【研报精选】速读 2023 年 Web3 趋势报告

A&T CapitalPubblicato 2023-01-27Pubblicato ultima volta 2023-01-27

Introduzione

新范式、ZK Layer2、并行计算、模块化设计、应用链、账户抽象钱包和外部拥有账户钱包、MEV、去中心化交易所。

A&T Capital 发布了《Web3 趋势报告 2023 》,对今年的创新赛道和应用做出以下 6 点 预测,本文为中文精华版。

1.市场和创新:Web3 正在打造新范式

Web3 一级市场基金管理规模达 500 亿美元;NFT 市场规模超过 200 亿,NFT 持有者超 300 万;

在各个技术层,都能看到 Web3 带来的革新,应用层为用户打造专门场景,中间层优化交互过程,基础设施层优化共识和结算;

2.零知识证明:零知识二层方案是以太坊扩展长期更好的选择

ZK L2:StarkNet、Scroll、zKSync 等主流 ZK L2 大概率能在 2023 年内上线主网,让以太坊扩容进一步加速;且会是多方案长期并存的市场,行业也将受益于这种的多样化。

不止于扩容:ZKP 技术对区块链行业的不同部分的价值被越多的发掘。

ZKP + Light Client 的设计有望颠覆现有链间互操作性赛道;

ZKWASM、Rust 版 ZKVM 等虚拟机将让 Web2 开发者在尽可能不改变固有开发习惯的基础上进入 Web3.0;

用 ZKP 将链下执行结果以可验证的形态传递至链上,适用于各类不适于链上执行的内容,是 L2 之外又一种对区块链整体效能的提升;

3.公链关键词:并行计算、模块化设计、应用链

并行计算:作为在传统高性能计算领域已经被大范围采用的技术,并行计算近来被 Sui/Aptos/Fuel Network 等项目带入区块链行业的大众视野,将在更多的场景中成为将区块链网络计算能力推向更高的极限;

模块化设计:借助以太坊 +L2 组合的普及以及 Celestia 不懈的布道,模块化已逐步成为区块链主流设计理念:一方面通过不同模块的轻松充足满足不同需求,另一方面以单个模块为目标缩短开发周期、提升开发质量;

应用链:得益于在定制化、独享网络效能、更丰富的价值捕获等方面的优异表现,应用链将在 2023 找到确切的适用场景,并占据一定的市场份额,形态可多样化 例如:L1/L2/L3;

4.钱包:账户抽象(AA)钱包和外部拥有账户(EOA)钱包通过不同的权衡将实现更低的使用门槛和更优的交互体验。

钱包作为 Web3 的流量入口,目前普遍应用的助记词钱包存在安全门槛高、交互流程繁琐等导致的用户体验差的问题。为解决这一痛点、为十亿级新用户进入 Web3 铺平道路,账户抽象(AA)钱包能够借助链上智能合约实现;外部拥有账户(EOA)钱包能够借助链下 MPC 技术实现。

5.MEV:一个去信任、抗审查、无许可的 MEV 提取市场会取代现有方案

MEV-Boost 是现行的以太坊 MEV 提取解决方案。尽管接入 MEV-Boost 能为 Validator 带来更多收益,但它仍是一套受信任的、被审查的结构。

将「可编程隐私」带入 MEV 市场参与者的沟通网络中,会是实现更理想的 MEV 提取市场的途径。

6.交易所:托管、交易、结算等职能分离是大势所趋

FTX 事件深深刺痛了市场,集托管、交易、结算于一身的中心化交易所有较高的道德风险。

交易所公布储备金证明只是一小步,想要从根本上解决这一痛点,要么拥抱监管,将客户资产存放在受信任的合规托管商,要么选择去中心化,将资产锁定在链上的智能合约中。

2022 年,加密行业经历了 FTX 溃败、Luna 崩盘,以太坊升级合并等重大事件。市场在调整,但创新的力量不曾停止涌入。我们期待 Web3 以更加创新、安全、高效、便捷的姿态走向大众。

Letture associate

Bitcoin's 'Rally Ends,' Officially Entering the Later Stage of a Bear Market?

