以太坊生态迎来至难时刻，如何破局？

Odaily星球日报Published on 2024-08-12Last updated on 2024-08-12

Abstract

以太坊生态此刻要考虑的不是重塑DeFi Summer，而恰恰是走出纯DeFi文化阴霾。

原文作者：Haotian（X：@tmel0211）

为什么市场唱衰以太坊的声音总是此起彼伏？简单来说：以太坊生态系统确实面对内忧外患的焦灼处境，内有 layer 2 等扩展方案一直挺不起脊梁，外有 Solana 等杀手始终亡我坊之心不死，创新乏力和竞争压力下的以太坊迎来了至难时刻。接下来，简单谈谈我的看法： 

1）以太坊 Rollups 的大小生态系统已经成型，坎昆升级 EIP-4844 之后，以太坊短期技术层面的利好已然落定。更长期的分片链在 Rollup 冲击下已不再预期，而降低节点成本、简化协议以及底层 ZK-SNARKs 化等升级又仅是锦上添花。整个区块链行业都在等龙二以太坊交出一份满意的 layer 2 答卷，然而截止目前，layer 2 并没有承载以太坊的“增长”预期。

2）实在讲，Rollups 能从 Plasma、Validium 甚至平行链等多种扩展方案中脱颖而出，全在于 Rollups 采纳了一种执行和状态、结算等分层处理的主次链组合交互范式。正常逻辑下，layer 2 在确立一种和主网交互的安全共识之后，接下来就该强化并放大执行层上的性能处理优势，给以太坊主网输入增量用户和生态才对。 

然而事实是，大部分 layer 2 却选择了进行商业叙事级别的叠杠杆套娃，走 Stack 战略拉同盟，共享组件牵入 layer 3 应用链，还有 Rollup as a Service、DA as a Service、甚至 AVS as a Service 等等。这些乍一看能无限放大 layer 2 商业和叙事想象空间的策略，都只能更长期叠加市场的预期杠杆，在扩大应用生态和赋能币价等方面并不能立竿见影。

3）很长一段时间，总有人嘲笑以太坊 Gas 费 1 Gwei，以此来讥讽以太坊 layer 2 战略方向的失败，但换个角度看，这何尝不是以太坊靠 layer 2 解决拥堵、Gas 费高等问题的阶段性成功？只不过，糟糕的是 layer 2 不仅没有以太坊带来预期的巨大生态和交易量，甚至还分流了一部分流量出走了。

实际上，layer 2 在解决以太坊性能不足能力上算成功的，OP-Rollup 和 ZK-Rollup 阵营的竞争内卷也到达的白热化的程度，但选阵营搞 infra 而非纯应用创新暴露了以太坊开发者社区一个很尴尬的现状：过度依赖 VC 融资驱动发币而并非真正的价值创新。

尽管这是web3行业流入开发者人才越多，以及 VC 的资金流入趋多，进而竞争内卷加剧的直接结果。虽然创业门槛变高本来可以是市场趋于成熟的表现，在 Crypto 早期阶段，过度的内卷则成了项目高 FDV 扼杀创新的始作俑者。试想一个项目顶着巨大的 FDV，一切努力只为快速 Go to Market，怎么会有时间来沉淀价值创新。而 to VC 最有效的就是堆叠 B 端的商业叙事，C 端应用这类紧迫但却不性感的方向则一直不温不火。所以，才让市场感知到 infra> application 的失衡吧。 

4）尽管，以太坊杀手的性感叙事已经在上一轮牛市中被证伪了，但这一轮 Solana、Sui、Aptos、Sei 等高性能公链都直戳以太坊 EVM 的“低性能”软肋。虽然都不再喊着杀死以太坊，但不可否认它们在性能上的高并发和特殊 Move 语言安全机制等层面确实能冲击到以太坊，尤其是可能成为新一代web3应用生态滋生的沃土，比如：DePIN、大型游戏、intent 交易、AI Agent 等等。

这是我认为新一代高性能公链最大的机会，不再堆叠 infra 预期，直接凭应用崛起来向以太坊宣战。

或者说根本就无需宣战，用模块化思想把以太坊归置到“结算层”的单薄叙事上，用新模块化执行层，DA 层、Unified 流动性层等对对以太坊过去建立的话语权体系进行重构，不也是一种竞合成功？对其他链是，对以太坊又何尝不是，然而，这是我在其他高性能链或模块化、链抽象链上看到的趋向，但似乎以太坊还只是“被动挨打”的姿态，即使在 ETF 这等超前性利好的前提下，也没能放下架子来应对。 

5）很多人还在对另一次 DeFi Summer 抱有期待，但反思以太坊 layer 2 的不及预期，我很无奈的接受了，DeFi Summer 或许永不复来的事实。

@VitalikButerin自己也很清楚，以太坊最大的困局可能就是过度的金融属性，DeFi 这种承载金融属性的完美载体，既往成功经验和 DeFi 组合的无限套娃属性都让它天然契合人的投机偏好。以太坊生态此刻要考虑的不是重塑 DeFi Summer，而恰恰是走出纯 DeFi 文化阴霾。

上一轮牛市横空出世的 NFT，OpenSea 由盛转衰也都未曾完全嵌套进 DeFi 框架内，但这并不影响 NFT 带领上一轮以太坊走出超强牛市，这一轮 PolyMarket 去中心化预测市场被重视，虽然并非新玩法，也不知道能不能掀起新生机，但好在，它也并非纯 DeFi、或者说已经扩展重构了 DeFi。如何把以太坊最大可能向web2世界融合，脱虚向实，才是大家应该真正预期的新 Summer 所在。

以上。 Note：作为一个长期的以太坊 Holder，真心盼望以太坊能够走出内忧外患的至难时刻。但还是想强调，以太坊生态汇聚了最大规模的 Geeker，也是对创新最敏感的领地，只要市场走出当下困局，相信以太坊还会是力挽狂澜最靓的仔。

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