Circle IPO冲刺50亿美元估值,稳定币有概念股了?

Odaily星球日报Published on 2025-04-02Last updated on 2025-04-02

Abstract

Circle计划以40亿至50亿美元估值推进IPO,借助USDC的合规优势和监管利好掀起加密货币行业新一轮资本热潮

2025 年 3 月 31 日,加密货币行业迎来一则重磅新闻。据《财富》杂志报道,美元稳定币 USDC 的发行方 Circle 正在紧锣密鼓地推进其 IPO 计划,现已聘请摩根大通和花旗银行担任承销商,预计将于 4 月底正式提交公开招股文件,目标估值定在 40 亿至 50 亿美元之间,让市场的目光再次聚焦在近期热门的稳定币赛道。

Circle IPO 卷土重来

其实这并不是 Circle 首次 IPO 计划。早在 2018 年,Circle 就曾表现出对公开市场的兴趣。当时,Circle 通过收购加密交易所 Poloniex 并推出 USDC,迅速崭露头角。同年,Circle 获得宣布获得 1.1 亿美元融资,由比特大陆领投,IDG 资本、Breyer Capital 等继续老股东跟投,估值达到 30 亿美元。这一轮融资或许是 Circle 为未来 IPO 铺路的信号,但加密市场惨烈的熊市和 2019 年初 Circle 估值大跌 75% ,使得 IPO 计划没有被提上日程。

真正让 Circle 接近公开市场的是 2021 年的 SPAC(特殊目的收购公司)。2021 年 7 月,Circle 宣布与特殊目的收购公司 Concord Acquisition Corp 合并。然而,Circle 很快遭遇监管寒流。美国 SEC 加大了对 SPAC 交易的审查力度,要求更严格的财务披露和合规措施。2022 年 12 月,Circle 与 Concord 的交易因未能获得 SEC 批准而告吹,公司公开表示「终止 SPAC 计划」。此后的 3 年间,Circle 专注于提升 USDC 的合规性和市场渗透率,例如与 Visa 合作拓展支付场景,并在全球范围内申请监管牌照。

相关阅读:《复盘 Circle:用比特币的故事融资,用稳定币的故事上市

要理解 Circle 的 IPO 计划,就不得不提到其合作伙伴 Coinbase 的成功经验。2021 年 4 月 14 日,Coinbase 登陆纳斯达克,成为首家在美公开上市的大型加密货币交易所。上市开盘股价从 250 美元涨至 328.28 美元,盘中最高涨至 429 美元,市值高达 645 亿美元。Coinbase 首席执行官 Brian Armstrong 曾表示,希望 USDC 成为「全球第一大稳定币」。Circle 的 IPO 若成功,不仅将为这一目标注入资金和资源,也可能进一步巩固两家公司的战略联盟。

Coinbase 与 Circle 的关系不止是普通合作。2018 年,两家公司共同推出了 USDC。作为 Circle 的核心产品,USDC 的发行与管理离不开 Coinbase 的支持,而 Coinbase 也通过其平台大力推广 USDC。截至 2025 年,USDC 的市值已超过 600 亿美元,成为仅次于 Tether(USDT)的第二大稳定币。Coinbase 不仅在技术与市场推广上助力 Circle,还持有 Circle 的部分股权,这种紧密的合作关系为 Circle 的 IPO 增添了更多看点。

Circle IPO冲刺50亿美元估值,稳定币有概念股了?

相关阅读:《对话 Circle 创始人:Circle 跌宕十年的思考

Circle 与 Tether:稳定币赛道的一双劲敌

在稳定币市场里,Circle 的 USDC 与 Tether 的 USDT 都将对方视为头号竞对。USDT 以约 1400 亿美元的市值稳坐头把交椅,而 USDC 以 600 亿美元紧随其后。虽然两者在市场份额上仍有差距,但 Circle 凭借其合规性和透明度,正在逐步缩小与 Tether 的距离。

Tether 自 2014 年推出以来,凭借先发优势和广泛的应用场景成为稳定币市场的霸主。然而,Tether 的崛起并非没有争议。其储备资产的透明度问题一直是监管机构和投资者的关注焦点。尽管 Tether 声称其 USDT 完全由美元或其他等值资产 1: 1 支持,但多次审计报告的缺失和对其储备构成的质疑,让其饱受批评。

相比之下,Circle 在合规性上走在了前列。USDC 的每一枚代币都由经过审计的美元储备支持,Circle 定期发布由顶级会计师事务所出具的证明报告。这种透明度不仅赢得了传统金融机构的青睐,也使其成为监管机构眼中的「优等生」。比如 Circle 已在美国多个州获得货币传输许可,并在欧洲选择法国作为总部,布局全球市场。2024 年,Circle 还在日本获得监管批准推出 USDC,进一步拓展了其国际影响力。

Circle IPO冲刺50亿美元估值,稳定币有概念股了?

