解构模块化执行层的影响和机遇

FastDailyPublished on 2023-01-12Last updated on 2023-01-12

Abstract

Web3用例展示了模块化区块链的影响,证明这种设计对各地的建设者来说都是一种更可持续的架构选择。与在单个网络上处理从A到Z所有内容的单体区块链不同,用户和开发人员看到了“委托”的好处。但是,模块化到目前为止表现如何?

Web3用例展示了模块化区块链的影响,证明这种设计对各地的建设者来说都是一种更可持续的架构选择。与在单个网络上处理从A到Z所有内容的单体区块链不同,用户和开发人员看到了“委托”的好处。但是,模块化到目前为止表现如何?让我们深入挖掘,了解它们是如何影响这个领域的,以及为什么它们为现有的链架构提供了更好的替代方案。

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单体链vs.模块化链

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在我们评估影响之前,让我们首先了解一下当今流行的两种主要类型的链架构,以及它们之间的区别。

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首先是单体链,它指的是一个网络,其中节点执行用户交易(执行),对产生的状态达成共识(共识),更新产生的全局状态(结算),存储和保证交易数据(数据可用性)——所有这些都发生在同一个网络上。鉴于整个交易生命周期都在同一个网络中处理,所以单体系统是很难扩展的。

另一种流行的设计理念是模块化,它假定一个独立的执行层与结算层和数据可用性层分离,以获得更好的可扩展性。随着单体链采用模块化架构,它们已经开始主要处理结算、共识和DA堆栈,而执行已经移出链外。

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随着StarkNet、Arbitrum和Optimism等执行层的推出,这种从单体链中移出的现象首先在以太坊上开始,现在正慢慢渗透到更广泛的L1空间。与单体链相比,这些执行层更具可扩展性、更经济,并为终端用户带来了更少的负面外部性。随着对开放、去中心化和通用执行中心的需求不断增长,模块化设计的区块链将继续存在。

模块化设计的好处

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随着执行移出链外,开发者不再受制于传统链的单体结构所带来的诸多限制,从而可以根据底层技术(ZK或optimistic执行)、runtime(EVM、WASM等)、执行层的目的(通用或特定于应用)以及用于DA和结算的底层网络开发不同类型的执行层。

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因此,人们可以想象将这些特征进行不同的组合来产生新的执行层。例如,可以构建一个运行Solana VM但由EVM链保护的执行层。这将使EVM链吸引Solana开发者,因为移植基于Solana的应用程序将变得更加容易。反之亦然,独立的执行层也是允许开发人员将EVM引入非EVM链的简单方法。

当前的执行层是否有效?

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在过去一年左右的时间里,我们已经看到大量的执行层被构建在不同的传统L1生态系统中,从而导致了一个非常分散的执行空间。这种分散的执行空间给开发人员带来了几个痛点。

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首先,用于启动执行层的现有工具往往与特定的链绑定在一起,这使得dApp开发人员几乎没有灵活的空间来转移到新的基链上。希望构建新执行层的开发人员还必须处理异构性问题,由于缺乏统一的开发框架,异构性尤其难以驾驭。此外,许多开发者和非开发者都希望拥有一个简单的仪表板,而不是低级的SDK。

这些痛点可以通过构建一个开放、去中心化和通用的协议来解决,该协议将允许开发人员启动任何类型的执行层。这样的系统应该有以下基本特征:

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>支持EVM、WASM等多种runtime 类型,从而允许非EVM链支持EVM或EVM链支持WASM;

>构建特定用例的链以及特定应用的执行层;

>支持可插拔的DA和结算层,因此是链不可知的

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总结

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当人们评估模块化区块链设计的影响和优点时,灵活性和多功能性成为了关键词。这不仅对开发者来说至关重要,对希望通过元宇宙或吸引人的NFT活动来打入web3领域的主流行业来说也很重要。

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目前,单体网络并不总是提供这种服务,这使得链的使用成本很高,很难在其上进行交易或代币化。为使加密货币生态系统成倍增长并有意义地发展,需要一个更加去中心化、定制化和可互操作的系统——所有的证据都表明,模块化设计是朝着这个方向迈出的坚实一步。

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