XPL公售遭大户疯抢,Plasma为何成为市场新宠?

Odaily星球日报Publicado em 2025-07-14Última atualização em 2025-07-14

Resumo

一代版本一代神,Plasma要一战封神了吗?

从 WLFI 到 Pumpfun 再到 Plasma,牛市中的 IDO 公售一场比一场火热。

继 Pumpfun 引爆市场之后,近期最吸引市场眼球的就是由稳定币巨头 Tether 和硅谷传奇投资人 Peter Thiel 联合投资的新型稳定币专用区块链——Plasma。

才短短两个月,这个被 Bitfinex(Tether 的母公司)、Peter Thiel 的 Founders Fund 和 Framework 等一线资本争相投资的项目就已经拿到了差不多 2750 万美元的融资,估值直接飙升到 5 亿美元。

Plasma 为何迅速成为市场新宠?

在公开发售启动前,Plasma 团队发布了一套严谨而清晰的参与规则。用户若想参与 XPL 的公开发售,必须首先将 USDT、USDC、DAI 或 USDS 这些稳定币存入以太坊主网上的官方金库(Plasma Vault)。

存得越早、时间越长,你的账户就会累计越多的「单位值」,这些单位值决定你到时候可以买到多少 XPL。

因此,前段时间官方放出治理代币 XPL 配额允许用户存流动性进去时,第一批五亿美元额度几分钟就被抢光,新增的 5 亿美元存款上限又在 30 分钟内售罄。更夸张的是,还有大户为了抢占名额,直接在以太坊主网上花了十万美元的手续费抢通道。

那么 Plasma 究竟有什么特别?

Plasma 的独特之处在于将比特币主网作为最终结算层,继承了 UTXO 模型的安全性,同时又在执行层完全兼容以太坊虚拟机(EVM),确保智能合约可以无缝迁移。

最重要的是,Plasma 链上的所有交易都可以直接用 USDT 付 gas,而 USDT 的普通转账彻底免费。

除了费用优势外,Plasma 还具备两个重要特性:首先是原生隐私功能,链上交易默认公开,但用户只需简单的勾选即可隐藏地址和金额信息,并可在需要时进行选择性披露;其次是比特币流动性,Plasma 通过无许可桥接技术将 BTC 引入链上,配合 Tether 自己的美元深度池,实现低滑点兑换和 BTC 抵押稳定币借贷。

Plasma 一年能为 Tether 多赚多少?

虽然 Plasma 对 USDT 转账提供零手续费,但并不意味着 Plasma 没有收入。

Plasma 之所以敢向用户喊出「USDT 转账完全免费」,靠的并不是 Tether 用真金白银贴补,而是把交易按复杂度和优先级,把所有交易拆成了两种计费方式。用通俗易懂的方式表达就像是「 1 米 2 以下的儿童免票」。

普通的 USDT 转账因为占用的区块小,就像是「 1 米 2 以下的儿童」,节点直接把这类交易打包进区块,不向用户收 Gas。但为了防止刷垃圾交易,Plasma 有一个基础的吞吐上限。同时为了避免恶意刷交易,用户也需要在链上留一小笔抵押,起到保证金的作用:一旦触发滥用阈值这笔抵押会被自动罚没。这样既保住了「免费」体验,也挡住了垃圾流量。

而其他超出单纯转账的请求,也就是更复杂的操作,比如一次调用多重合约、批量清算、机构级极速结算等,都会被系统识别出来,就需要支付费用了。Plasma 节点的主要收入就来自这里,再加上从资产跨链、托管服务里收取的微额手续费,整个网络就有了自我造血能力。也正因为简单转账不再计费,收费模式的单价可以更灵活:按当前链上估算,每秒上千笔免费支付只消耗极低的资源,节点靠少量高阶业务就能覆盖成本并保持盈余。

支撑这一机制的是 Plasma 的「双层骨架」。底层把区块状态定期锚定回比特币,把安全外包给 BTC 的工作量证明;上层直接兼容 EVM,开发者可以把以太坊合约搬过来就能跑。去掉传统 Gas 计算后,执行效率反而更高。Messari 在评测报告里提到,Plasma 经过改进的共识在压力测试中单核 CPU 就能稳定处理千笔级别的支付,而节点的奖励完全来自那部分复杂交易。