相关阅读:《WSJ:Tether 与 Circle 的生死之战

稳定币的盈利逻辑并不复杂。以 Tether 为例,用户将美元兑换成 USDT 后,Tether 将这些资金投资于美国国债、货币市场基金等低风险资产,在维持 USDT 与美元 1: 1 锚定的同时赚取利息差。在 2022 年至 2024 年的高利率周期中,美国国债收益率一度超过 5% ,为 Tether 带来了丰厚的回报。此外,Tether 还通过收取提现费用和与合作伙伴的分成进一步增加收入。Tether 在 2024 年全年实现利润高达 130 亿美元,这一数字甚至超过了全球最大资产管理公司贝莱德的年度收入。这种商业模式几乎没有成本,却能持续产生现金流,堪称「数字时代的印钞机」。

Circle 的 USDC 采用了类似的盈利模式,但由于其市值规模较小,收入自然不及 Tether。然而,Circle 的透明度和合规性为其赢得了更多机构客户。例如,Visa 和 Mastercard 已将 USDC 集成到其支付网络中,BlackRock 也通过其 BUIDL 基金间接支持 USDC 的应用。Circle 的 IPO 若能成功募集数十亿美元资金,或许将加速其在机构市场中的扩张,缩小与 Tether 的收入差距。

稳定币法案推波助澜

Circle 选择在今年推进 IPO,离不开外部环境的改善。自特朗普当选以来,他多次公开支持加密货币发展,承诺将美国打造为「全球加密中心」,并强调美元在数字经济中的主导地位。稳定币作为美元数字化的重要载体,自然成为政策重点。

截至 2025 年 4 月 1 日,美国针对稳定币的立法进程加速推进,其中《GENIUS 法案》和《STABLE 法案》备受瞩目。《GENIUS 法案》于 2024 年提出,要求稳定币发行商的储备资产 100% 由现金或现金等价物支持,并接受定期审计,已在今年 3 月 13 日以 18 票赞成、 6 票反对通过参议院银行委员会表决,即将进入参议院全院投票,总统数字资产顾问委员会执行主任 Bo Hines 预计最快 6 月前可送交特朗普签署;与此同时,《STABLE 法案》在众议院稳步推进,计划于 4 月 2 日进行标记修订,目前两院正在协调法案细节,特朗普政府明确支持,承诺一旦通过将迅速签署为法律,这一进展为 Circle 等合规型稳定币企业提供了政策利好,也标志着美国在数字美元领域的监管框架日益清晰。

相关阅读:《为什么币圈蒸发 9000 亿美元,稳定币市值却创下历史新高?

此外,欧盟的《MiCA》法规已于 2024 年全面实施,对稳定币发行商提出了更高的透明度和资本要求。Circle 率先在法国设立欧洲总部,显示出其对全球合规化的重视。日本、英国等国家也在加速制定稳定币监管政策,为行业发展提供了更清晰的指引。

稳定币法案的落地或许将给市场格局带来深远影响。对于 Circle 而言,IPO 的成功不仅能为其提供资金支持,还可能推动 USDC 在合规市场中的更大普及。反观 Tether 则面临更大的监管压力,需要调整其储备结构,甚至出售部分非现金资产。可以预见,随着监管环境的明朗化和机构资金的入场,稳定币市场可能迎来新一轮洗牌,而 Circle 的 IPO 或将是这一进程中的重要催化剂。

加密货币 IPO 进程升温

在稳定币监管逐步明朗的背景下,Circle 的 IPO 计划或许只是传统资本进入加密市场的缩影。政策的推波助澜不仅为 Circle 等稳定币发行商铺平了道路,也为更多加密企业打开了通往华尔街的大门。Bitwise 在去年年底预测有 5 家(包含 Circle)可能在 2025 年上市的公司:

· Circle:第二大稳定币 USDC 的发行人。

· Figure:该公司以基于区块链的金融服务(如抵押贷款、个人贷款和资产代币化)而闻名,自去年以来一直在探索上市。

· Kraken:这家总部位于美国的加密货币交易所的 IPO 计划可以追溯到 2021 年。

· Anchorage Digital:作为联邦特许银行的地位可能为其上市铺平道路。

· Chainalysis:区块链合规和情报服务领域的领导者,有望上市。

此外,Dragonfly 的 Hadick 表示:「我预计 LP(加密风投机构的有限合伙人)市场会变得更好,他们会希望将更多资金投入加密货币。许多传统的 Web2 交叉基金将重返 Web3 领域。我们已经在某些领域看到这样的趋势,例如稳定币和支付。」他补充道,风险投资交易往往比公开市场价格上涨滞后一两个季度。

相关阅读:《福布斯: 2025 年加密货币将被重新定义

Circle 的 IPO 也许会成为稳定币行业发展的一个风向标。随着全球监管环境的逐步明朗,稳定币正迎来合规化与机构化的黄金时代。Circle 能否借此东风,进一步挑战 Tether 的霸主地位?答案将在 IPO 后的市场表现中揭晓。

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