生物学变天:小扎的新开源模型,彻底掀翻谷歌AlphaFold王座

marsbitPublished on 2026-05-29Last updated on 2026-05-29

Abstract

AlphaFold王座告急!扎克伯格旗下Biohub近日在《自然》发文,重磅推出开源AI模型ESMFold2及其预测数据库ESM Atlas。该数据库一举发布11亿个蛋白质结构预测,比AlphaFold数据库多出8亿条,且完全开源、不限商用。 ESMFold2采用不同于AlphaFold的技术路线,基于“蛋白质语言模型”构建,将蛋白质序列视为“语言”进行训练。其纳入了大量AlphaFold未覆盖的微生物蛋白质数据,模型覆盖面更广。团队声称,其在预测蛋白质复合物结构方面性能超越AlphaFold3,并已成功用于设计并实验验证了新型功能性蛋白质。 开源策略被认为是其最大杀手锏。与谷歌DeepMind对AlphaFold3等模型施加商业限制不同,ESMFold2的全面开放有望吸引全球研究社区广泛使用和创新,策略与Meta在大语言模型领域的打法一脉相承。 学界反响积极,认为这是一个“非凡资源”,但也强调预测结果需要独立验证,并对模型在全新蛋白质结构上的表现持审慎态度。有专家指出,该领域竞争白热化,ESMFold2的领先优势可能不像看上去那么绝对。 此举标志着AI在生命科学领域的深入。从预测已知结构到设计全新蛋白质,AI正将理解与设计生命的能力推向新台阶,使更多全球科学家能够免费获取海量蛋白质结构数据,加速相关研究。

AlphaFold 王座告急!

Nature 刊文:扎克伯格旗下 Biohub 放了一记王炸,一口气发布 11 亿个蛋白质结构预测,比 AlphaFold 数据库多出 8 亿条。

背后的 AI 模型 ESMFold2 号称性能全面超越 AlphaFold3。

更关键的是,完全开源,不限商用

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-01686-3

谷歌 DeepMind 苦心经营多年的蛋白质 AI 霸主地位,正在被一个开源搅局者动摇。

蛋白质 AI 赛道的格局,可能要重写了。

11 亿个蛋白质结构,一把端上桌了

5 月 27 日,扎克伯格夫妇创建的生物医学机构 Biohub,正式上线了名为 ESM Atlas 的蛋白质结构数据库。

11 亿个预测蛋白质结构,外加 68 亿条蛋白质序列信息。

AlphaFold 的数据库积累了超过 2 亿个结构预测,ESM Atlas 一来就多出 8 亿条。

生成这些预测的 AI 模型叫 ESMFold2,由 Biohub 科学负责人 Alex Rives 带队开发。

Rives 说:

这个图谱展示了蛋白质生物学的全貌,尤其是那些最未知的部分。

蛋白质结构预测为什么重要?

蛋白质是生命运转的核心零件,知道它的形状就能理解它的功能,进而设计新药、攻克疾病。

AlphaFold 靠这个拿了诺贝尔化学奖,是 AI 改变科学的标志性案例。

现在一个新模型拿着大 5 倍的数据集站了出来。

作为 AI 模型,ESMFold2 强在哪

ESMFold2 走了一条和 AlphaFold 不同的技术路线。

它基于 2024 年发布的「蛋白质语言模型」构建,核心思路借鉴了 NLP 领域的做法,把蛋白质序列当作「语言」来理解,在数十亿条蛋白质数据上训练,让模型学会从序列直接预测三维结构。

