这次不一样!美国政府关门的真正风险并非政治闹剧

比推Publicado em 2025-09-30Última atualização em 2025-09-30

来源:金十数据

原标题:不仅仅是政治闹剧!这次美国政府关门冲击比想象中还要大


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尽管政府关门总会引发政治风暴,但从历史上看,它们对市场和经济来说一直都是无关紧要的事件。不过,这一次可能会有所不同。

这是因为美国总统特朗普威胁要将部分因政府关门导致的联邦政府雇员强制休假变为永久性裁员,这可能会对本已岌岌可危的就业状况产生更持久的影响。

如果特朗普兑现这一威胁,并成功经受住几乎肯定会再次出现的、对其行政权力的法庭挑战,那将给过去一直以来更多是政治性而非经济性事件的政府关门,带来一个大麻烦。

“我们有理由认为,这次的关门可能不会遵循过去的先例,”巴克莱银行的公共政策高级分析师Michael McLean在一份客户报告中说。如果特朗普兑现威胁,“这将是与过去做法的重大背离,并可能给关门的经济效应注入新的不确定性,否则我们本会预期其影响是微不足道的。”

过去的政府关门确实除了给被认为是过错方所在的政党造成政治损害外,几乎没有留下什么印记。市场曾偶尔因此抛售,但随后迅速恢复。

在增长方面,大多数经济学家计算关门每周将对美国国内生产总值(GDP)造成约0.1个百分点的影响。鉴于最长的一次关门持续了35天,从2018年底到次年1月,这对一个价值30万亿美元的经济体来说并不算多。据美国银行称,短期的损失通常在随后的季度中很容易得到弥补。

劳动力市场的麻烦

然而,当前美国劳动力市场本已摇摇欲坠。特别是,大量联邦政府雇员居住的华盛顿特区地区,已因今年早些时候由埃隆·马斯克的政府效率部顾问委员会所倡导的裁员而受到打击。

政府关门一般意味着非必要雇员将被强制休假,但一旦僵局结束,他们会被召回。特朗普上周日在接受采访时威胁说,“我们将永久性地裁掉很多我们能够裁掉的人。”

野村证券经济学家David Seif写道,对月度非农就业报告的影响要到11月份发布10月份的数据时才会显现,届时特朗普的威胁“可能会产生比通常更严重的近期影响”。

但这又带来了另一个难题:如果政府关门持续相当长的时间,它可能会推迟关键经济数据的发布。

对劳工统计局的影响

劳工部上周五表示,它将关闭几乎所有的活动。该部门的劳工统计局(BLS)将在政府关门期间一直关闭。在一份应对该情况的行动计划中,该部门警告可能报告会出现延误,并表示数据也可能出现“质量下降”。

对社会保障领取者来说,消费者价格指数(CPI)通胀读数的发布延迟可能会影响生活成本的调整。

这种情况也可能影响美联储,后者在做出利率和与货币政策相关的其他事项的决定时,依赖于劳工统计局的数据。

“尽管美国政府可能正走向关门,但我们预计经济影响不大,”美国银行的利率策略主管Mark Cabana在一份报告中说。“政府关门将暂停经济数据的发布,如果关门时间延长,美联储将不得不依赖私人数据来进行其政策决策。”

一个必然的结果将类似于2013年的政府关门,当时9月份的就业报告被推迟到10月22日才发布。那个月的CPI也被推迟了两周。

NerdWallet的高级经济学家Elizabeth Renter同意大多数华尔街的分析,认为最终影响应该是“相对温和的”。然而,她指出了对劳动力市场的潜在冲击。

“最直接和最具冲击性的影响是对被强制休假的联邦雇员和承包商,”她说。“当家庭被迫在没有收入的情况下生活,即使只有一周,也可能严重挫伤他们的财务稳定性。”


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