Visa 首席产品官:GENIUS 法案后,稳定币离下一代支付基础设施还有多远?

深潮Publicado em 2025-06-24Última atualização em 2025-06-24

要让稳定币真正成为主流的支付方式,必须建立一个普遍适用且吸引用户积极参与的界面层。

作者:Jack Forestell

整理 & 编译:深潮TechFlow

上周,参议院通过了《美国稳定币国家创新指导与建立法案》(Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act),简称 GENIUS 法案。这一法案的通过是美国在稳定币监管方面迈出的重要一步。在 Visa,我们对此表示支持,并认为稳定币立法可能会成为支付行业历史上的关键时刻。不过,我之所以说“可能”,是因为要实现稳定币的广泛应用,还有许多挑战需要克服。稳定币的出现为数字可编程货币的新时代带来了希望,但距离真正成熟还有很长的路要走。

推动新支付技术的普及并非易事。这需要在全球范围内让买家与卖家、付款人和收款人都能建立信任。而这种信任的建立并非一蹴而就,它需要依赖一整套复杂且紧密结合的能力,比如安全性、可靠性、交易保障、欺诈防护、争议解决、使用便捷性以及持续的技术创新。

为了让稳定币能够成为下一代全球数字支付的核心基础设施,必须满足以下三个关键条件:

第一层:技术基础

需要一个稳健、可扩展、灵活且开放的技术架构,能够以极高的速度和规模安全地执行交易,并且确保零失误、零漏洞和零安全隐患。近年来,区块链技术的快速发展为这一需求提供了可行的解决方案。

第二层:储备支持

稳定币的核心在于其价值和稳定性的可信度。通过监管机构批准并由储备资产支持的稳定币,为这一问题提供了一个可靠的答案。

第三层:界面层

要让稳定币真正成为主流的支付方式,必须建立一个普遍适用且吸引用户积极参与的界面层。

  • 这一层需要为每笔交易的双方提供信任、规则、标准、安全性以及实际的价值。

  • 它需要具备足够的扩展性,能够覆盖全球数十亿用户。

  • 同时,它还需要为用户提供简单便捷的方式,将数字资产转换为他们选择的法定货币(即,用户可以在任何需要的地方轻松使用所获得的价值)。

然而,仅靠稳定币的基础设施本身,无法完全解决这一关键问题。如果缺乏完善的界面层支持,稳定币将难以实现成为主流支付工具的目标。它们可能会在某些特定场景中发挥作用,例如解决小范围的支付问题、支持封闭式系统,或者作为批发资金流动和资本市场的幕后基础设施……但它们难以在主流支付领域实现大规模应用。

Visa 正在努力解决这一问题。作为全球支付行业的领导者,Visa 已经建立了一个全球范围内最具规模、安全性和信任度的界面层。多年来,我们投入了数十亿美元,不断优化这一层,使其能够适应不同的支付形式,并让所有用户都能轻松融入 Visa 生态系统。通过整合我们的基础设施、服务和连接能力,我们为全球数十亿买家和卖家提供无缝、安全的数字支付体验。这种独特的组合被称为“Visa 即服务”堆栈 (Visa as a Service stack)。无论是小型商家还是大型银行和企业,当需要扩展支付解决方案时,Visa 堆栈都是他们的首选。而这一点对于加密货币领域的合作伙伴也同样适用。近年来,我们与领先的加密货币和稳定币平台合作,为它们提供接入 Visa 堆栈的机会,并帮助其实现支付的超规模化。自 2020 年以来,我们已促成了近 950 亿美元的加密货币购买交易,以及超过 250 亿美元的加密货币支出,总计超过 1000 亿美元的资金流动。

很多人会问:“稳定币究竟在解决什么问题?”这是一个非常好的问题。对于全球的消费者和企业来说,他们已经习惯于使用 Visa 的 48 亿张实体卡和近 140 亿个数字 Visa Token,这是他们认为最便捷、可靠的支付和收款方式。Visa 的支付系统提供了极致的支付体验,我们也在持续投资,使其成为最先进、安全和便捷的选择。Visa 用户在支付时无需担心以下问题:

  • 商家是否会接受我的支付?

  • 我是否需要一个专门的钱包?

  • 我的钱包里是否有正确的货币?我是否在正确的区块链上?

  • 这笔交易的 Gas 费用是多少?

  • 我的隐私是否会被保护?是否有人未经许可就能看到我的交易记录和地址?

  • 我能否获得积分或奖励?

  • 如何访问我的信用额度?

  • 如果遇到问题,我能联系谁?

  • 这笔交易是否安全?

通过 Visa 的支付网络,这些问题都不再是困扰用户的障碍,而这正是我们为全球用户提供的核心价值所在。

绝大多数消费者和企业仍然会选择使用法定货币支付,并享受 Visa 系统带来的便利。而对于那些基于稳定币的支付解决方案,只要它们接入 Visa 的支付网络,也可以为用户提供同样的体验。

那么,稳定币究竟能解决哪些问题呢?在一些特定的场景中,尤其是在新兴市场,稳定币展现出了重要的潜力,主要体现在以下方面:

  • 用户希望持有美元但缺乏便捷获取渠道的情况

  • 当地法定货币波动较大,导致经济不稳定的地区

  • 一些跨境资金流动的需求,例如国际汇款或企业间支付(B2B 支付)

这些场景为 Visa 提供了一个拓展业务的新机会,因为它们涉及到我们目前尚未完全覆盖的资金流动领域。在这些领域,我们计划通过与稳定币平台和合作伙伴,以及全球金融机构的协作,充分利用 Visa 的支付网络优势,提供创新的解决方案。

然而,在发达市场(如美国),消费者和企业是否会选择使用稳定币支付则不那么确定。这是因为发达市场已经拥有丰富的支付选择,例如直接通过银行账户进行“数字美元”支付,这些方式同样便捷且具有竞争力。

GENIUS 法案的通过,为稳定币的监管提供了清晰的框架,这为其进一步推广创造了可能性。Visa 目前已经在稳定币领域的多个方向上积极布局,包括:

  • 部署 Visa 认证和 Visa Token,将稳定币支付平台及其用户与法定货币和 Visa 全球支付网络连接起来;

  • 提供支持稳定币的原生结算服务,使交易更加高效;

  • 基于稳定币技术,开发跨境资金流动解决方案,简化国际支付流程;

  • 为客户提供可编程货币解决方案,探索支付的更多可能性;

  • 此外,还有许多正在研发中的创新功能。

当然,要真正实现稳定币在支付领域的全面应用仍需要时间——而这只是一个起点。

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