所以 Plasma 到底怎么赚钱?答案已经呼之欲出了。

第一,企业级「专线」——跨境汇款公司或游戏发行商如果想把转账从毫秒级推到亚毫秒级,就得进付费车道,为保证带宽支付固定 USDT 月费。

第二,合约与批量清算——DeFi 协议调用复杂逻辑仍需缴纳 Gas,只不过计价单位从 ETH 变成 USDT。

第三,桥接与托管——把资产从其他链提到 Plasma 或从 Plasma 赎回,都要交微额出口税,这笔钱进入 Plasma 国库,再按规则分给节点和基金会。

第四,治理代币 XPL 通胀——验证人质押 XPL 得出块奖励,Plasma 国库保留一部分随时间拍卖,用于持续补贴点对点 USDT 的 0g as 支付。

四者叠加,足以反哺免费转账的网络开销,甚至还能为 Tether 带来一条全新的现金流。

假设 Plasma 能成功承接如今绝大多数跑在波场和以太坊上的 USDT 流量,第一笔直接进账就是被波场和以太坊截走的大部分链上手续费——年收入大约能达到 10 亿到 20 亿美元,再加上企业服务和跨链费,新增收入区间有望达到 12 到 30 亿美元。且 Plasma 可能还有其他隐性收益与生态溢出:比如吸引新的大额流动性与项目加入,收取一定「税收」;提供 SDK、企业节点接入,为链上应用收取商业费用等等。

但因为 Plasma 的免普通 USDT 转账费用,所以保守估计 Plasma 一年能给 Tether 带来 10 亿美元的收入。

而除了收入之外,更重要的是话语权。过去 Tether 必须跟着以太坊和波场的节奏走,一旦对方提高费率、修改规则,USDT 只能被动配合,支持 USDT 的基础设施(结算、执行、桥接等)也在很大程度上不受 Tether 的控制。

而如今,Tether 提升 USDT 做清算货币的场景,囤 BTC 做储备资产,两者在 Plasma 里合流,把散落在十几条网络的 1, 500 亿美元 USDT 汇聚到一个统一清算层,让转账、兑换、回收都发生在 Tether 自己的地盘。Tether 也将获得更多的定价权和话语权,顺理成章地握住了这层网络的收费闸口。

Plasma 的 XPL 公售参与细节

随着公开发售日期的临近,Plasma 团队也公布了详细的参与规则。

XPL 公售的用户,必须首先将稳定币(USDT、USDC、DAI 或 USDS)存入以太坊上的官方金库(Plasma Vault)。系统将根据每个钱包的存款金额和持续时间计算「单位值」,这些单位值最终决定了用户的保底认购额度。简单来说,存款越早、资金停留越久,就能确保在公开发售时购买更多的 XPL。

为了防止大户垄断额度,团队给每个 Sonar 账户设定了 5000 万美元的存款上限,并且每个账户最多只能绑定三个钱包。这意味着,无论用户用几个钱包累计的单位值如何,总额度均不得超出 5000 万美元。尽管整体金库并未设置硬性总量上限,但团队将灵活调控存款总额度,初始额度设定为 1 亿美元,并视市场需求逐步开放,以保证分配的健康性和平衡性。

此外需要特别注意,公开发售启动后,用户需要额外提交新的稳定币才能实际认购 XPL 代币,在金库中的存款余额并不会自动用于购买代币 XPL。如果有用户未用完自己的认购额度,多余份额将会自动按比例重新分配给那些超额认购者。这意味着用户在购买时可适度超额申购,以获得额外的 XPL。

从合规性上看,参与公售的所有用户必须在 Sonar 平台完成严格的 KYC 审核,包括已有 Echo 账户的用户。美国用户需提供合格投资者证明,所认购的 XPL 代币也将在公售结束后额外锁定 12 个月;而英国、中国、俄罗斯、古巴、伊朗、叙利亚、朝鲜和乌克兰等地区的用户将无法参与此次公开发售。

存入的稳定币资产将首先由白名单做市商在以太坊主网上 1: 1 兑换成 USDT,然后借助 LayerZero 跨链桥技术安全转移到 Plasma 网络,存储为 USD₮ 0 。主网 Beta 阶段启动后,用户即可提取本金和期间积累的所有收益,提现过程透明迅速,一般不超过 48 小时。期间用户持有的存款收据 token 仅作内部凭证,任何转移行为都会被视为提前提款,官方强烈建议用户避免用此 token 参与任何 DeFi 活动。

Plasma 此次公售使用的金库设施由 Veda 提供,该设施目前已被广泛应用,安全管理资产超过 26 亿美元。此外,所有合约均通过了 Spearbit 与 Zellic 等顶尖安全审计机构的严格审计,审计报告将在主网 Beta 上线前公布,进一步确保资金安全和透明度。

随着公开发售日期临近,Plasma 这一场 IDO 有望再次点燃市场热情,大多数参与者都相信 Plasma 将会在未来直接对战波场,成为新的「稳定币公链王者」,这也使得此次公售获得了如此大的关注度。

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