AlphaFold 的 AI 同行们看到这里应该会觉得熟悉,这和大语言模型学习人类语言的逻辑是一样的。

训练数据的覆盖范围是关键变量。

ESMFold2 纳入了大量来自土壤、海洋等环境的微生物蛋白质数据,这部分在 AlphaFold 的数据库里是空白的。

覆盖面更广,模型见过的「蛋白质世界」就更完整。

Biohub 团队称,ESMFold2 在预测蛋白质之间相互作用的复合结构方面,表现优于 AlphaFold3。

但最有说服力的不是跑分,而是落地验证。

团队用 ESMFold2 设计了全新的蛋白质,拿到实验室合成测试,高比例的设计按预期起效了。

从「预测」到「设计」再到「验证」,这条链路跑通,价值就从论文延伸到了真实世界。

全部开源,这才是最大的杀手锏

ESMFold2 最锋利的竞争武器,是完全开源且不限商用。

这个选择的战略意义,放到整个 AI 行业的语境下看更清楚。

AlphaFold 虽然有开放数据库,但 AlphaFold3 在发布初期对商业使用做了限制。

谷歌 DeepMind 旗下的 Isomorphic Labs 今年推出的蛋白质相互作用预测模型更是完全闭源。

拓展阅读:谷歌发布「AlphaFold 4」,不再开源!性能碾压上一代

MIT 的计算生物学家 Ovchinnikov 直接点明了开源的价值,「我预计很多人会很兴奋地想试一试 ESMFold2。」

开源 AI 的杠杆效应在大语言模型赛道已经被充分验证,Meta 的 Llama 系列就是最好的例子。

一个足够强的开源模型,能撬动全球社区去迭代、应用、发现原始开发者自己都没想到的用法。

蛋白质 AI 领域的情况更特殊,全球有大量实验室和研究机构迫切需要一个免费、无限制的结构预测工具,闭源模型再强,能触达的用户群就那么大。

Biohub 选择全面开源,跟 Meta 在大语言模型上的打法一脉相承。

扎克伯格系在 AI 领域的策略越来越清晰——用开源做基础设施,用生态做护城河。

同行大牛,买不买账?

学界反应积极,但保留意见也很明确。

瑞典隆德大学的 Gemma Atkinson 称 ESM Atlas 「应该成为生物学的非凡资源」。

伦敦大学学院的 Christine Orengo 认可其价值,但强调预测结果需要独立验证。

更尖锐的问题来自首尔国立大学的 Martin Steinegger。

他关心的是,ESMFold2 面对那些与已知蛋白质差异很大的「新结构」时,表现到底如何。

他的团队此前发现,ESMFold 第一版在这方面并不出色。这个问题对 ESMFold2 依然悬而未决。

MIT 的 Ovchinnikov 给出了最冷静的判断,他认为 ESM Atlas 更适合定位为 AlphaFold 数据库的补充。

他还指出,Isomorphic Labs 的闭源模型以及一些 Biohub 没有直接拿来对比的开源模型,也取得了类似水平的成果。

ESMFold2 的领先幅度,可能没有论文暗示的那么大。

这种审慎,恰恰折射出蛋白质 AI 赛道的竞争已经白热化。

开源、闭源、学术、商业,各路模型都在以极快速度迭代。

今天的「最强」,半年后可能就被刷新。这个节奏,和大语言模型赛道的军备竞赛已经非常像了。

当 AI 开始读懂生命的源代码

过去,解析一个蛋白质的三维结构可能需要几个月到几年的实验室工作。

AlphaFold 第一次证明 AI 可以在几分钟内做到。

现在 ESMFold2 把预测规模推到了 11 亿量级,覆盖了大量此前从未被解析的蛋白质。

沿着这条路往前推演,当 AI 能精准预测所有蛋白质结构,能设计全新的功能性蛋白质且实验验证有效,那距离 AGI 在生命科学领域的落地,可能比大多数人预想的更近。

如果 ASI 真正到来,生物学对它而言不再是需要「研究」的学科,而是可以被「工程化」的系统。

从分子层面设计生命,按需定制蛋白质,重写进化的规则。

这听起来像科幻,但 ESMFold2 这类工具正在一步步把「科幻」变成「工程问题」。

今天,11 亿个蛋白质结构被摊开在桌上,全球任何有网络连接的科学家都可以免费取用。

这意味着,AI 理解生命的能力,又上了一个台阶。

参考资料:https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-01686-3

本文来自微信公众号“新智元”,作者:ASI启示录;编辑:马可

Related Questions

QESMFold2与AlphaFold在技术路线上有何主要区别?

