特朗普时代的加密反攻:美国政府正将比特币推向金融核心

比推Published on 2025-08-07Last updated on 2025-08-07

作者:By Joe Light – BARRONS

原标题:Everyone Is Along for the Crypto Ride Now, Even if It Ends Badlyture or false. false input

编译及整理:BitpushNews


去年这个时候,在白宫办公区召开这样的加密峰会还难以想象。

2025年7月30日,Coinbase、Kraken 和 Ripple Labs 等数十家加密企业的高管齐聚白宫艾森豪威尔行政办公楼内装饰华丽的“印第安条约厅”,聆听特朗普政府官员轮番上阵,为长达160页的《加密国家路线图》鼓与呼。

这些公司中的大多数在拜登任内不是被美国证券交易委员会(SEC)起诉,就是被监管机构调查。而今,他们却成了白宫座上宾。

“真是魔幻,12个月前还对监管机构心存恐惧的人,现在在庆祝这届政府的所作所为,”一位与会加密高管表示,“我们赢了。”

特朗普的“变脸”让华尔街也开始下注

特朗普政府对加密态度的转变,不仅为行业解禁,也让主流金融机构逐步接纳这一曾被视为“边缘投机品”的资产类别。此前被监管机构禁止与加密企业合作的银行,如今正被鼓励积极参与。曾被 SEC 起诉的公司,也正被引导融入美国人的支付和金融基础设施。

然而,不同于2022年 FTX 崩盘时几乎未对经济造成实质性影响,下一次加密市场的崩盘,可能就没那么幸运了。

“所有的防护栏都在一夜之间被拆除,”杜克大学金融研究中心的 Lee Reiners 警告,“当下一轮下跌到来时,市场将面临真正的痛苦。”

加密资产大涨,华尔街与特朗普“共赢”

自特朗普当选以来,比特币上涨了71%,达到116,600美元;以太坊上涨56%。Coinbase股价大涨50%,Robinhood 股价翻了三倍至101美元。

7月,Cantor Fitzgerald 分析师在一份报告中写道:“作为比特币信仰者,我们看到这个行业走到今天,简直热血沸腾。”

但加密力量在华盛顿的迅速崛起也令人惊讶。特朗普在其第一任期内曾公开表示加密“毫无价值”,2021年还对媒体表示它“像个骗局”。但2022年后,他通过“特朗普数字交易卡”(NFT)大赚数百万美元,态度骤变。他的家族还涉足创办加密企业,推出借贷平台;其家族控股的特朗普媒体集团在8月披露,持有20亿美元比特币及相关证券。

在2024年大选期间,加密行业成为主要政治金主之一,不仅助力特朗普当选,还支持多位承诺支持行业立法的两党议员入主国会。

上台伊始,特朗普政府便迅速兑现“政策回报”:SEC 撤销了对 Coinbase、Kraken、Robinhood 的指控,甚至尝试撤销对 Ripple 的法庭裁决(但被法官驳回)。

金融系统正在“链上化”

监管层不再只是“松绑”,而是主动推动传统金融更深地拥抱加密。4月,银行监管机构撤销拜登时期要求银行涉足加密前须“报备”的指引;并鼓励银行重新为加密公司提供服务。

华尔街已迅速跟进:美国银行、花旗 CEO 在财报电话会上表示正在考虑发行美元稳定币;摩根大通 CEO Jamie Dimon 虽曾称比特币是“庞氏骗局”,但现在也表示“不想缺席”。一些银行已开始接受以比特币 ETF 为抵押的贷款。

7月,特朗普签署的《稳定币法案》正式生效,要求稳定币必须由安全资产(如国债、银行存款、货币基金)支持,并允许其广泛用于支付系统。

但前 SEC 官员 Amanda Fischer 警告称,稳定币在危机时期的脆弱性不可忽视。以2023年 USDC “脱锚”事件为例,当时Circle公司披露其储备部分存于倒闭的硅谷银行,导致 USDC 一度跌至88美分。虽然最终政府出手保障了储户资金,USDC 也恢复稳定,但若当时该币已被广泛用于日常支付,后果或将不堪设想。

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她警告:“如果你是杂货店老板,难道要在墙上挂张稳定币汇率表?”一旦稳定币崩溃,“政府面临的救市压力将空前巨大。”

从养老金到住房贷款,加密正渗透传统金融

特朗普政府也在废除拜登时期限制加密进入退休账户的政策。5月,劳工部撤销了对 401(k) 投资加密的警告。6月,住房金融监管机构 FHFA 要求 Fannie Mae 和 Freddie Mac 研究是否允许抵押贷款申请人将加密资产计入可贷资产。这引发民主党参议员集体反对,担心此举动摇整个住房金融系统。

加密行业的下一目标,是股市。SEC 表示正研究如何允许企业发行“代币化证券”(Tokenized Securities),在区块链上实现7×24小时交易。Kraken 已宣布将在美国以外市场推出 Apple、Tesla 等公司的代币化股票。Coinbase 也在呼吁 SEC 允许该类产品快速上市,称其将大幅降低交易成本、提高透明度。

传统金融机构对此发出警告。代表券商和资产管理公司的证券业与金融市场协会(SIFMA)在致 SEC 的信中指出,这些代币化证券“可能绕过既有规则,损害投资者保护”。加州公务员退休基金等成员组织的 Healthy Markets 协会也表示,放松对这类新产品的监管,恐将重演 Archegos 崩盘或2010年“闪电崩盘”悲剧。

不过 Kraken 表示支持 SEC 探索代币化创新。

白宫:这是金融系统“不可逆的未来”

Coinbase 首席法务官 Paul Grewal 指出,比特币和以太坊历次崩盘都未造成系统性危机,“从未要求过一次救市”。他认为,相比传统金融“杠杆+不透明”的危机根源,加密行业反而更安全。

白宫官员则称,不制定专门监管反而更危险。比如新通过的稳定币法案,要求发行人必须实现1:1储备、接受审计,并符合反洗钱要求。“这项技术将成为未来金融系统的基础之一。我们难道不应该为消费者建立保护机制?”

而特朗普政府的“加密国家计划”才刚刚开始。路线图建议商品期货委员会(CFTC)发布数字资产作为衍生品抵押品的指导意见,同时建议设立“监管沙盒”,让项目在免除监管负担下先行试点。SEC 主席 Paul Atkins 也表示将启动机构改革,“帮助美国金融市场真正链上化”。

“如果你已经赢到麻了,那就请耐心一点,因为我们才刚开始。”——财政部长 Scott Bessent 如此向加密行业喊话。


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