本质,依然是通过挖各种项目代币出售的收益。

这些挖矿收益,并不能算是真实收益,本质上跟炒B没有太大区别。

在Uniswap提供LP获得的交易手续费,在AAVE提供贷款的利息,这些可以算是真实收益,它们是在没有代币激励的情况下,可以持续产生的资金费。

做LP收益虽然高,但无常风险大,搞不好要亏。AAVE借贷相对安全,但利息又很低,目前都比不上传统商业银行。

在加密市场,衍生品交易一直是能获得高额手续费的业务,但大部分流量都被头部交易所垄断了。

上一个周期中,虽然有很多DeFi的衍生品项目,但大多交易量不行。DyDx这种也是靠着代币补贴吸引了一些用户。

原因有很多,web交互不友好、主网太慢、alt L1不够安全、L2迟迟没到位、预言机不支持等等综合因素。

随着以太坊合并,L2目前发展也相对进入一个新时期,我们可以看到arb和op上头部项目都是衍生品应用。

目前大部分链上衍生品的模式,都是LP提供风险资本,做交易者的对手方,赚取交易手续费的同时,承担交易者盈利的资金支出。

这个模式LP就相当于裸庄,相对中心化的庄要透明一些,如果项目机制有漏洞的情况下,LP可能有亏损发生。

有研究表明,大部分时间衍生品交易者是持续亏钱的,但做LP并不能排除黑天鹅事件的长尾风险。

目前这类真实收益项目发展受到蛮多关注,像GMX在目前整体下行的市场,它的走势还是比较亮眼的。

二、ETH流动性抵押衍生品

ETH流动性抵押衍生品简称LSP(Liquid Staking Derivatives),为方便无法自己运行ETH POS验证节点的用户,提供的一种抵押服务。

用户可以存任意数量的ETH到这类服务,相应的会收到抵押凭证,Lido、Rocket pool都是提供类似服务的项目,对应的LSP是stETH和rETH。

由于抵押的ETH无法立即取出,stETH在合并前一直存在较大折价,这种情况在合并后得到了很好的改善。

自ETH合并以来,我们可以看到像stETH这种流动性抵押衍生品,价值很快回归到接近1:1。

ETH的POS收益目前有4%+,算上MEV等收益,可以达到5%+,这是纯加密原生的收益。

这个收益率有如下特点:

抵押品规模超大,容量很大

收益具有波动性,基础收益+增强收益

抵押品存取有时间周期

供应链完善,有明确的供应商和需求方

具有抗审查性

具有非证券特征

可合理避税

综合以上特征分析,未来LSP被大量机构资金投资的可能性非常大。目前也可看到一些传统商业机构也在推出相关的质押服务。

这种趋势叠加ETH现在的低通胀,未来会在需求侧形成巨大虹吸效应。简单叙事类比可以对标2020-21年的灰度在GBTC上的操作。

ETH LSP相对GBTC的好处是跨期时间可控,有明确的赎回路径,二级市场规模也够大。

另一方面,之前链上很多基于ETH抵押模式的协议,也会慢慢的都将切换到LSP抵押,这都会在需求侧减少代币流通。

LSP收益率的波动性,也会促进固收和利率互换协议的发展。

各种围绕LSP的新项目、新玩法也会非常多,类似去年的算稳吸血,LSP或许也会出现一波争夺流动性的战争。

如果把ETH看做USDC,stETH看做FRAX,是否会出现非足额抵押的ETH POS抵押模式?

三、COSMOS应用链

上月Delphi Digital发了一篇研报“ Finding a Home for Labs ”,重点分析了各个L1的利弊,最终结论是他们要all in cosmos生态。

DyDx在宣布要迁移到Cosmos架构时,也引起了加密社区的广泛讨论。

之前cosmos最大的链是terra,它之后感觉cosmos一直有些支离破碎的感觉,没有形成有机整体。没有一个类似星球基地的大本营。

但最近,很多新鲜的链都在基于cosmos-sdk发布,像canto、sei、berachain等等,他们的共同特点是将DeFi原语直接内嵌到底层逻辑中,半开放的模式,专注DeFi某一业务领域。

回头看看DyDx这种衍生品应用,确实好像不太需要非常强的可组合性,只需要确保手续费足够有吸引力,交易速度够快,够安全即可。

如果以太坊是BJ,L2就有点像京郊和廊坊,而cosmos就像是西部荒地。Delphi或许就是看中了它的啥也没有,一片荒芜。

四、DID&合约钱包

web3自stepn熄火以来,感觉基本没有啥太大的热点了,很零散,大多集中在商业化领域。

最近看到很多DID的叙事,最多的是域名相关的,另一部分是关于链上身份证明/积分的。

个人感觉目前这些声量比较大的DID叙事逻辑,都不太能戳中真实需求。身份要解决的最大问题就是安全+易用。

至于如何识别身份,真的有太多方法了,而且是随着周边生态的繁荣而不断迭代的。今天是图片,明天就是名字,后天不知道是啥高科技手段。

要想让web3大范围采用,就要把进入的门槛降到很低。

就像移动互联网让用户只需一个手机号就可以任意访问一样,不需要邮箱,不需要密码。

ERC4337账户抽象,有可能为加密应用带来手机号认证一样的便捷认证方式,它可以为用户实现安全的合约钱包功能,进而可以实现项目方代缴注册和交易费。

这种功能几乎可以让用户对助记词/私钥等复杂技术无感,对游戏这种类型应用会非常有帮助。

而合约钱包目前的使用形态大多是toB的,这种内嵌模式,会成为web3应用的一个重要基础设施。

五、其他

除了以上叙事逻辑,L2也会是近期的为数不多的热点,zksync还有20多天要上线主网,arbitrum好像也有要发b的预兆。

以太坊下一次上海升级,可能有4844,会利好L2,但也有质押的ETH解锁,也可能会短期增加抛压的不确定性。

这轮跟上一轮不太一样的地方是,上轮N多项目爱西欧是有白皮书的,一些跑路了,一些交付了,交付的部分应用活跃了2020的夏天。

而这波NFT基本是没白皮书的,也没啥路线图,他们未来要去向何方,还真不好说。

下一波大的啥时候来?难说!宏观有些悲观~

离下一次大饼减半还有一年半了~

Criptomoedas em alta

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