AESMFold2基于‘蛋白质语言模型’构建,借鉴了NLP领域的思路,将蛋白质序列当作‘语言’来理解和学习,直接从序列预测三维结构。而AlphaFold则采用了不同的计算方法。此外,ESMFold2的训练数据纳入了大量来自土壤、海洋等环境的微生物蛋白质数据,这些在AlphaFold数据库中相对空白,使其对蛋白质世界的覆盖面更广。

QBiohub新发布的ESM Atlas数据库在规模上有何突出之处?

ABiohub发布的ESM Atlas数据库包含了11亿个预测蛋白质结构和68亿条蛋白质序列信息。相比之下,AlphaFold数据库积累了超过2亿个结构预测。因此,ESM Atlas一发布就比AlphaFold数据库多出了约8亿条蛋白质结构数据,规模显著更大。

QESMFold2模型在开源策略上有何特点?这对科学界可能产生什么影响?

AESMFold2模型是完全开源且不限商用的。这为全球的研究人员、实验室和机构提供了一个免费、无限制的高性能蛋白质结构预测工具。这种策略可以极大地促进工具的普及、迭代和应用创新,有望加速整个生命科学领域的研究,特别是对于那些资源有限的研究者而言,意义重大。

Q文章中提到的科学家对ESMFold2和ESM Atlas持有哪些主要的保留意见或质疑?

A部分科学家提出了谨慎的看法:1. 预测结果需要独立的实验验证(Christine Orengo观点)。2. 对于与已知蛋白质差异很大的‘新结构’的预测能力仍有待考察(Martin Steinegger的疑问,其团队发现ESMFold第一版在此方面表现不佳)。3. ESM Atlas可能更适合作为AlphaFold数据库的补充,且ESMFold2的领先优势可能没有论文暗示的那么大(MIT的Ovchinnikov观点)。

Q根据文章,ESMFold2的突破对AI在生命科学领域的长期发展意味着什么?

AESMFold2将蛋白质结构预测规模推至11亿量级,并能有效设计并实验验证新蛋白质,标志着AI在理解和工程化生命系统方面迈出了重要一步。文章推演,当AI能精准预测和设计所有蛋白质时,生物学可能从一门研究学科转变为可被工程化的系统。这意味着未来有望从分子层面设计生命、定制蛋白质,甚至重写进化规则,将曾经的‘科幻’构想逐步变为可解决的‘工程问题’,使AI理解生命的能力提升到新台阶。

