香港在推动资产代币化进程中,着手为银行防范量子计算威胁做准备

cointelegraphPublished on 2026-07-28Last updated on 2026-07-28

Abstract

香港金融管理局(HKMA)推出了一套评估银行应对量子计算威胁准备情况的框架,以配合城市扩大使用代币化存款、数字资产和区块链结算的步伐。HKMA发布了量子准备白皮书及业界首个量子准备指数,显示行业整体准备度仅为2.3分(满分10分),约半数受调查机构尚未制定正式的后量子规划,目标是在2030年前实现10分的全面准备。 此举背景是香港正将更多传统金融活动转移至分布式账本。自2023年起,香港已发行三批总计约168亿港元的代币化绿色债券,HKMA亦通过“Ensemble项目”推动代币化存款与数字资产结算。白皮书警告,分布式账本应用及支付网络的核心功能依赖加密技术,若防护被攻破可能遭受严重破坏。 量子计划是HKMA“金融科技2030”战略的一部分,该战略将代币化列为四大支柱之一。监管机构计划加速现实世界资产代币化、常态化发行代币化政府债券,并探索以区块链结算支持代币化基金。截至2025年底,香港银行托管的数字资产超140亿港元,代币化存款达290亿港元。 白皮书指出,未来能大规模运行肖尔算法的量子计算机可能破解广泛使用的RSA和椭圆曲线加密,导致数据泄露或交易签名伪造。由于更新加密系统耗时漫长,HKMA敦促银行立即开始盘点、风险评估和迁移规划。

随着香港不断扩大代币化存款、数字资产和区块链结算的使用规模,香港金融管理局(HKMA)发布了一个评估银行应对量子计算威胁准备状况的框架。

本周一,金管局发布了一份关于量子准备的白皮书以及业界首个量子准备指数(QPI)。该指数为该行业给出了2.3分(满分10分)的整体准备就绪评分,而白皮书发现,约半数受调查机构没有制定正式的后量子规划。金管局表示,其目标是在2030年前实现行业完全准备就绪,即QPI达到10分。

这一进展出台之际,香港正将更多传统金融活动转移到分布式账本上。政府数据显示,自2023年以来,香港已发行了三批总计约168亿港元(约合21亿美元)的代币化绿色债券,同时金管局正通过“Project Ensemble”项目推进代币化存款和数字资产结算。

金管局的白皮书指出,分布式账本应用和支付网络的核心功能依赖于密码学,如果这些保护措施被攻破,可能会面临严重的干扰。

白皮书还提到,一家受调查机构完成了将后量子密码学应用于分布式账本连接的验证项目,并引用了汇丰银行在2024年使用量子安全技术在分布式账本之间转移代币化黄金的例子。

香港的资产代币化进程提高了防范量子威胁的紧迫性

量子计划紧随金管局在2025年发布的《金融科技2030战略》之后启动,该战略将资产代币化作为包含40多项举措的计划中的四个战略支柱之一。

该监管机构表示,将加快现实世界资产(RWA)代币化,使代币化政府债券发行常态化,并探索代币化外汇基金票据,同时由电子港元、代币化存款和受监管的稳定币提供区块链结算支持。

相关阅读:香港启动计划,协助银行采用分布式账本技术

在2026年2月11日的一次演讲中,香港财政司司长陈茂波表示,截至2025年底,香港银行托管了超过140亿港元(约合17.85亿美元)的数字资产,同比增长约180%,而代币化存款已达到290亿港元(约合37亿美元)。

根据金管局的白皮书,能够大规模运行肖尔(Shor)算法的量子计算机最终可能破解广泛使用的RSA和椭圆曲线密码学。这可能使攻击者能够解密受保护的数据,或者伪造用于授权交易、验证身份和在金融系统中建立信任的数字签名。

由于更换已嵌入的加密系统可能需要数年时间,金管局敦促各银行在此类机器问世之前,就开始进行清查、风险评估和迁移规划。

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Related Questions

Q香港金融管理局为何要推出量子计算威胁准备框架?

A香港金融管理局推出该框架,旨在评估银行应对量子计算威胁的准备情况,因为随着香港扩大使用代币化存款、数字资产和区块链结算,其分布式账本应用和支付网络依赖密码学保护核心功能,若这些保护被量子计算破解,将面临严重干扰。

Q根据HKMA的报告,香港金融业在量子准备指数上的总体得分是多少?目标是什么?

A根据香港金融管理局的报告,香港金融业在量子准备指数上的总体得分为2.3分(满分10分)。HKMA的目标是到2030年实现全行业准备就绪,即达到10分。

Q香港在资产代币化方面取得了哪些具体进展?

A香港在资产代币化方面取得了多项进展:自2023年以来,已发行了三批总值约168亿港元(约21亿美元)的代币化绿色债券;截至2025年底,银行托管的数字资产超过140亿港元,同比增长约180%;代币化存款规模达到290亿港元(约37亿美元)。此外,HKMA正通过“Project Ensemble”项目推进代币化存款和数字资产结算。

Q量子计算机可能对当前金融系统密码学构成什么具体威胁?

A能够大规模运行肖尔算法的量子计算机,最终可能破解当前广泛使用的RSA加密和椭圆曲线加密技术。这将使攻击者能够解密受保护的数据,或伪造用于授权交易、验证身份和建立金融系统信任的数字签名。

Q香港金融管理局建议银行如何应对潜在的量子计算威胁?

A香港金融管理局建议银行应立即开始行动,因为在量子计算机可用之前,更换内嵌的密码系统可能需要数年时间。具体建议包括:开始对现有密码系统进行盘点和风险评估,并制定迁移到抗量子密码学的规划。

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