简评以太坊精简共识路线图,要推倒重来了吗?

深潮Published on 2025-09-07Last updated on 2025-09-08

以太坊过去累积的技术债还是太重了,至少还需要 4-5 年的重构时间。

撰文:Haotian

大致看了下以太坊精简共识的 Roadmap,确实如 @VitalikButerin 所说开始发力了。分享下我看到的亮点:

1)以太坊过去的更新迭代都是修修补补,导致积累了太多的技术债,但这份路线图至少说明以太坊要真的「推倒重来」了,颇有种当初从 POW 转 POS 的魄力。

就连 BLS 椭圆曲线签名都放弃了,直接要上哈希签名,因为 BLS 虽然成了信标链实现的功臣,但在全面 ZK 化问题上却成了成本、效率上最大的拦路虎,这么做目标就是让以太坊真正成为 ZK-Native 的链;

2)竟然同时探索 6 条 zkVM 技术路线,并不是为了通用计算,而是极致优化「签名聚合」这一个场景。SP1( @SuccinctLabs )、OpenVM 通用定制的方案、Binius 和 Hashcaster 这种专用派方案等等都在同时推进。

这其实引入了一种 zkVM 赛马机制,目标要让以太坊 zkVM 的性能达到最大化。但我注意到似乎 zkVM 的鼻祖 @RiscZero 似乎缺席了,但仔细想想也能理解,Risc Zero 要服务的是一个更大的通用化 zkVM 市场,以太坊只需要在签名聚合这块做极致定制,格局大了,就不屑于做专用优化了;

3)质押门槛从 32ETH 降到 1ETH,出块从 12s 降到了 4s,这些性能优化都是哈希签名 +zkVM 升级后直接显性效果,也达成了以太坊 L1 的进一步高性能使命。

但如此一来就带来一个问题,那些只是单纯更便宜、效率更高的通用 layer2 还有啥存在价值?摆在他们眼前就一条路,转 Specfic-Chain(游戏链、支付链?),或者 Based Rollup 这类模式反而会成为主流,毕竟 L1 性能提升后,Sequencer 交给 L1 就更合理了。

以上。总的来说,我感觉以太坊的这次精简共识路线图和 @solana 最近做 Alpenglow 和 Firedancer 升级路线上别无二致,本质上都是通过精简共识来实现性能跃进。

但以太坊过去累积的技术债还是太重了,至少还需要 4-5 年的重构时间。

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