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At its core, SPERO,$$s$ aims to empower individuals by providing tools and platforms that enhance user experience in the cryptocurrency space. This includes enabling more flexible transaction methods, fostering community-driven initiatives, and creating pathways for financial opportunities through decentralised applications (dApps). The underlying vision of SPERO,$$s$ revolves around inclusiveness, aiming to bridge gaps within traditional finance while harnessing the benefits of blockchain technology. Who is the Creator of SPERO,$$s$? The identity of the creator of SPERO,$$s$ remains somewhat obscure, as there are limited publicly available resources providing detailed background information on its founder(s). This lack of transparency can stem from the project's commitment to decentralisation—an ethos that many web3 projects share, prioritising collective contributions over individual recognition. By centring discussions around the community and its collective goals, SPERO,$$s$ embodies the essence of empowerment without singling out specific individuals. As such, understanding the ethos and mission of SPERO remains more important than identifying a singular creator. Who are the Investors of SPERO,$$s$? SPERO,$$s$ is supported by a diverse array of investors ranging from venture capitalists to angel investors dedicated to fostering innovation in the crypto sector. The focus of these investors generally aligns with SPERO's mission—prioritising projects that promise societal technological advancement, financial inclusivity, and decentralised governance. These investor foundations are typically interested in projects that not only offer innovative products but also contribute positively to the blockchain community and its ecosystems. The backing from these investors reinforces SPERO,$$s$ as a noteworthy contender in the rapidly evolving domain of crypto projects. How Does SPERO,$$s$ Work? SPERO,$$s$ employs a multi-faceted framework that distinguishes it from conventional cryptocurrency projects. Here are some of the key features that underline its uniqueness and innovation: Decentralised Governance: SPERO,$$s$ integrates decentralised governance models, empowering users to participate actively in decision-making processes regarding the project’s future. This approach fosters a sense of ownership and accountability among community members. Token Utility: SPERO,$$s$ utilises its own cryptocurrency token, designed to serve various functions within the ecosystem. These tokens enable transactions, rewards, and the facilitation of services offered on the platform, enhancing overall engagement and utility. Layered Architecture: The technical architecture of SPERO,$$s$ supports modularity and scalability, allowing for seamless integration of additional features and applications as the project evolves. This adaptability is paramount for sustaining relevance in the ever-changing crypto landscape. Community Engagement: The project emphasises community-driven initiatives, employing mechanisms that incentivise collaboration and feedback. By nurturing a strong community, SPERO,$$s$ can better address user needs and adapt to market trends. Focus on Inclusion: By offering low transaction fees and user-friendly interfaces, SPERO,$$s$ aims to attract a diverse user base, including individuals who may not previously have engaged in the crypto space. This commitment to inclusion aligns with its overarching mission of empowerment through accessibility. Timeline of SPERO,$$s$ Understanding a project's history provides crucial insights into its development trajectory and milestones. Below is a suggested timeline mapping significant events in the evolution of SPERO,$$s$: Conceptualisation and Ideation Phase: The initial ideas forming the basis of SPERO,$$s$ were conceived, aligning closely with the principles of decentralisation and community focus within the blockchain industry. Launch of Project Whitepaper: Following the conceptual phase, a comprehensive whitepaper detailing the vision, goals, and technological infrastructure of SPERO,$$s$ was released to garner community interest and feedback. Community Building and Early Engagements: Active outreach efforts were made to build a community of early adopters and potential investors, facilitating discussions around the project’s goals and garnering support. Token Generation Event: SPERO,$$s$ conducted a token generation event (TGE) to distribute its native tokens to early supporters and establish initial liquidity within the ecosystem. Launch of Initial dApp: The first decentralised application (dApp) associated with SPERO,$$s$ went live, allowing users to engage with the platform's core functionalities. Ongoing Development and Partnerships: Continuous updates and enhancements to the project's offerings, including strategic partnerships with other players in the blockchain space, have shaped SPERO,$$s$ into a competitive and evolving player in the crypto market. Conclusion SPERO,$$s$ stands as a testament to the potential of web3 and cryptocurrency to revolutionise financial systems and empower individuals. With a commitment to decentralised governance, community engagement, and innovatively designed functionalities, it paves the way toward a more inclusive financial landscape. As with any investment in the rapidly evolving crypto space, potential investors and users are encouraged to research thoroughly and engage thoughtfully with the ongoing developments within SPERO,$$s$. The project showcases the innovative spirit of the crypto industry, inviting further exploration into its myriad possibilities. While the journey of SPERO,$$s$ is still unfolding, its foundational principles may indeed influence the future of how we interact with technology, finance, and each other in interconnected digital ecosystems.

