ETF 扎堆上市、币价却在下跌,ETF 获批还能算利好吗?

marsbitPublicado em 2025-12-03Última atualização em 2025-12-04

作者:zhou, ChainCatcher

 

近一个月以来,DOGEXRPSolanaSOL)、LitecoinLTC)和 HederaHBAR)、ChainlinkLINK)等一系列新兴加密项目的现货 ETF 相继获批上市,与市场普遍预期有所不同的是,这些资产的价格并未因为 ETF 的上市而飙升,资金持续流入、但币价大幅回调的现象引发思考:ETF 的获批是否依然能对币价形成长期有效支撑?

一、币价承压:短期情绪与投机盘的清洗

10 月底至 11 月期间,市场迎来了新兴加密资产 ETF 的密集上市。但据 SoSoValue 数据显示,资金持续流入和价格暴跌的脱钩现象在这些资产中普遍存在:

  • Solana (SOL): 自 10月底上市以来,SOL ETF 已连续四周录得净流入,目前总净资产已达 9.18 亿美元,其中 Bitwise 和灰度 ETF 分别贡献了 6.31 亿美元和 1.48 亿美元。然而,SOL 现货价格却从 10 31 日的约 184 美元一路下跌至如今的 143 美元左右,跌幅超 20%
  • XRP: 首只 XRP ETF 11 13 日上线,首日交易量为 5922 万美元,次日开始连续净流入。然而,XRP 现货价格自 11 13 日的 2.38 美元一度下跌超 20%,目前维持在 2.2 美元左右。
  • HBAR HBAR ETF 10 28 日上市后,连续第五周实现资金净流入,总净资产达 6549 万美元,但 HBAR 现货价格下跌了近 20%
  • DOGEDOGE ETF 11 24 日上市首日无净流入,交易额 141 万美元,当前上市的 2 DOGE 现货 ETF 总净资产为 648 万美元,DOGE 币价方面未见显著波动。
  • LTCLTC 现货 ETF 11 5 日上市,目前累计总净流入 726 万美元,但近一个月以来,出现多个单日净流入为 0 的情况。受此影响,LTC 价格自 10 28 Canary LTC 现货 ETF 上市以来已下跌约 14%

可以发现,除莱特币 ETF 外,其他币种 ETF 均呈现资金持续流入的状态,但币价无一例外地陷入下跌或盘整。

造成这种脱钩的原因,或来自宏观因素和投机行为的叠加效应。

首先,必须承认 ETF 获批期间加密市场整体环境并非处于高昂的牛市情绪。核心资产的表现印证了这一点:比特币 ETF 11 月净流出 34.8 亿美元,以太坊 ETF 净流出 14.2 亿美元。核心资产的巨额流出,形成了强大的整体负面情绪和宏观逆风,淹没了新兴 ETF 带来的增量利好。在这种环境下,“买预期,卖事实”行为导致投机者在利好兑现时集中抛售获利,形成短期抛压。

其次,市场下跌过程中,流动性相对较差的山寨币抛售情绪被放大。与比特币相比,XRPSOL 等币种的市场深度较浅,承接抛售的能力有限。同时,目前资金流入的速度相对缓慢,机构仍处于观察期,其渐进式的配置速度,难以立刻抵消巨鲸和投机盘的集中抛售压力。

总之,资金流入 ETF 和币价的短期脱钩,是投机清洗、宏观逆风,以及机构资金部署速度滞后共同作用的结果。然而,这并不意味着利好失效,而是提醒投资者 ETF的价值须从更长期的视角、从机构的配置结构中去寻找。

二、长期价值:机构配置与持续资金的涌入

既然短期币价表现被外部因素干扰,那么ETF 的价值需从两个核心维度来审视:机构资金流入的持续性,以及资产本身的差异化竞争优势。

这种价值首先体现在传统金融巨头的态度转变上。此前一直对加密资产持保守态度的全球最大资产管理公司之一——先锋集团 (Vanguard Group) 宣布开放比特币 ETF 交易。多年来,其高管们一直认为加密货币缺乏内在价值:既无法产生现金流,也不适合长期退休策略。他们将数字资产视为投机工具,而非核心投资组合。该公司在比特币 ETF 2024 1 月上市后拒绝了这些产品,甚至限制客户购买竞争对手的基金。

如今,先锋领航允许投资者交易贝莱德旗下比特币现货 ETF,其角色从一个批评者转变为一个分销商。这一举动,无疑向市场透露出 ETF 作为合规投资工具,已然打破传统金融世界的最后一道主要壁垒。

事实证明,尽管价格暴跌,机构对资产的配置意愿依然坚定。例如,SOL ETF、HBAR ETF 已连续五周净流入;Canary XRP ETF 总资产净值已达 3.55 亿美元,Bitwise 和灰度的 ETF 净资产均约 2亿美元。这种持续的、巨额的资金积累,是衡量 ETF 长期利好的关键指标。分析师估计,即使规模与比特币相形见绌,山寨币 ETF 2026 年年中仍可能带来 100 亿至 200 亿美元的资金流入。

在机构配置策略中,资产的差异化竞争优势亦是一个关键。例如,Solana 的质押 ETF 提供高达 7% 的收益率、XRP 的支付型基金等产品,它们或将吸引寻求多元化投资或被动收入的投资者的特定兴趣。灰度研究主管 Zach Pandl 曾表示,Solana ETF 在未来一到两年内可能吸纳至少 5% Solana代币总供应量。

然而,这种乐观情绪正受到市场巨头的强烈挑战。全球最大的资管巨头贝莱德(BlackRock)对山寨币 ETF 持高度谨慎且负面的态度。贝莱德数字资产主管 Robert Mitchnick 称,大多数山寨币都毫无价值,并强调投资于种类繁多、发展尚不成熟的数字资产的风险,因此他们专注于比特币和以太坊等成熟加密货币。彭博ETF分析师 Eric Balchunas 也支持这一观点,认为这种立场解释了贝莱德为何不愿将投资组合多元化。

这种谨慎立场带来了潜在风险。K33 Research 表示,如果没有贝莱德的参与,流入山寨币 ETF 的总资金可能会减少 50% 70%。同时,CryptoQuant 首席执行官警告称,山寨币流动性正在迅速下降,只有那些能够开辟新的流动性渠道(尤其是通过ETF)的项目才能在市场中生存下来。

此外,LTC 现货 ETF 的遭遇就是最明显的反面教材,其上市以来连续多个工作日单日净流入为0。欧洲最大数字资产管理公司之一 CoinShares 也正式撤回了其向 SEC 提交的 XRPSolana Staking Litecoin ETF 申请,这证明了即使是大型资管公司,也会对竞争激烈和利润有限的单一资产 ETF 保持警惕。

CoinShares 首席执行官 Jean-Marie Mognetti 表示,鉴于传统金融巨头在单一资产加密 ETF 市场的主导地位,公司将在未来 12-18 个月内将资源重新分配至更具创新性和更高利润的产品。

结语

机构的分化,恰恰印证了加密资产 ETF 时代正在进入一个分层配置阶段。 一边是先锋集团开放比特币 ETF 交易,象征主流金融对加密市场的最终接纳;另一边是 CoinShares 撤回申请以及贝莱德对山寨币的谨慎态度,显示出机构对底层资产质量和赛道竞争的警惕。

总的来说,ETF 获批在本质和长期来看,无疑是一个重要利好,而短期币价下跌,并非意味着利好失效,而是兑现方式受到了短期市场力量的扭曲。

 

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