曾是亲选之人,如今成“绊脚之石”?特朗普要鲍威尔下台

比推Published on 2025-07-17Last updated on 2025-07-17

作者:Fairy,ChainCatcher

编辑:TB,ChainCatcher

原文标题:7年前特朗普亲自任命鲍威尔,如今却绞尽脑汁逼其离职


“装修”还能修掉美联储主席?

特朗普早在大选期间就开始“炮轰”鲍威尔,如今更借装修争议之名,上阵“逼宫”。这场看似离谱的政治戏码,正将全球市场情绪推向临界点。

如今,鲍威尔背负着怎样的压力?如果他真的被迫离任,将引发怎样的风暴?

7年前特朗普亲自任命鲍威尔,如今却绞尽脑汁逼其离职

特朗普与鲍威尔:长达七年的爱恨情仇

特朗普和鲍威尔的矛盾,归根结底就是一句话:一个想降息,一个死扛不降。就这个核心分歧,两人从2018年僵持至今。

有趣的是,鲍威尔的上任其实来自特朗普的钦点。2018年2月,鲍威尔正式就任美联储主席,由特朗普提名。此时的特朗普期待鲍威尔推行宽松货币政策以支持经济增长。

2018年10月,特朗普首次公开批评鲍威尔,称美联储加息过快是“最大的威胁”,指责鲍威尔“疯了”。两人的矛盾开始公开化,此后特朗普持续向鲍威尔施压,口水战持续不断。

2022年,鲍威尔获拜登提名连任、任期延至2026年5月。进入2024年大选年后,情况进一步升级。无论是在竞选过程中,还是胜出之后,特朗普都持续批评鲍威尔“行动太慢、降息不力”。这几个月来,特朗普已 N 次点名要求鲍威尔辞职。

不过,特朗普想换掉鲍威尔,并非易事。按照美国法律,总统无权因政策分歧解除美联储主席职务,除非能拿出“违法或严重失职”的证据。

今年7月,真正的突破口出现。特朗普团队突然抛出“新剧本”:特朗普以“存在政治立场偏差”和“在国会做虚假陈述”为由,要求国会调查鲍威尔,指控鲍威尔牵头的美联储总部建筑翻新项目存在重大违规嫌疑。

就在这期间,有传言称鲍威尔正“考虑离职”,使得整件事迅速发酵。七年权力对抗,迎来高潮。

7年前特朗普亲自任命鲍威尔,如今却绞尽脑汁逼其离职

特朗普与鲍威尔:长达七年的爱恨情仇

前美联储经济学家罗伯特·赫策尔直言:“美联储已被逼入死角”。

当前,鲍威尔正身处货币政策的“炼狱”:一边是特朗普关税政策可能带来物价上行压力,另一边却是劳动力市场已显现降温迹象。双重威胁给鲍威尔和美联储的政策制定带来了难题。

若美联储过早降息,可能导致消费者通胀预期失控;若选择加息稳通胀,可能导致债市动荡、利率飙升,或触发“金融恐慌”。

经济困局之外,其还面临激烈的政治攻防战。不过,对于特朗普的施压,鲍威尔选择迎战。他请求监察长继续审查总部翻新项目,并罕见地通过美联储官网发声,详细回应成本上涨原因,反驳“奢华装修”指控。

经济、政治双线夹击,鲍威尔正处职业生涯中的艰难时刻。

7年前特朗普亲自任命鲍威尔,如今却绞尽脑汁逼其离职

若鲍威尔离职,会发生什么?

如果鲍威尔顶不住压力下台,整个全球金融市场的“定价锚”或将发生松动。

德意志银行外汇策略全球主管Saravelos分析称,若特朗普强行撤换鲍威尔,随后24小时内贸易加权美元指数可能暴跌3%-4%,固定收益市场将出现30-40个基点的抛售。美元和债券将背负“持续性”风险溢价,投资者还可能担忧美联储与其他央行的货币互换协议被政治化。

Saravelos 进一步指出:“更令人担忧的是美国经济当前脆弱的外部融资状况,这可能导致比我们预测更剧烈、更具破坏性的价格波动。”

此外,荷兰国际集团策略师团队Padhraic Garvey等人发布报告称,鲍威尔提前离任“可能性较低”,但若发生将导致美债收益率曲线陡峭化,因为投资者会预期利率下行、通胀加速以及美联储独立性减弱。他们还指出,这将形成美元贬值的“致命组合”。

加密KOL Phyrex 的分析更具风险资产视角。其分析道,即便特朗普顺利换掉鲍威尔,也未必就能“只手遮天”控制美联储。一旦通胀真的再度抬头,新主席最终也得乖乖回归紧缩路线。如果美联储在经济尚稳、失业率低的前提下于9月开始降息,那么风险资产可能短期迎来提振,加密市场也将受益。但当前利率仍在 4.5%,后续要释放的水仍然“多得很”。

7年前特朗普亲自任命鲍威尔,如今却绞尽脑汁逼其离职

鲍威尔的位子轻轻一晃,市场便会震荡。这不仅是一场货币政策的博弈,更是一场权力与独立性的较量。

说明: 比推所有文章只代表作者观点,不构成投资建议

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