54 Total ViewsPublished 2024.12.17Updated 2024.12.17

What is $S$

What is AGENT S

Agent S: The Future of Autonomous Interaction in Web3 Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of Web3 and cryptocurrency, innovations are constantly redefining how individuals interact with digital platforms. One such pioneering project, Agent S, promises to revolutionise human-computer interaction through its open agentic framework. By paving the way for autonomous interactions, Agent S aims to simplify complex tasks, offering transformative applications in artificial intelligence (AI). This detailed exploration will delve into the project's intricacies, its unique features, and the implications for the cryptocurrency domain. What is Agent S? Agent S stands as a groundbreaking open agentic framework, specifically designed to tackle three fundamental challenges in the automation of computer tasks: Acquiring Domain-Specific Knowledge: The framework intelligently learns from various external knowledge sources and internal experiences. This dual approach empowers it to build a rich repository of domain-specific knowledge, enhancing its performance in task execution. Planning Over Long Task Horizons: Agent S employs experience-augmented hierarchical planning, a strategic approach that facilitates efficient breakdown and execution of intricate tasks. This feature significantly enhances its ability to manage multiple subtasks efficiently and effectively. Handling Dynamic, Non-Uniform Interfaces: The project introduces the Agent-Computer Interface (ACI), an innovative solution that enhances the interaction between agents and users. Utilizing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), Agent S can navigate and manipulate diverse graphical user interfaces seamlessly. Through these pioneering features, Agent S provides a robust framework that addresses the complexities involved in automating human interaction with machines, setting the stage for myriad applications in AI and beyond. Who is the Creator of Agent S? While the concept of Agent S is fundamentally innovative, specific information about its creator remains elusive. The creator is currently unknown, which highlights either the nascent stage of the project or the strategic choice to keep founding members under wraps. Regardless of anonymity, the focus remains on the framework's capabilities and potential. Who are the Investors of Agent S? As Agent S is relatively new in the cryptographic ecosystem, detailed information regarding its investors and financial backers is not explicitly documented. The lack of publicly available insights into the investment foundations or organisations supporting the project raises questions about its funding structure and development roadmap. Understanding the backing is crucial for gauging the project's sustainability and potential market impact. How Does Agent S Work? At the core of Agent S lies cutting-edge technology that enables it to function effectively in diverse settings. Its operational model is built around several key features: Human-like Computer Interaction: The framework offers advanced AI planning, striving to make interactions with computers more intuitive. By mimicking human behaviour in tasks execution, it promises to elevate user experiences. Narrative Memory: Employed to leverage high-level experiences, Agent S utilises narrative memory to keep track of task histories, thereby enhancing its decision-making processes. Episodic Memory: This feature provides users with step-by-step guidance, allowing the framework to offer contextual support as tasks unfold. Support for OpenACI: With the ability to run locally, Agent S allows users to maintain control over their interactions and workflows, aligning with the decentralised ethos of Web3. Easy Integration with External APIs: Its versatility and compatibility with various AI platforms ensure that Agent S can fit seamlessly into existing technological ecosystems, making it an appealing choice for developers and organisations. These functionalities collectively contribute to Agent S's unique position within the crypto space, as it automates complex, multi-step tasks with minimal human intervention. As the project evolves, its potential applications in Web3 could redefine how digital interactions unfold. Timeline of Agent S The development and milestones of Agent S can be encapsulated in a timeline that highlights its significant events: September 27, 2024: The concept of Agent S was launched in a comprehensive research paper titled “An Open Agentic Framework that Uses Computers Like a Human,” showcasing the groundwork for the project. October 10, 2024: The research paper was made publicly available on arXiv, offering an in-depth exploration of the framework and its performance evaluation based on the OSWorld benchmark. October 12, 2024: A video presentation was released, providing a visual insight into the capabilities and features of Agent S, further engaging potential users and investors. These markers in the timeline not only illustrate the progress of Agent S but also indicate its commitment to transparency and community engagement. Key Points About Agent S As the Agent S framework continues to evolve, several key attributes stand out, underscoring its innovative nature and potential: Innovative Framework: Designed to provide an intuitive use of computers akin to human interaction, Agent S brings a novel approach to task automation. Autonomous Interaction: The ability to interact autonomously with computers through GUI signifies a leap towards more intelligent and efficient computing solutions. Complex Task Automation: With its robust methodology, it can automate complex, multi-step tasks, making processes faster and less error-prone. Continuous Improvement: The learning mechanisms enable Agent S to improve from past experiences, continually enhancing its performance and efficacy. Versatility: Its adaptability across different operating environments like OSWorld and WindowsAgentArena ensures that it can serve a broad range of applications. As Agent S positions itself in the Web3 and crypto landscape, its potential to enhance interaction capabilities and automate processes signifies a significant advancement in AI technologies. Through its innovative framework, Agent S exemplifies the future of digital interactions, promising a more seamless and efficient experience for users across various industries. Conclusion Agent S represents a bold leap forward in the marriage of AI and Web3, with the capacity to redefine how we interact with technology. While still in its early stages, the possibilities for its application are vast and compelling. Through its comprehensive framework addressing critical challenges, Agent S aims to bring autonomous interactions to the forefront of the digital experience. As we move deeper into the realms of cryptocurrency and decentralisation, projects like Agent S will undoubtedly play a crucial role in shaping the future of technology and human-computer collaboration.

713 Total ViewsPublished 2025.01.14Updated 2025.01.14

What is AGENT S

Discussions

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