Bitcoin prices declined 13% this week, reversing the recent rebound and signaling a likely transition into the later stages of a bear market. Key on-chain metrics deteriorated, with the short-term holder cost basis falling below the Realized Price—a pattern last seen in early 2022, characteristic of bear market maturity. The rally to ~$82k proved to be a bear market bounce, as evidenced by the 90-day realized profit/loss ratio failing to sustain above the bullish threshold of 2. Daily realized losses surged to $1.35B, including significant selling from long-term holders who accumulated near cycle tops, indicating ongoing supply redistribution. Price was rejected almost precisely at the aggregate US spot ETF cost basis of ~$83k, turning that level into resistance and leaving the average ETF investor underwater again. Spot market selling pressure intensified, with the 7-day volume delta turning significantly negative to its weakest level since February. While a major long liquidation event cleared over $400M in leverage, spot demand has not yet stepped in to absorb the resulting supply. Options markets continue pricing in higher future volatility (elevated volatility risk premium) and maintain a skew toward put options, reflecting persistent demand for downside protection, though not yet panic. Overall, market structure remains fragile. Sustained recovery likely requires a reclaim of the ETF cost basis, a shift back to positive spot demand, and a slowdown in realized loss-taking. Until then, the market risks further downside or extended consolidation within the broader bear trend.

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Bitcoin's 'Rally Ends,' Officially Entering the Later Stage of a Bear Market?

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How Risky is the "Death Spiral" of MSTR and STRC?

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How Risky is the "Death Spiral" of MSTR and STRC?

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How Much Debt Does Strategy Really Have? Is There a Risk of Implosion?

MicroStrategy's Debt Risk: A Turning Point in the "Never Sell" Strategy As of June 3, 2026, MicroStrategy holds 843,706 bitcoins (valued at ~$53.1B) but faces significant financial obligations. Its capital structure includes $6.75B in convertible notes and $15.48B in perpetual preferred stock (led by the $8.5B STRC series), creating an annual payout burden of ~$1.71B. With software revenue at only ~$500M, interest and dividend obligations far exceed operating income. A critical shift occurred in late May 2026 when the company sold 32 bitcoins for ~$2.5M to cover dividends, breaking CEO Michael Saylor's long-standing "never sell" pledge. This symbolic move triggered a sharp decline in both Bitcoin's price and MSTR stock, reflecting market fears about cash flow sustainability. The core of the strain is the STRC perpetual preferred stock, designed as a "permanent loan" with no maturity date but requiring high monthly dividends (currently 11.5%). Its business model relies on a three-part cycle: issuing new STRC shares, using proceeds to buy more Bitcoin and fund a USD reserve, and using that reserve to pay dividends. This cycle depends on continuous investor demand for STRC and Bitcoin's price appreciation. Analysis shows Bitcoin needs to appreciate at least 2.3% annually to cover the $1.71B in yearly obligations at current holdings. With Bitcoin price down ~22% from March 2026 highs, this pressure has intensified. The company's $900M USD reserve can only cover about 7 months of payments if STRC issuance stalls. Key risks are not immediate bankruptcy or forced Bitcoin liquidation (as BTC is not collateral), but rather: 1) The erosion of MSTR's premium to its Bitcoin holdings (mNAV), which would cripple its ability to raise cheap capital; 2) A vicious cycle where stagnant Bitcoin prices reduce STRC demand, draining the USD reserve and forcing BTC sales, further depressing prices. The period from February 2027 to September 2028 is a crucial test, with over $5.9B in convertible notes facing put options or maturity. In essence, MicroStrategy has evolved from a simple Bitcoin holder into a complex financial entity acting like a "private Bitcoin bank," leveraging its BTC holdings to create layered financial products. Its survival depends on maintaining Bitcoin's price trend, its stock premium, and market appetite for its preferred shares. The recent token sale marks not a betrayal of its Bitcoin thesis, but an admission that the leveraged strategy must eventually be paid for.

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Anthropic Cries Wolf: Is the AGI Threat Real, or Just an IPO Story?

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