以太坊基金会：用”lean Ethereum”定义下个十年

比推Published on 2025-07-31Last updated on 2025-07-31

来源：以太坊基金会

作者：Justin Drake

原标题：lean Ethereum

发布日期：2025年7月31日

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昨日是以太坊诞生十周年。今天，我们正式提出"精益以太坊"（lean Ethereum）愿景——这也是我个人对未来十年的使命宣言。

我们正站在新时代的黎明。百万级TPS（每秒交易量）、量子计算威胁…以太坊如何在追求极致性能的同时，坚守安全与去中心化的底线？

核心答案在于：下一代密码学技术将成为攻守兼备的关键武器。

免责声明：本文为Drake个人观点，面向广大读者。后续将发布关于基于哈希的后量子签名和SNARKs的技术深度解析。我们期待并欢迎协议层、以太坊基金会及社区成员提出多元观点，这只会让我们更强大。

防御模式——堡垒形态

以太坊是独特的。自创世区块以来保持100%正常运行时间，拥有无可匹敌的客户端多样性，以及1300亿美元的经济安全性（3570万枚质押ETH×3700美元单价）——或许很快将达到1万亿美元。

以太坊正成为价值互联网的基石，未来将守护数百万亿美元的资产数十年甚至数百年。它必须能抵御任何威胁：民族国家攻击、量子计算机…我们称之为堡垒形态。只要互联网存在，以太坊就存在。当世界在线时，世界就在链上。

进攻模式——野兽形态

以太坊充满野心。"扩展L1，扩展数据块"已成为以太坊基金会协议组的战略重点。未来6-12个月将实现唾手可得的性能提升。

长期目标？L1达到千兆gas/秒，L2达到万亿gas/秒。我们称之为野兽形态。

- L1千兆gas/秒：1万TPS，垂直扩展的雄心

- L2万亿gas/秒：100万TPS，水平扩展的宏图

扩展性与去中心化不可兼得？未必。我们已掌握关键数学工具：

- 实时zkVMs实现精益执行

- 数据可用性采样（DAS）实现精益数据

更妙的是：全链验证可在任意浏览器、钱包和手机上完成。

精益升级

精益以太坊提案涵盖L1三大子层的全面升级：

1. lean共识（信标链2.0）：强化安全与去中心化，实现秒级最终确认（曾用名"光束链"）

2. lean数据（数据块2.0）：后量子数据块，支持精细化数据块尺寸，提供类calldata的开发体验

3. lean执行（EVM2.0）：极简且SNARK友好的指令集（可能采用RISC-V架构），在保持EVM兼容性和网络效应的同时提升性能

共识层（CL）、数据层（DL）、执行层（EL）均经过第一性原理重构，共同实现堡垒形态与野兽形态。目标是在确保不可妥协的连续性、极致安全性和极致简洁性的前提下，实现性能的指数级提升。

精益密码学

基于哈希的密码学正成为精益以太坊的理想基础，它为两大趋势提供了统一解决方案：

  • SNARK技术的爆发式增长

  • 量子计算的迫近威胁

想象用最精简的密码学构件——哈希函数——独自支撑整个L1：

- CL：哈希聚合签名升级BLS签名

- DL：哈希DAS承诺升级KZG承诺

- EL：哈希实时zkVMs升级EVM重执行

精益CL、精益DL、精益EL各有一颗密码学明珠。

精益工艺

精益以太坊不仅是强化与扩展以太坊的蓝图。它超越了安全加固、去中心化和尖端密码学的范畴，成为一种美学追求、艺术形式和工艺标准。就像《寿司之神》中小野二郎的匠人精神——能多走一里路，绝不少走一步。

极简主义、模块化、封装复杂度、形式化验证、可证明安全性、可证明最优性…这些微妙而重要的技术考量将在后续关于后量子密码学的文章中详细阐述。

精益传承

经过辉煌的十年，精益以太坊是一代人的誓言：确保以太坊在任何情况下永续运行；实现无妥协的扩展；让它配得上未来的使用者。

这关乎传承。我们是建设者，是传道者，我们就是以太坊。

期待您的加入：

[email protected]

leanroadmap.org

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说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点，不构成投资建议
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